scholarly journals Evaluation of Pharmacognostic Characteristics of the Leaf of Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Compositae

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
G. O. Alade ◽  
A. Frank ◽  
G. S. Uwakwe ◽  
O. O. Awotona ◽  
K. K. Ajibesin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Quality Control Parameters ◽  
Palisade Cells

Background: It is a well-known fact that therapeutic efficacy and safety of medicinal plants depend on the quality and quantity of chemical constituents and that the misuse of medicinal plants starts with wrong identification.Objectives: The aim of this study is to establish some pharmacognostic standards for Ageratum houstonianum Mill (Compositae) which has high medicinal values, with a view to determining the proper identification and other quality control parameters of the plant.Method: The fresh leaf and powdered leaves were subjected to macroscopy and microscopy using standard procedures. In addition, some physicochemical evaluations such as moisture content, ash and soluble extractives were carried out on the powdered leaves.Results: The result shows that the leaf is simple, pinnate, diamond shaped, serrated margin, acute apex and asymetrical base. Microscopically, the leaf is amphistomatic in nature with anomocytic and anisocytic stomata at the adaxial and anomocytic and diacytic at the abaxial surface. Non-glandular uniseriate trichomes are present on both surfaces. The transverse section across the midrib shows epidermis, collenchyma, palisade cells and a few rolls of phloem around the xylem vessels. The stomata numbers and stomata indices for the upper and lower surface, respectively are1.4 and 10.2 and 2.9 and 15.6. Moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, sulphated ash, water soluble and alcohol soluble extractives yields 10.3%, 15.2%, 0.8%, 20.2%, 14.4% and 5.1%, respectively.Conclusion: The findings in this study are useful for establishing standards suitable for official monographs on Ageratum houstonianum proper identification and quality control. Keywords: Pharmacognostic standards, Ageratum houstonianum, Quality control

scholarly journals Phytopharmacognostic Evaluation of the Leaves OF Gnetum africanum Welw (Gnetaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Romanus A. Umoh ◽  
Uwemedimo F. Umoh ◽  
Imoh I. Johnny ◽  
Omodot T. Umoh ◽  
Victor U. Anah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Stomatal Number

Background: Gnetum africanum Welw (Gnetaceae) also called African salad and Afang in Ibibio language is an evergreen, perennial, shade-tolerant vine with woody stems which can climb up to 12m or more from a tuberous root-stock. It has culinary and medicinal importance. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacognostic parameters of Gnetum africanum. Methods: The leaves were identified, collected, air-dried, pulverized, weighed and subjected to the evaluation of its microscopy, micromeritics, chemomicroscopy, fluorescence, soluble extractive values, moisture content and ash values using standard procedures. Results: The results obtained from microscopy revealed that the leaf has brachyparacytic, stomata, 3-5 armed and stellate trichromes on the abaxial surface. The epidermal cell wall pattern was undulate on the abaxial surface and sinuous on the adaxial surface. Stomatal number was found to be 3.1 ± 0.25 on the abaxial surface and Stomatal index was found to be 16.8% on the abaxial surface. The micromeritics analysis of the leaf powder revealed passable flow with the angle of repose of 420. The result of chemomicroscopy of the leaf revealed the presence of mucilage, lignin, calcium oxalate crystals, starch and oil. For water-soluble extractive value, the result was 13.25%w/w, methanol-soluble extractive value 4.25%w/w, ethanol-soluble extractive value 4%w/w, moisture content 10.5%w/w, total ash value was 5%w/w, acid-insoluble ash value 1%w/w, water-soluble ash value 2%w/w and sulfated- ash value 6% w/w. Conclusion: The results obtained from the pharmacognostic study provides information for the identity, quality and purity of Gnetum africanum.

scholarly journals Micromorphological and Pharmacognostic Studies of Leaf and Stem of Solenostemon monostachyus P. Beauv (Lamiaceae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 230-240
Author(s):  
Romanus A. Umoh ◽  
Imoh I. Johnny ◽  
Anwanabasi E. Udoh ◽  
Nsima A. Andy ◽  
Affiong C. Essien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Quality Control Parameters ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Microscopic Studies

Solenostemon monostachyus P. Beauv (Lamiaceae), it’s ethnomedical uses include anti-plasmodial, anti-pyretic, antiulcerogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities. The aim of this study was to employ the quality control parameters in the evaluation of the leaf and stem of Solenostemon monostachyus to aid in the identification and standardization of the medicinal plant. The plant leaves and stems were collected, identified, air-dried, pulverized and stored in separate glass containers. Standard procedures were employed to obtain the microscopic features of the fresh and powdered samples, micromeritic, chemomicroscopy, fluorescence properties, moisture contents, ash values and soluble extractive values. The results of the microscopic studies using fresh and powdered leaf samples revealed the presence of diacytic stomata on both the abaxial and adaxial surfaces (amphistomatic), with stomatal index of 27.9% and 14.8% respectively. The result of the micromeritics properties of the powdered leaf and stem samples showed angles of repose of 38.0o and 46.0o, Carr’s index of 23.7% and 32.5% and Hausner’s ratios of 1.3 and 1.5 respectively. Results for the moisture content, total, acid-insoluble and water-soluble ash values were 11.7%w/w, 13.7%w/w, 1.8%w/w and 9.4%w/w for the leaf and 13.3%w/w, 17.3%w/w, 1.8%w/w and 9.2%w/w for the stem respectively. Extractive values for water-soluble, methanol-soluble and ethanol-soluble were 26.5%w/w, 32.3%w/w, 14.5%w/w and 15.5%w/w, 15.8%w/w and 14.5%w/w for the leaf and stem respectively. Chemomicroscopy indicated the presence of lignin, calcium oxalate crystals and protein in the leaf and stem. The results obtained therefore could be used to establish pharmacopoeial standard for the fresh and powdered drug products of Solenostemon monostachyus, thus preventing adulteration.

scholarly journals An impact of Mardana- A comperative study on Arogyavardhini Rasa

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Yuga Raj Sapkota ◽  
◽  
Prashant Bedarakar ◽  
Galib ◽  
V.J. Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Quality Control Parameters ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Chromatographic Fingerprinting

Background: Arogyavardhini Rasa (AVR); a Kharaliya Rasakalpa containing rasavarga dravya (metallomineral ingredients) is widely used Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation having broad spectrum therapeutic indications. Current research is first effort to scientifically document quality control parameters of this important formulation. Aim: To establish a comparative pharmaceutico - analytical profile of AVR prepared with and without its metallomineral ingredients. Materials & Methods: Arogyavardhini Rasa (AVR) and modified Arogyavardhini Rasa (MAVR) without addition of its metallomineral ingredients were prepared and investigated for Physico-chemical parameters, qualitative tests for functional groups, Chromatography, quantitative elemental analysis by ICP-AES. Results & Discussion: An average of 2500ml Swarasa was required for optimum Mardana in both formulations. HPTLC study revealed a total of 11 and 8 bands at 254nm and 366nm in each AVR and MAVR with only two similar Rf values. Samples AVR, MAVR and MAVR with addition of Rasa Dhatukajjali showed 1.5226, 0.0117 and 1.703 % of mercury respectively. Conclusion: Mardana play significant role in development of Kharaliya Rasakalpa Both the formulations showed different through physicochemical profiles and ICP-AES analysis. Differences in chromatographic fingerprinting of AVR and MAVR are suggestive of changes in chemical constituents of the formulation due to addition of metallo minerals.

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES ON FLOWERS OF DREGEA VOLUBILIS: EVALUATION FOR AUTHENTICATION AND STANDARDIZATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
BHASKAR DAS ◽  
ARNAB DE ◽  
PIU DAS ◽  
AMALESH NANDA ◽  
AMALESH SAMANTA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chromatographic Study ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Quality Control Parameters ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Detailed Work

Objective: The various parts of Dregea volubilis (Family: Apocynaceae), locally known as Jukti (Bengali), are commonly used in Indian system of medicine to treat various ailments such as inflammation, piles, leukoderma, asthma, and tumors. Literature review suggested that there has been no detailed work on systemic pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies done on the flowers of the plant. The present study is aimed to lay down quality control parameters for D. volubilis flowers to confirm its identity, quality, and purity. Methods: The present work was designed to study detailed organoleptic, histological, quantitative standards, physicochemical, spectroscopic, and chromatographic characteristics of the flowers of D. volubilis. Results: The total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, loss on drying, water, and alcohol soluble extractive values were found to be 11.767±0.130% (w/w), 1.287±0.106% (w/w), 9.140±0.344% (w/w), 14.110±0.061% (w/w), 21.600±0.133% (w/v), and 9.603±0.104% (w/v), respectively. Phytochemical screening of different extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolics. The chromatographic study revealed the presence of rhamnose (103.229±4.994 μg/g), fructose (738.670±25.714 μg/g), glucose (285.532±24.465 μg/g), and maltose (49.082±5.206 μg/g). Conclusion: The characterization parameters of the present study may serve as a reference standard for proper authentication, identification and for distinguishing the plant from its adulterants.

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF HELICTERES ISORA ROOTS

2016 ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Sharma ◽  
Urmila Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Helicteres Isora

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: Helicteres isora Linn. roots have been reported to use in microbial infection, diabetes, dysentery colic, scabies, wound healing, and<br />gastropathy. The main objective of this study was preliminary phytochemical screening of various fractions of H. isora roots.<br />Methods: In this study, pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigations on the various fractions of H. isora roots were carried out with the<br />standard procedures.<br />Results: The pharmacognostic analysis revealed moisture content (0.18%), total ash (4%), acid insoluble ash (1%), and water soluble ash (1.5%). The<br />qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponin,<br />steroids, terpenoids, and tannins.<br />Conclusion: H. isora roots are a rich source of various biological active constituents. H. isora may be further investigated for the isolation of bioactive<br />compound that could be developed into drug for the treatment of various human diseases.<br />Keywords: Helicteres isora, Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Roots.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Review on “Standardization an Imp Tool for Herbal Drug Development”

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rucha Rathod ◽  
Raman R. Chandak
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Quality Control Parameters ◽  
Multiple Chemical

The medicinal plants are important source for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Medicinal plants & herbal medicines account for a significant percentage of the pharmaceutical market. There is increasing awareness and general acceptability of the use of herbal drugs in today’s medical practice although most of these applications are not scientific. Herbal medicines are not a simple task since many factors influence the biological efficacy and Reproducible therapeutic effect. So it is necessary to improve safety of herbal drugs by developing certain quality control parameters & by following the WHO guidelines for herbal medicines. This review seeks to enlighten the need to establish quality parameters for collection, handling, processing and production of herbal medicine as well as employ such parameters in ensuring the safety of the global herbal market. It is necessary to introduce measures on the regulation of herbal medicines to ensure quality, safety, efficacy of herbal medicines by using modern suitable standards & GMP. The processes of good quality assurance and standardization of herbal medicines and products using various spectroscopic, chromatographic and electrophoretic methods were also discussed. In fact, the research field of quality control of herbal medicines is really an interdisciplinary research. It needs crossover of chemistry, pharmacology, medicine and even statistics to provide a platform for the quality control of traditional herbal medicines and further to discover the novel therapeutics composed of multiple chemical compounds. Keywords: Herbal drugs, Adulteration, Standardization, Chromatography, Electrophoresis, HP-LC and GC-MS.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Phytochemical Examination of Medicinal Plants Used in Indigenous System of Medicine

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
M. K. Santosh ◽  
D. Shaila ◽  
T. Chandrakumar ◽  
I. Rajyalakshmi ◽  
I. Sanjeeva Rao
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Flavonoid Glycoside ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Physicochemical Study ◽  
Phytochemical Study

The present paper deals with the physicochemical and phytochemical examination of seventy-six medicinal plants belonging to thirty-six dicot and six monocot families. These are used in indigenous system of medicine as well as local inhabitants either as single drugs or in combination, for the cure of various ailments. In physicochemical study, the parameters such as moisture content,pH (1% aqueous), total ash, acid insoluble ash, water-soluble extractive and alcohol soluble extractive were carried out. The preliminary phytochemical study was done for the detection of secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, phenol, saponin, resin, steroid and tannin. The preliminary phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloid and saponin in 68.4%; flavonoid in 44.7%; glycoside, phenol and steroid in 72.37%; resin in 60.5% and tannin in 71% of selected medicinal plants.

In-vivo evaluation of lipid lowering ability of Chloris paraguaiensis extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Control

Hyperlipidemia is the immediate results of the excessive fat intake in food. This results in the elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. This leads to heart conditions like CAD, hypertension, congestive heart failure as risk factors which can be lethal. There are many drugs to treat and control the lipids levels in the body. These drugs are either designed to prevent LDL accumulation and VLDL synthesis. Some drugs also lower the elevated levels of saturated lipids in the body. But many drugs are known to cause side effects and adverse effects; therefore, alternatives to the drugs are the subjects for current investigations. Herbs and medicinal plants are used as treatment sources for many years. They have been used in the Indian medical systems like Ayurveda, Siddha etc. As the application of herbs in the treatment is growing, there is an urgent need for the establishment of Pharmacological reasoning and standardization of the activity of the medicinal plants. Chloris paraguaiensis Steud. is Poyaceae member that is called locally as Uppugaddi. Traditionally it is used to treat Rheumatism, Diabetes, fever and diarrhoea. The chemical constituents are known to have anti-oxidant properties and most of the anti-oxidants have anti-hyperlipidemic activity too. Since the plant has abundant flavonoid and phenol content, the current research focusses on the investigation of the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the plant Chloris extracts. Extracts of Chloris at 200mg/kg showed a comparably similar anti hyperlipidemia activity to that of the standard drug. The extracts showed a dose based increase in the activity at 100 and 200mg/kg body weight.

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