scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity, Acute Toxicity and Immuno-stimulatory Potential of Adenodolichos paniculatus root Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-322
Author(s):  
IF Kyahar ◽  
◽  
AE Onwuliri ◽  
JO Ehinmidu ◽  
PO Oladosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Immunostimulatory Activity ◽  
Test Organisms

Medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of illnesses from time immemorial. In Nigeria today a large population of people still depend on herbal medicines for their health needs. The medicinal plant, Adenodolichos paniculatus has been used traditionally as a remedy for mouth and throat infections in Pushit community of Plateau state, Nigeria. Five solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) were used sequentially for the isolation of bioactive compounds from the root of the plant Adenodolichos paniculatus and concentrated on rotary vacuum evaporator. Concentrated extracts were tested for their antibacterial activities against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli by agar-well diffusion method. Ofloxacin was the referenced drug. Chloroform root extract was more potent than the remaining four extracts. The extract at 100 mg/ml was active against only three (3) of the four (4) pathogens tested namely Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with zones of inhibition measuring 25.00, 21.00 and 11.75 mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract against the test organisms were 1,560, 6,250 and 25,000 µg/ml respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration was 3,120, 12,500 and 50,000 µg/ml against the three organisms. The extract was found to be nontoxic with LD50 of above 2000 (mg//kg body weight) when administered orally in mice. The plant extract has immunostimulatory activity with a significant increase (p<0.05) in white blood cell proliferation when administered into mice at doses of 50, 25 and 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: The result of this investigation supports the use of this plant for the traditional remedy of mouth and throat infections possibly caused by these test organisms. The extract can serve as lead in phytomedicine development for the treatment of throat related infections.

scholarly journals Time-kill kinetics and antibacterial activity of root extract of Adenodolichos paniculatus (Hua) Hutch & Dalz (Fabaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Friday I. Kyahar ◽  
Edith A. Onwuliri ◽  
Joseph O. Ehinmidu ◽  
Peters O. Oladosu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Time Kill

Medicinal plants have been used in treatment of illness from time immemorial. Adenodolichos paniculatus is a medicinal plant used for traditional remedy of sore throat infections. This study therefore, evaluated the antibacterial activities of the root extracts and time-kill kinetics of the most potent extract. Five extracts, obtained by maceration using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water sequentially were evaluated for antibacterial activities and time-kill kinetics against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Chloroform root extract at 100 mg/ml was active against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with zones of inhibition 25.00, 21.00 and 14.75 mm respectively but not against Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were 1.56, 6.25 and 25.00 mg/ml respectively and the minimum bactericidal concentrations were 3.12, 12.50 and 50.00 mg/ml. Complete elimination of S. pyogenes, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was achieved at concentrations 1.56 mg/ml, 6.25 mg/ml and 25.00 mg/ml within 300, 720 and 960 minutes exposure respectively and at concentrations 3.12 mg/ml, 25.00 mg/ml and 50.00 mg/ml within 180, 300 and 720 minutes exposure respectively. Chloroform root extract has the potential to be used as antibacterial agent and was better than the other solvent extract two-fold. Keywords: Adenodolichos paniculatus; Antibacterial activity; Time-kill kinetics; Percentage reduction, Log reduction

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activities of Isolated Bioactive Components from the plant Adenodolichos paniculatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-447
Author(s):  
A.E. Onwuliri ◽  
I.F. Kyahar ◽  
J.O. Ehinmidu ◽  
P.O. Oladosu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Component C

The three bioactive components isolated included: component A (major phytochemicals were Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (16.36 %), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ether (14.77 %) and 9.cis., 11.trans.-octadecadie noate (14.77 %), component B (major phytochemicals were 9,12-Octadecadienal (Linoleic acid) (40.98 %), Octadecanoic acid (Stearic acid) (9.26 %), Undecanoic acid, 10-bromo- (10-bromoudecanoic acid) (9.26 %) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid) and component C (cis-9-octadecenoic acid (Oleic Acid) (30.45 %), Octadecanoic acid (Stearic acid) (17.33 %)). These components isolated from the chloroform fraction of Adenodolichos paniculatus are used by traditional medicinal practitioners for the management of mouth and throat infections. The antibacterial activities against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated using bioautography and agar-well diffusion methods. The bioautogram result showed that component A had inhibited spots against S. pyogenes (17.50 mm) and P. aeruginosa (16.00 mm), corresponding to the TLC spots with Rf values of 0.594, 0.55 and 0.26, respectively. Component B showed inhibition spots against Streptococcus pyogenes (36.50 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (16.00 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.00 mm), corresponding to the TLC spots with Rf values 0.891, 0.87, 0.85 and 0.25, respectively. Component C showed inhibition spots against Streptococcus pyogenes (16.50 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (15.00 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.50 mm), corresponding to the TLC spots Rf values of 0.938, 0.44, 0.21 and 0.90, respectively. For the agar-well diffusion method, component A at 1 mg/ml inhibited Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growths with zones of inhibition 23.0, 19.5 and 17.50 mm, respectively. MIC and MBC of component A were 125, 250 and 250 and 250, 500 and 500 μg/ml, respectively. Component B at 1 mg/ml inhibited Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth with zones of inhibition 30.0, 28.0 and 18.5 mm, respectively. MIC and MBC of the compound B were 31, 62 and 125 and 62, 125 and 250 μg/ml, respectively. Component C at 1 mg/ml inhibited Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth with zones of inhibition 24.5, 20.5 and 17.0 mm, respectively. MIC and MBC of the component C were 62, 125 and 250 and 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml, respectively. This study confirmed that bioactive compounds of A. paniculatus root have antibacterial properties and support the use of this part of the plant as a traditional remedy for mouth and throat infections possibly caused by the test bacteria.

scholarly journals Characterization of Sesquiterpenes and Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from Piliostigma reticulatum (DL.) Hochst and Cleistopholis patens (Benth.) Engl & Diels against Shigella dysenteriae and Streptococcus pyogenes

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
A. O. Daniels ◽  
O. O. Owoyemi ◽  
O. Famurewa ◽  
J. O. Oluyege
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Piliostigma Reticulatum

Aim: The study characterized sesquiterpenes from the bark extracts of Piliostigma reticulatum and Cleistopholis patens and subsequently tested the extracts for their antibacterial activities. Methodology: Ground stem barks of P. reticulatum and C. patens were obtained and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract from both plants were screened for antibacterial activities against Shigella dysenteriae and Streptococcus pyogenes using the agar well diffusion method. Furthermore, fractions obtained from the crude extracts were also assayed for antibacterial efficacy using the disc diffusion method. The phyto-constituents of the extracts were identified using Gas chromatography and mass spectra (GC-MS) and subsequent characterization was achieved via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). Results: The results showed that P. reticulatum extract had more antibacterial activities on S. dysenteriae with zones of inhibition ranging from 6 mm – 14 mm while it had lesser inhibitory effect against S. pyogenes with zones of inhibition of 10 mm and 8 mm at concentrations of 100 mg/mL and 80 mg/mL respectively. However, C. patens was effective against S. pyogenes with zones of inhibition of 18 mm, 16 mm, 14 mm, 13 mm, and 8 mm at concentrations  of 100, 60, 40, 20 and 10 mg/mL respectively. Crude extracts from both plants exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared to purified fractions against test organisms. A number of five (5) Sesquiterpenes (azulenes, alpha and beta pinene, Germacrene D, Limonene, and Farnesol) were identified from the extracts of both plants. Conclusion: The presence of sesquiterpenes in P. reticulatum and C. patens could be responsible for the antibacterial activities on the test organisms (S. dysenteriae and S. pyogenes) evaluated in this study and subsequently justify their use in folkloric medicine. Hence, the extracts obtained from P. reticulatum and C. patens could be considered as a potential and rich source of antibacterial agent to control infections posed by the test organisms (S. dysenteriae and S. pyogenes).

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Honey on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes Isolated from Wound Pus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Honey Sample ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Treatment Of Wounds ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Antibacterial activity of honey obtained from an apiculture farm was tested on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogens isolated from wound pus was observed. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of honey on the test organisms. Moreover, the result was that the honey sample had heavy antibacterial activities against the test organisms, which was revealed by the zone of inhibition obtained. The antibacterial activity increased with the increase in concentrations of honey and showed a clear zone for both organisms. Therefore honey can be accepted as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of wounds, burns, bedsores, and ulcers.

Efektivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) Terhadap Bakteri Jerawat

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Nilda Lely ◽  
Arie Firdiawan ◽  
Septiani Martha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Propionibacterium Acne ◽  
B Test

A research to investigate antibacterial activities of the essential oil of Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum toward acne bacterials has been done. This study was aimed to compare antibacterial activities of the essential oil toward the growth of some bacteria contributing in acne formation. The separation of the essential oil was done by using destilation process method. From the separation, rendement of essential oil in Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum was 0.182% (v/b). Test of antibacterial activities of the essential oil was conducted using the agar diffusion method toward Propionibacterium acne, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis in some concentrations including 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. As result, higest concentration of the esssential oil (20%) resulted in biggest activities of Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum toward the bacterial growth marked by diameter of clear zone in the growth medium. The average of diameter of clear zone resulted from 20% essential oil was 20.1mm in Staphylococcus epidermidis; 19.3mm in Propionibacterium acne; 18.4mm in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 13.8mm in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antibacteria/ Antifungi Activities of Root and Shoot Extracts of Euphorbia hirta (Asthma Weed)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
L. A. Adjeroh ◽  
M. O. Nwachukwu ◽  
P. N. Abara ◽  
J. C. Nnokwe ◽  
J. N. Azorji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta

Medicinal plants, also called herbal medicine, have been used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. The phytochemical screening of root and shoot extracts of Euphorbia hirta plant commonly known as asthma weed was evaluated using soxhlet and aqueous extract as a solvent to determine the active components. Maceration method was used in extracting the active properties/component. Phytochemical screening of root and shoot extracts revealed presences of saponins, anthranoid anthroqunione, phenol, alkaloid, tannins, phylobatannins and cardiac glycoside. Antibacterial screening of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes, using disk diffusion method, showed that in both the aqueous root and shoot extract Streptococcus pyogenes has the highest zone of inhibition of 120 mg with 12mm while least is Escherichia coli that had no inhibition at all. The aqueous extract the root and shoot were more active than the soxhlet solution. Using the aqueous shoot extracts, Streptococcus at 120 mg with 12mm zone of inhibition of Staphylococcus at 90 mg with 9mm. While in the aqueous root extract, Staphylococcus aureus at 100 mg with 10mm, Streptococcus pyogenes at 90 mg with 9m and Salmonella typhi at 80mm with 8mm. Antifungal screening with clinical isolate of candida albicans had highest zone of inhibition 130 mg with 13mm at root aqueous extract while penicillium spp, Aspergillus, spp and Microsporium spp showed no zones of inhibition at both root and shoot extracts. The results obtained suggested that Euphorbia hirta plant can be used in the treatment of ailments caused by the test microorganisms, with particular attention being paid to its aqueous extract.

ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA IN VITRO DO EXTRATO AQUOSO, HIDROALCOÓLICO E ALCOÓLICO DE FOLHAS DE ESPÉCIES DA FAMÍLIA LAMIACEAE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlynne Freire Mendonça ◽  
José Klauber Roger Carneiro ◽  
Maria Auxiliadora Silva Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

Objetivos: avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana em extrato aquoso, hidroalcoólico e alcoólico das folhas de espécies da família Lamiaceae frente a bactérias de interesse. Método: Foram escolhidas quatro espécies: Ocimum gratissimum, Plectranthus amboinicus, Mentha arvensis e Plectranthus barbatus. A partir das folhas foram confeccionados os extratos aquoso, hidroalcoólico e alcoólico nas concentrações 100mg/mL, 50mg/mL e 25mg/mL. Foram selecionadas as bactérias Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa para os ensaios de antibiose em Ágar Mueller-Hinton. Resultados: P. barbatus, em seu extrato hidroalcoólico mostrou ativo nas três concentrações para bactéria S. aureus, e ainda foi ativo para P. aeruginosa, demonstrando no extrato alcoólico atividade frente as bactérias. Para M. arvensis e P. amboinicus, seus extratos hidroalcoólico e alcoólico apresentaram atividade para S. aureus. Conclusão: Sugere-se que as espécies em questão apresentem boa atividade antimicrobiana, sendo necessária a realização de mais estudos para melhor entender esse mecanismo.

Ethanol Extract Of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban Leaves Effectively Inhibit Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Invitro Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Dini Aulia Azmi ◽  
Nurlailah Nurlailah ◽  
Ratih Dewi Dwiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Independent Variable

Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are some of the causes of infectious diseases. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban has many benefits for humans, including overcoming fever, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to determine the inhibition of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves ethanol extract on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This research is the initial stage of the development of herbal medicines to treat Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The independent variable was the concentration of ethanol extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves and the dependent variable was the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The anti-bacterial activity test was carried out by the liquid dilution method. The concentrations used are 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%. 100% The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Streptococcus pyogenes: 40% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 40%. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) results for Streptococcus pyogenes: 60% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 60%. So it can be concluded that there is inhibition of the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban extract has potential as herbal medicine against bacterial infections but requires further research to determine its effect in vivo.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTINOMYCETES FROM SOIL OF AD-DAWADMI, SAUDI ARABIA AND SCREENING THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gouse Basha Sheik ◽  
Muazzam Sheriff Maqbul ◽  
Gokul Shankar S. ◽  
Ranjith M S
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Objective: To isolate and characterize novel actinomycetes and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteriaMethods: In the present study, 19 soil samples were collected from different localities of Ad-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia. Actinomycetes were isolated from these samples using serial dilution and plating method on Actinomycetes isolation agar supplemented with nalidixic acid and actidione to inhibit bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts of potential actinomycetes were produced by submerged fermentation. The antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of actinomycetes was tested against different bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. Characterization of the isolates was done by morphological, physiological and biochemical methods.Results: A total of 9 (47%) isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from 19 different soil samples tested. Among them, 4 (44%) isolates confirmed as Streptomyces sp. showed potential antimicrobial activity against one or more test organisms. Crude extracts were made from these 4 actinomycetes isolates(DOM1, DOM3, DP3, DP4)and tested for their antibacterial activities against 4 different clinical bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus). Crude extract from DP3 isolate showed highest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (28 mm, 21 mm, 20 mm and 18 mm) respectively and DP4 showed lowest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (14 mm, 12 mm, 0 mm, 6 mm) respectively. The highest zone of inhibition was shown by DP3 against Staphylococcus aureus (28 mm) and Escherichia coli was resistant for DP4. Most of the Inhibition zones produced by crude extracts showed significant differences when compared with control, tested against test organisms (P<0.05). Inhibition zones produced by DP3 and DOM1 against Staphylococcus aureus were 28 mm and 23 mm, respectively which were strong active when compared with control Ciprofloxacin (18 mm).Conclusion: Further studies for purification of bioactive metabolites and molecular characterization analysis of isolated Streptomyces sp. are in progress which would be helpful in discovering novel compounds of commercial value.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document