scholarly journals The effect of urea treated cassava peels as supplement to West African Dwarf (WAD) goats grazing natural pasture

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
DV Uza ◽  
RE Barde ◽  
JA Ayoade
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Cassava Peels

Rumen characteristics and blood parameters of West African dwarf goats fed vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanoides. L. Roberty) ensiled with cassava peels at different ratio

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-370
Author(s):  
O. O. Falola ◽  
O. O. Olufayo
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
West African ◽  
Vetiver Grass ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Dwarf Goats

Vetiver is a perennial grass of tropical origin, commonly used as edge row plants for the control of erosion. Being leafy and with a high tillering ability, it has not been properly integrated as forage for ruminants. Thus, an experiment was carried out to determine the effect of ensiling a four week re-growth of vetiver grass with cassava peels on rumen and blood metabolites of West African dwarf goats. Sixteen goats were used for the study. A completely randomized design was used with four animals per treatment. Vetiver grass was ensiled with cassava peels at ratio (A) 80:20, (B) 70:30, (C) 60:40 and (D) 50:50 were provided ad-libtum at 5% body weight. Rumen and blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment which lasted for 90 days. Results of the study showed rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration of 7.25-7.93mg/100mL, and pH of 6.75-6.81. Variations among the treatments were within the acceptable range for rumen microbial activity. There was a uniformly low plasma urea (4.36-5.16mm/l). Glucose (85.36-89.04g/dL), total protein (6.42- 7.50g/dL), cholesterol (60.95-66.19g/dL), haemoglobin (10.9-12.7g/100ml), packed cell volume (30.0-31.0%) and white blood cell (10.25-10.67×103/ul) were within the range reported for healthy goats. Ensiled vetiver grass with cassava peels had no detrimental effects on the rumen and blood parameters of the experimental animals.

scholarly journals Silage quality, growth performance and haematology of West African dwarf goats fed Moringa oleifera leaves ensiled with cassava peels

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
S. M. Odeyinka ◽  
T. O. Abegunde ◽  
M. O. Ofoegbu ◽  
O. J. Apanisile
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
West African ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
Cassava Peels

Forage scarcity in the dry season is challenging for ruminant production in the tropics. The utilization of browse species, particularly as silage can bridge this gap. In this study, the potentials of Moringa oleifera leaves ensiled with varying levels of cassava peels as dry season feed for West African dwarf (WAD) goats were assessed. Different mixtures of Moringa oleifera leaves and cassava peels were ensiled and designated as follows: T1= 100% Moringa, T2= 60% Moringa + 40% Cassava peels, T3= 40% Moringa + 60% Cassava peels, T4= 50% Moringa + 50% Cassava peels, T5= 100% Cassava peels. Chemical composition and silage characteristics were investigated. Twenty five WAD goats with average body weights of 6.02±0.71 kg were used in the growth study that lasted 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected from the goats through the jugular vein for haematological status at the beginning and end of the experiment. Chemical composition of the silage diets showed that it contained 27.79 – 36.26 % dry matter (DM), 7.45 – 22.25 % crude protein (CP), 8.92 – 16.45 % crude fibre (CF), 2.55 – 7.01 % ether extract (EE), 6.10 – 10.08 % ash content, 42.40 - 68.14 % Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE). Appearance, odour and texture of the silage had acceptable physical attributes with pH values ranging from 3.53 – 5.80. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly (P<0.05) affected by diets while Average daily weight gain (ADWG) was significantly improved in T3 (40% M. oleifera + 60% cassava peels) than in others. White blood cells (WBC) ranged from 5.88 x109/L in T2 to 13.77 x109/L in T4. Red blood Cells (RBC) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV %) were not significantly (P<0.05) affected by diets. It was concluded that Moringa oleifera leaves and cassava peels silage with 40% Moringa oleifera as additive elicited the best performance indices in WAD goats fed diets consisting of mixtures of Moringa oleifera leaves and cassava peels ensiled together in graded levels or alone and did not affect animals negatively in terms of their haematological components.     Moringa, T2= 60% Moringa + 40% Pelures de manioc, T3= 40% Moringa + 60% Pelures de manioc, T4= 50% Moringa + 50% Pelures de manioc, T5= 100% Pelures de manioc. Des caractéristiques chimiques de composition et d'ensilage ont été étudiées. Vingt-cinq chèvres 'WAD' avec un poids corporel moyen de 6,02±0,71 kg ont été utilisées dans l'étude de croissance qui a duré 12 semaines. Des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés sur les chèvres par la veine jugulaire pour le statut hématologique au début et à la fin de l'expérience. La composition chimique des régimes d'ensilage a montré qu'elle contenait 27.79 – 36,26 % de matière sèche (DM), 7.45 à 22.25 % de protéines brutes (CP), 8.45 à 22.25 % de protéines brutes (le 'CP'), 8.45 92 – 16.45 % de fibres brutes (le 'CF'), 2.55 à 7.01 % d'extrait d'éther (le 'EE'), 6.10 à 10.08 % de cendres, 42.40 - 68.14 % Extrait sans azote (le 'NFE'). L'apparence, l'odeur et la texture de l'ensilage avaient des attributs physiques acceptables avec des valeurs de pH allant de 3.53 à 5.80. L'apport quotidien moyen en aliments (le 'ADFI') et le ratio de conversion des aliments pour animaux (le 'FCR') n'ont pas été significativement (P<0.05) affectés par les régimes alimentaires, tandis que le gain quotidien moyen de poids (le 'ADWG') a été sensiblement amélioré en T3 (40 % M. oleifera + 60 % de pelures de manioc) que dans d'autres. Les globules blancs (le 'WBC') allaient de 5,88 x109/L en T2 à 13.77 x109/L en T4. Les globules rouges (le 'RBC') et volume de cellules emballées (le 'PCV' %) n'ont pas été significativement (P<0.05) affectés par les régimes. On a conclu que les feuilles de Moringaoleifera et l'ensilage des pelures de manioc avec 40 % de Moringaoleifera comme additif ont obtenu les meilleurs indices de performance chez les chèvres WAD nourries à des régimes composés de mélanges de feuilles de Moringaoleifera et de pelures de manioc ensilées ensemble ou seuls et n'affectaient pas négativement les animaux en termes de composantes hématologiques.

Nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation of dried cassava peels and brewers dried grains based diets by West African dwarf (WAD) sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
TO Ososanya ◽  
UA Inyang
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Fermentation Kinetics ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Cassava Peels

In the tropics, supplementing concentrates with grasses, especially during the dry season could improve protein to energy ratio in ruminants thereby improving optimum production. Also, supplementation with a protein source enhances the production capacity of ruminants. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation kinetics of Panicum maximum supplemented with brewers dried grains and dried cassava peels based diets by West African Dwarf (WAD) lambs. Nine lambs of about 9 months in age and bodyweight ranging from 10.5kg-16.5kg were randomly divided into 3 groups and assigned to the following diets: Diet 1-100% Panicum maximum, Diet 2 - 81% DCP + 13.50% PKC + 2% Oyster shell + 2% Salt + 1.50% Premix and Diet 3 - 81% BDG + 13.50% PKC + 2% Oyster shell + 2% Salt and 1.50 Premix. Result showed that animals on diet 1recorded the least significant (p< 0.05) dry matter digestibility (55.00%) to those on diets 2 and diet 3. Animals on diet 3 recorded the best crude protein digestibility (66.88%) which was significantly different (p<0.05) from those on diets 1 and 2 (53.04% and 56.79%). Animals on diet 1 recorded the highest significant (p<.0.05) amount of ammonia nitrogen at O and 4hours post feeding. The same trend seems to occur for volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate) at O hour post feeding. However, at 4 hour post feeding, animals on diet 3 recorded a slight numerical advantage over other animals. It can therefore be deduced from this study that diet 3 was most preferred as evident from the chemical composition of the feed and nutrient digestibility of the lambs.Keywords: Dried cassava peels, brewer’s dried grains, digestibility, fermentation kinetics and lambs.

The performance of West African Dwarf does and their kids at various stocking densities on stylo-based pasture in the subhumid zone of Nigeria

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Iji ◽  
N. N. Umunna ◽  
J. P. Alawa ◽  
O. A. Ikwuegbu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
West African ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYTwo studies were conducted between 1991 and 1993 to assess the impact of grazing improved v. natural pasture at different stocking densities on animal and vegetation responses. In the first grazing season, goats of the West African Dwarf (WAD) breed were grazed at four stocking densities – 1·90, 2·86, 3·86 or 4·71 TLU/ha (Tropical Livestock Unit = 250 kg liveweight). Wet-season grazing lasted for 14 weeks while assessment was continued until kids were weaned at 120 days of age. There were significant (P < 0·05) changes in the content of legume and forbs in response to variations in stocking density. Liveweight gain per head was significantly (P < 0·05) higher at low than at high stocking density. The same trend was maintained with most aspects of reproductive performance. Goats at low stocking density were of a higher (P < 0·05) body condition score at parturition and had larger litter sizes than does stocked at high stocking density. Kid birth weight and liveweight gain were significantly (P < 0·001) higher at low than at high stocking density. The overall weight loss in does during nursing was similar at the different stocking densities.In the following year, comparisons were made between three stocking densities, 2·11, 3·17 and 4·23 TLU/ha, on improved and unimproved pastures. Over 14 weeks of wet-season grazing, there was a significant (P < 0·01) decline in available dry matter except at the lowest stocking density on both pasture types. Weight gain per head decreased with increase in stocking density while the reverse was true for weight gain per unit of land. No significant differences were observed for reproductive performance between pasture types or stocking densities. Kid growth rate up to weaning declined with increase in stocking density (P < 0·001) while kid mortality rose with increase in stocking density (P < 0·01). Weight losses in nursing does were higher (P < 0·05) at low than at high stocking density.

scholarly journals Dry matter acceptability and digestibility of nutrient by West African dwarf Rams fed polyenzyme treated cassava peel and corn cob based diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
O. D. Olamilusi ◽  
J. D. Olotu ◽  
O. O. Eniolorunda
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Cassava Peel

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyenzyme treated corn cob based diet on the dry matter acceptability and nutrient digestibility by West African dwarf rams. Sixteen (16) rams were used in a completely randomized design, comprising of 4 per treatment in metabolic cages for digestibility while for acceptability each animal was allotted to a pen and the cafeteria feeding method employed. The dietary treatments were: T1 (cassava peel untreated); T2 (corn cob untreated); T3 (polyenzyme treated cassava peel) and T4 (polyenzyme treated corn cob) respectively. The result for dry matter acceptability showed that T3 had the highest value for dry matter intake (979.20g/h/d); coefficient of preference (1.06) and percentage of preference (26.44%). Significant (p<0.05) difference were obtained for the digestibility percentages of all the proximate nutrients. The digestibility values recorded for T3 was the highest (P<0.05) for DM (78.81), CP (81.91), CF (70.24), EE (37.40), NEF (80.05), NDF (76.99) and ADF (71.69). However, it is recorded that inclusions of polyenzyme to cassava peel and corncob have a promising acceptability, enhanced and efficiently utilized by sheep. The study shown that treatment of cassava peels and corn cob with polyenzyme improved and sustain ruminants during period of feeds insufficiency. Also, provide a better utilization of wasteful cassava peel and corn cob to feedstuff so as to improve farmers that practice intensive ruminant management.

scholarly journals Nutritive Value and Preference of Guinea-Grass Ensiled with or without Additive by West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
T. O. Abegunde ◽  
S. O. Babalola ◽  
B. T. Adeoye ◽  
A. O. Usman ◽  
O. M. Akinfemi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
West African ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Silage Additives ◽  
Cassava Peels

A study was designed to investigate silage additives’ effect on preference and nutritive value of five weeks re-growth guinea grass by West African dwarf (WAD) goats. The silages of five weeks re-growth guinea grass were made without additive (T1), with cassava peels additive (T2), and with fermented epiphytic juice of lactic acid bacteria in Panicum maximum (FEJPM) additive (T3). The effects of silage additives on preference, voluntary feed intake, growth, digestibility, and nitrogen utilization were assessed using 18 growing WAD goats (BW: 5.88±0.26 kg) in a completely randomized design. Dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 silage (40.70 g/100g) than in T1 silage (39.00) and T3 silage (34.60). Crude protein values were similar (p>0.05) in T1 and T3 silages (10.63 and 10.72 g/100g DM) that were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in T2 silage (12.54 g/100g DM). The silages of guinea grass had acceptable physical attributes in terms of color, odor, and texture, with pH values ranging from 3.87- 4.97. T1 and T3 silages were rejected, whereas T2 silage was accepted well by the experimental WAD goats. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly (p<0.05) the highest in the WAD goats fed T2 silage (303.30 g/day), and the lowest (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (271.60 g/day). Similar to the ADFI, the highest average daily gain (ADG) was found in WAD goats fed T2 silage (37.25 g/day), and the lowest ADG (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (24.50 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of WAD goats fed T2 silage (8.15) was superior to those of WAD goats fed T1 silage (13.63) and T3 silage (9.66). Crude protein and dry matter digestibility values were higher (p<0.05) in WAD goat fed T2 silage (68.24 and 63.87%, respectively) than in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen intake and balance were significantly (p<0.05) the highest in WAD goats fed T2 silage (12.41 and 8.68 g/day, respectively), and these variables were similar in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen retention was not affected by the silage additives. It was concluded that cassava peels were better than FEJPM as a silage additive since it improved fermentative quality, acceptability, feed intake, and digestibility of guinea grass silage by WAD goats.

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