scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activities of Isolated Bioactive Components from the plant Adenodolichos paniculatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-447
Author(s):  
A.E. Onwuliri ◽  
I.F. Kyahar ◽  
J.O. Ehinmidu ◽  
P.O. Oladosu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Component C

The three bioactive components isolated included: component A (major phytochemicals were Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (16.36 %), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ether (14.77 %) and 9.cis., 11.trans.-octadecadie noate (14.77 %), component B (major phytochemicals were 9,12-Octadecadienal (Linoleic acid) (40.98 %), Octadecanoic acid (Stearic acid) (9.26 %), Undecanoic acid, 10-bromo- (10-bromoudecanoic acid) (9.26 %) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid) and component C (cis-9-octadecenoic acid (Oleic Acid) (30.45 %), Octadecanoic acid (Stearic acid) (17.33 %)). These components isolated from the chloroform fraction of Adenodolichos paniculatus are used by traditional medicinal practitioners for the management of mouth and throat infections. The antibacterial activities against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated using bioautography and agar-well diffusion methods. The bioautogram result showed that component A had inhibited spots against S. pyogenes (17.50 mm) and P. aeruginosa (16.00 mm), corresponding to the TLC spots with Rf values of 0.594, 0.55 and 0.26, respectively. Component B showed inhibition spots against Streptococcus pyogenes (36.50 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (16.00 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.00 mm), corresponding to the TLC spots with Rf values 0.891, 0.87, 0.85 and 0.25, respectively. Component C showed inhibition spots against Streptococcus pyogenes (16.50 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (15.00 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.50 mm), corresponding to the TLC spots Rf values of 0.938, 0.44, 0.21 and 0.90, respectively. For the agar-well diffusion method, component A at 1 mg/ml inhibited Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growths with zones of inhibition 23.0, 19.5 and 17.50 mm, respectively. MIC and MBC of component A were 125, 250 and 250 and 250, 500 and 500 μg/ml, respectively. Component B at 1 mg/ml inhibited Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth with zones of inhibition 30.0, 28.0 and 18.5 mm, respectively. MIC and MBC of the compound B were 31, 62 and 125 and 62, 125 and 250 μg/ml, respectively. Component C at 1 mg/ml inhibited Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth with zones of inhibition 24.5, 20.5 and 17.0 mm, respectively. MIC and MBC of the component C were 62, 125 and 250 and 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml, respectively. This study confirmed that bioactive compounds of A. paniculatus root have antibacterial properties and support the use of this part of the plant as a traditional remedy for mouth and throat infections possibly caused by the test bacteria.

scholarly journals Time-kill kinetics and antibacterial activity of root extract of Adenodolichos paniculatus (Hua) Hutch & Dalz (Fabaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Friday I. Kyahar ◽  
Edith A. Onwuliri ◽  
Joseph O. Ehinmidu ◽  
Peters O. Oladosu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Time Kill

Medicinal plants have been used in treatment of illness from time immemorial. Adenodolichos paniculatus is a medicinal plant used for traditional remedy of sore throat infections. This study therefore, evaluated the antibacterial activities of the root extracts and time-kill kinetics of the most potent extract. Five extracts, obtained by maceration using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water sequentially were evaluated for antibacterial activities and time-kill kinetics against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Chloroform root extract at 100 mg/ml was active against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with zones of inhibition 25.00, 21.00 and 14.75 mm respectively but not against Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were 1.56, 6.25 and 25.00 mg/ml respectively and the minimum bactericidal concentrations were 3.12, 12.50 and 50.00 mg/ml. Complete elimination of S. pyogenes, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was achieved at concentrations 1.56 mg/ml, 6.25 mg/ml and 25.00 mg/ml within 300, 720 and 960 minutes exposure respectively and at concentrations 3.12 mg/ml, 25.00 mg/ml and 50.00 mg/ml within 180, 300 and 720 minutes exposure respectively. Chloroform root extract has the potential to be used as antibacterial agent and was better than the other solvent extract two-fold. Keywords: Adenodolichos paniculatus; Antibacterial activity; Time-kill kinetics; Percentage reduction, Log reduction

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity, Acute Toxicity and Immuno-stimulatory Potential of Adenodolichos paniculatus root Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-322
Author(s):  
IF Kyahar ◽  
◽  
AE Onwuliri ◽  
JO Ehinmidu ◽  
PO Oladosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Immunostimulatory Activity ◽  
Test Organisms

Medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of illnesses from time immemorial. In Nigeria today a large population of people still depend on herbal medicines for their health needs. The medicinal plant, Adenodolichos paniculatus has been used traditionally as a remedy for mouth and throat infections in Pushit community of Plateau state, Nigeria. Five solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) were used sequentially for the isolation of bioactive compounds from the root of the plant Adenodolichos paniculatus and concentrated on rotary vacuum evaporator. Concentrated extracts were tested for their antibacterial activities against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli by agar-well diffusion method. Ofloxacin was the referenced drug. Chloroform root extract was more potent than the remaining four extracts. The extract at 100 mg/ml was active against only three (3) of the four (4) pathogens tested namely Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with zones of inhibition measuring 25.00, 21.00 and 11.75 mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract against the test organisms were 1,560, 6,250 and 25,000 µg/ml respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration was 3,120, 12,500 and 50,000 µg/ml against the three organisms. The extract was found to be nontoxic with LD50 of above 2000 (mg//kg body weight) when administered orally in mice. The plant extract has immunostimulatory activity with a significant increase (p<0.05) in white blood cell proliferation when administered into mice at doses of 50, 25 and 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: The result of this investigation supports the use of this plant for the traditional remedy of mouth and throat infections possibly caused by these test organisms. The extract can serve as lead in phytomedicine development for the treatment of throat related infections.

Glycerol and ichthammol: medicinal solution or mythical potion?

1996 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nilssen ◽  
P. J. Wormald ◽  
S. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Inflammatory Action

AbstractGlycerol and ichthammol (G & I) has been used for generations by otologists. However, there is a paucity of information on both its mode of action and its anti-bacterial properties. The aim of this paper was to ascertain firstly, what the most common organisms found in discharging ears were and secondly, what antibacterial activity G & I had against these organisms. All ear swabs from 1992–1994 in our unit were reviewed to ascertain the prevalence of the commonly isolated organisms. Fresh isolates of these organisms were collected and plated onto agar with wells of glycerol, ichthammol and a combination of both as used in clinical practice. The diameters of the zones of inhibition observed after incubation were measured in millimetres. Common isolates were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabalis, Streptococcus pyogenes in descending order of frequency. Pure glycerol showed no significant zones of inhibition against any of the organisms tested. The average zones of inhibition for G & I and ichthammol alone were for Staphylococcus aureus 15 mm and 18 mm and for Streptococcus pyogenes: 16 mm and 23 mm. Ichthammol alone was significantly more effective than G & I (p<0.001). There was no significant activity against Proteus mirabalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The therapeutic benefit of G & I is due in part to the inherent anti-bacterial activity of ichthammol against the Gram positive organisms as well as its anti-inflammatory action and the dehydrating effect of the glycerol.

ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA IN VITRO DO EXTRATO AQUOSO, HIDROALCOÓLICO E ALCOÓLICO DE FOLHAS DE ESPÉCIES DA FAMÍLIA LAMIACEAE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlynne Freire Mendonça ◽  
José Klauber Roger Carneiro ◽  
Maria Auxiliadora Silva Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

Objetivos: avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana em extrato aquoso, hidroalcoólico e alcoólico das folhas de espécies da família Lamiaceae frente a bactérias de interesse. Método: Foram escolhidas quatro espécies: Ocimum gratissimum, Plectranthus amboinicus, Mentha arvensis e Plectranthus barbatus. A partir das folhas foram confeccionados os extratos aquoso, hidroalcoólico e alcoólico nas concentrações 100mg/mL, 50mg/mL e 25mg/mL. Foram selecionadas as bactérias Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa para os ensaios de antibiose em Ágar Mueller-Hinton. Resultados: P. barbatus, em seu extrato hidroalcoólico mostrou ativo nas três concentrações para bactéria S. aureus, e ainda foi ativo para P. aeruginosa, demonstrando no extrato alcoólico atividade frente as bactérias. Para M. arvensis e P. amboinicus, seus extratos hidroalcoólico e alcoólico apresentaram atividade para S. aureus. Conclusão: Sugere-se que as espécies em questão apresentem boa atividade antimicrobiana, sendo necessária a realização de mais estudos para melhor entender esse mecanismo.

scholarly journals 2D-QSAR Study of Indolylpyrimidines Derivative as Antibacterial against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus: A Comparative Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna A. Datar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Qsar Model ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Qsar Study ◽  
Qsar Analysis ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

A set of 15 indolylpyrimidine derivatives with their antibacterial activities in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration against the gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus were selected for 2D quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. QSAR was performed using a combination of various descriptors such as steric, electronic and topological. Stepwise regression method was used to derive the most significant QSAR equation for predicting the inhibitory activity of this class of molecules. The best QSAR model was further validated by a leave one out technique as well as by the random trials. A high correlation between experimental and predicted inhibitory values was observed. A comparative picture of behavior of indolylpyrimidines against both of the microorganisms is discussed.

scholarly journals Microorganisms Isolated from Hospital Environmental Surfaces in Akure Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. G. Palmer ◽  
A. K. Onifade
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Ondo State

Nosocomial infection is a rising problem in developing countries. Microorganisms Isolated from three private and public hospital environmental surfaces in Akure Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria were investigated in this study. Bacterial and fungal organisms were isolated and compared among the three hospitals. The study revealed that bacteria were the most predominant microorganisms found in the hospital environmental surfaces than fungi. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus were the bacterial isolates while fungi include Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.  Staphylococcus aureus was found to be predominant bacteria but Aspergillus funmigatus was the predominant fungi. The result showed that the microbial loads of the public hospitals were higher than that of the private hospitals. The bacteria load of the male ward was found to be higher than that of the female ward while the fungal loads of each of the hospital environmental surfaces of female were higher than that of the male. The study revealed that bacteria were the most predominant microorganisms found in the hospital environment than fungi. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus were the bacterial isolates while fungi include Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.  Staphylococcus aureus was found to be predominant bacteria. All the hospital environmental surfaces were contaminated with one or more microorganisms in the course of the research.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of bioactive component from flower of linum capitatum kit

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Ilic ◽  
Sandra Konstantinovic ◽  
Zoran Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
Bacillus Subtilus ◽  
Simplex Virus

Different extracts containing bioactive components and etheric oil of the flowers of Linum capitation kit. (Linacea) of Serbian origin were tested for an Antimicrobial activity against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), one mold (Aspergillus niger) and one yeast (Candida albicans). The isolated Flavonoids were also tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli Bacillus anhtracis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Herpes simplex virus type.

scholarly journals Eficiência de sabonetes comerciais antissépticos contra bactérias patogênicas e análise dos rótulos

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e20310212241
Author(s):  
Jeisa Patricia Leitzke ◽  
Tatiany Alves Nierri ◽  
Jaqueline Hoscheid ◽  
Nathielle Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis

Os sabonetes em barra com ação antisséptica são destinados à limpeza de resíduos presentes no corpo, sua utilização tem crescido significativamente em decorrência da preocupação da população com determinadas doenças causadas por contaminação microbiológica. Com isso, têm surgido no mercado diferentes marcas de sabonetes garantindo a eliminação de 99,9% das bactérias. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a análise comparativa do pH, atividade antibacteriana e rótulos de 5 diferentes marcas de sabonetes antibacterianos em barra, identificados como A, B, C D e E. Realizou-se a determinação do pH com auxílio de pHmetro digital, e na análise microbiológica utilizou-se a metodologia de disco difusão, com o intuito de observar a presença ou ausência da multiplicação das bactérias Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli frente aos diferentes sabonetes testados. Durante a análise da rotulagem dos sabonetes foi avaliada a presença do requisito “composição”, exigido pela resolução vigente.  Nos testes realizados constatou-se que o pH de todas as marcas testadas encontraram-se fora dos parâmetros estabelecidos. Na análise microbiológica observou-se que apenas a marca E, demonstrou efeito antisséptico frente às bactérias testadas. Os demais sabonetes apresentaram menor e até mesmo nenhum potencial de inibição do crescimento desses microrganismos. Os produtos analisados neste estudo apresentam em suas formulações duas substâncias ativas, o triclosan e o triclocarban, porém os mesmos podem ser nocivos para a saúde humana e meio ambiente, e induzirem a resistência bacteriana, por isso, alguns países já proibiram o uso destes ativos. Segundo os resultados obtidos é possível concluir que os rótulos presentes das embalagens destas diferentes marcas analisadas estão em desacordo com o estabelecido pelos fabricantes.

scholarly journals Microbiological and Proximate Analyses of Lebanese Bread (Pita) from Akure Metropolis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Christiana E. Aruwa ◽  
Ayobami R. Farotimi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Industrial Chemistry ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Pita Bread

Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the microbial quality and proximate composition of pita samples from Akure metropolis. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology and Industrial Chemistry laboratories of the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Ondo State, Nigeria, between January 2016 and June 2016. Methodology: Pita samples were evaluated using standard microbiological techniques to ascertain microbial load and types after purchase from vendors utilizing them alone or in production of other foods. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolates was also determined. Proximate composition analysis of samples was also performed. Results: Average bacterial count was 1.0±0.9 cfu/g, while average fungal count was 2.0±1.2 sfu/g. The fungi isolated were Rhizopus stolonifer, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger; while the bacteria isolated were Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris. Microbial zones of inhibition ranged from 17 mm to 23.50 mm. Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were most susceptible to gentamycin, pefloxacin and amoxycillin, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus showed the widest antimicrobial resistant pattern. The highest carbohydrate content was recorded as 78.99 %, while bread samples showed low ash content (0.65 %). Conclusion: Pita bread is not a common staple compared to leavened breads but provides appreciable level of nutrients. Pita bread requires regular microbial assessment to determine their safety for direct consumption or use in production of other food products.

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