Influence of Kosher (Shechita) and conventional slaughter techniques on shear force, drip and cooking loss of beef

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different ageing times before deboning (deboning time) and ageing times after deboning (holding time) on the quality (sensory attributes and texture) and cooking loss of chicken breast marinated, cooked and frozen using a continuous process.The following3² experimental design was used (3 deboning times: zero, 6 and 12 hours; and 3 holding times: zero, 12 and 24 hours). Brine absorption, chicken breast pH and cooking loss were evaluated, a sensory analysis was carried out and the shear force was determined. The deboning and holding times did not significantly influence brine absorption and pH, but did significantly influence cooking loss, where the lowest value obtained was a mean of 19.72% for deboning times of 6 or 12 hours and a holding time of 24 hours. A deboning time of 6 hours was sufficient to improve tenderness as measured by a sensory analysis and shear force determination.

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Pengaruh Dosis Injeksi Antemortem Papain Kasar terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan Organoleptik Daging Ayam Petelur Afkir pada Jenis Otot yang Berbeda

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.10.2.100-107 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 100 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Agustin Widiastuti ◽

Pudjomartatmo Pudjomartatmo ◽

Adi Magna Patriadi Nuhriawangsa

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Shear Force ◽

Laying Hen ◽

Cooking Loss ◽

Thigh Muscle ◽

Body Parts ◽

Breast Meat ◽

Organoleptic Quality ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Production

The research was aimed to observe the effect of antemortem injection dose of crude papain, muscle part and its interaction on physical and organoleptic qualities post production laying hen meat. The sample used were the breast and thighs from 20 hens on average age 82 weeks. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) used Factorial Pattern 4 x 2. Factor A consisted A1: without papain (control); A2: 1 mg papain/ kg BW; A3: 2 mg papain/ kg BW and A4: 3 mg papain/ kg BW, factor B consisted B1: breast muscle and B2: thigh muscle. The datas were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and continued by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that injection of crude papain dose gave highly significant difference (P<0.01) to all variables except tensile strength (P<0.05). Body parts gave highly significant difference (P<0.01) on shear force, tensile strength, WHC, cooking loss, organoleptic (shear force, texture and juice), and hedonic (P<0.05). The interaction was found between injection of crude papain dose and body part on WHC, organoleptic and hedonic (P<0.01), cooking loss (P<0.05). Dose of 3 mg/kg WB in thigh and breast meat has the best quality and the organoleptic quality of the combination of papain injection of 3 mg/kg WB in breast meat and 2 mg/kg WB in thigh meat has the best quality.Keywords: antemortem injection, crude papain, physical and organoleptic quality, post production laying hen meat

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Reproducibility and correlation between meat shear force measurements by Warner-Bratzler machine and a texturometer

International Journal of Food Studies ◽

10.7455/ijfs.v5i2.348 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lucas Arantes-Pereira ◽

Flávia C. Vargas ◽

Júlio C.C. Balieiro ◽

Ana Monica Q.B. Bittante ◽

Paulo J.A. Sobral

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Proximate Composition ◽

Shear Force ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Cooking Loss ◽

Force Measurements ◽

Regression Curves ◽

Sensory Characteristic ◽

Psoas Major ◽

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Tenderness has a prominent position on meat quality and is considered to be the sensory characteristic that most influences meat acceptance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and determine correlations among three different meat shear force techniques. Commercial samples of bovine Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (BLTL), Tensor fasciae latae (BTFL), Semitendinosus (BST), Psoas major (BPM), Biceps femoris (BBF) and swine Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (PLTL) were analyzed for pH, proximate composition, cooking loss and shear force with a classical Warner-Bratzler device and a TA-XT2 Texturometer equipped with shear blades 1 and 3 mm thick. The effect of different techniques in each studied muscle was statistically analyzed and regression curves were built. Results from the 1 mm blade were quite similar to the ones obtained with the Warner-Bratzler, however the results from 3 mm blade were overestimated (p<0.05). Significant correlation (p<0.01) among shear force technique using Warner-Bratzler and the ones using the Texturometer was observed (0.47 for 1 mm blade and 0.57 for the 3 mm blade). In conclusion, we found that the 1 mm blade and the Warner-Bratzler machine are reproducible for all tested muscles, while the 3 mm blade is not reproducible for the BTFL, BST, BPM, BBF, PLTL. There is a significant correlation between the results obtained by the classical Warner-Bratzler and the TA-XT2 Texturometer equipped with both blades. Therefore, TA-XT2 Texturometer equipped with the 1mm blade can perfectly replace the traditional Warner-Bratzler device.

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Pengaruh Dosis Injeksi Antemortem Papain Kasar terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan Organoleptik Daging Ayam Petelur Afkir pada Jenis Otot yang Berbeda

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v10i2.4880 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Agustin Widiastuti ◽

Pudjomartatmo Pudjomartatmo ◽

Adi Magna Patriadi Nuhriawangsa

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Shear Force ◽

Laying Hen ◽

Cooking Loss ◽

Thigh Muscle ◽

Body Parts ◽

Breast Meat ◽

Organoleptic Quality ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Production

The research was aimed to observe the effect of antemortem injection dose of crude papain, muscle part and its interaction on physical and organoleptic qualities post production laying hen meat. The sample used were the breast and thighs from 20 hens on average age 82 weeks. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) used Factorial Pattern 4 x 2. Factor A consisted A1: without papain (control); A2: 1 mg papain/ kg BW; A3: 2 mg papain/ kg BW and A4: 3 mg papain/ kg BW, factor B consisted B1: breast muscle and B2: thigh muscle. The datas were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and continued by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that injection of crude papain dose gave highly significant difference (P<0.01) to all variables except tensile strength (P<0.05). Body parts gave highly significant difference (P<0.01) on shear force, tensile strength, WHC, cooking loss, organoleptic (shear force, texture and juice), and hedonic (P<0.05). The interaction was found between injection of crude papain dose and body part on WHC, organoleptic and hedonic (P<0.01), cooking loss (P<0.05). Dose of 3 mg/kg WB in thigh and breast meat has the best quality and the organoleptic quality of the combination of papain injection of 3 mg/kg WB in breast meat and 2 mg/kg WB in thigh meat has the best quality.Keywords: antemortem injection, crude papain, physical and organoleptic quality, post production laying hen meat

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83 Tenderness and cooking loss of beef loins

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz053.060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 27-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robin G Coombs ◽

C R Richardon

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Shear Force ◽

Quality Attributes ◽

Grocery Store ◽

Cooking Loss ◽

Longissimus Muscle ◽

Internal Temperature ◽

Regional Area ◽

Resting Period

Abstract The focus of this study involved measuring two variables of meat quality: tenderness and cooking loss. Experiments were conducted on a premium cut of meat – the loin. The loin contains the Longissimus muscle, with pieces of the Iliocostalis and Spinalis dorsi muscles. The Longissimus muscle was cored for tenderness. Two sources of loins were evaluated: Akaushi breed, and from a commercial grocery store. Meat used consisted of Akaushi loins from 6 different animals (prime grade) and one select grade loin (control). The protocol involved dividing each loin into 6 (907-1134g) roasts, cooking at 104.40 C (to internal temperature of 73.90 C), measuring by weight the cooking loss of the roasts after a 30-minute resting period, and determining tenderness by Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) (after overnight storage in a cooler). Cores were taken at 6 different locations of the roast, over the same regional area for WBSF determinations. The WBSF coring instrument used was provided. Tenderness of each loin was measured in 36 cores (n = 36). In overall tenderness, the control loin ranked third out of the seven loins and had the least amount of cooking loss. No differences were found in tenderness (P > 0.05). However, a difference was found in average cooking loss 181.44g ± 0.03 (control); 254.01g ± 0.03 (Akaushi) (P < 0.05). When observing tenderness consistency, the control loin had a somewhat larger standard deviation (1.38 vs 0.756) than the Akaushi loins.Loins used in this study showed variation in cooking loss, tenderness, and consistency between a commercial grocery store source and the Akaushi beef source. These data indicates that quality attributes of beef loins used in this study may be different in ways not related to grade.

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Measuring the shear force of lamb meat cooked from frozen samples: comparison of two laboratories

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an09162 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 382 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

D. L. Hopkins ◽

E. S. Toohey ◽

R. D. Warner ◽

M. J. Kerr ◽

R. van de Ven

Keyword(s):

Shear Force ◽

Cooking Loss ◽

Lamb Meat ◽

The Difference

The tenderness of 160 samples of m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LL) from 40 sheep carcasses was measured at two laboratories, 80 samples per laboratory, with two ageing times (0 and 5 days). The samples were all cooked from frozen and then measured on the same type of machine, a Lloyd Texture analyser with a Warner–Bratzler-type shearing blade attached to give a shear force value for each sample. Shear force results were natural log-transformed and the analysis showed that there was a significant (P < 0.001) effect of ageing on shear force and a significant (P = 0.01) difference between the laboratories. Thus, on equivalent samples, Laboratory B produced shear force results 0.78 times those for Laboratory A. There was no significant (P > 0.05) effect of ageing on cooking loss, but there was a significant (P < 0.05) difference between the laboratories. On equivalent samples, Laboratory B produced lower cooking loss results (expressed as a percentage), on average by 3.1%, than did Laboratory A. When cooking loss was included in the model for shear force, it was significant (P < 0.001), and its inclusion reduced the significance (P = 0.04) of the difference between laboratories. Thus, part of the differences between the two laboratories for shear force could be explained by the difference in the cooking loss at the two laboratories. As cooking loss increased, shear force increased.

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Effects of crossbred ewe genotype and ram genotype on lamb meat quality from the lowland sheep flock

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960200237x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 139 (2) ◽

pp. 195-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

L. E. R. DAWSON ◽

A. F. CARSON ◽

B. W. MOSS

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Shear Force ◽

Live Weight ◽

Growth Index ◽

Gluteus Medius ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Cooking Loss ◽

Lamb Meat ◽

Hue Angle ◽

The Relationship

A study was carried out on five lowland farms in Northern Ireland over 2 years to investigate the effects of crossbred ewe and ram genotype on lamb meat quality. Four ewe genotypes were sourced from six hill farms – Bluefaced Leicester×Blackface (BLXB), Texel×Blackface (TXB), Suffolk×Cheviot (SXCH) and Texel×Cheviot (TXCH). On each farm groups of 20–30 of each crossbred ewe genotype were crossed with Suffolk or Texel sires. Within each of the ram breeds, high lean growth index rams sourced from UK sire reference schemes (SRS) were compared with rams sourced from flocks not involved in objective genetic improvement programmes (control). Throughout the 2 years of the study the ewes lambed at 1 and 2 years of age. Lambs from each of the crosses were slaughtered at 36, 44 and 52 kg live weight. Meat from lambs slaughtered at 36 kg had lower a* values (15.1) than meat from lambs slaughtered at 52 kg (17.0 S.E. 0.47) (P<0.05). Ewe genotype had no effect on any parameter of meat quality measured. The carcasses of lambs sired by Suffolk rams had a higher pHU than lambs sired by Texel rams (5.70 v. 5.65; S.E. 0.014; P<0.05) and hue angle was lower (P<0.05) in Suffolk-sired lambs (32.9°) compared with Texel-sired lambs (35.1°) (S.E. 0.62°). Warner–Bratzler shear force was lower in SRS-sired lambs (2.05 kg/cm2) compared with control-sired lambs (2.36 (S.E. 0.096) kg/cm2; P<0.05). Carcasses from male lambs had a greater cooking loss (217 g/kg) than from female lambs (196 S.E. 5.7 g/kg) (P<0.01) and meat from male lambs had greater values for Warner–Bratzler shear force (2.44 kg/cm2) than from female lambs (1.97 S.E. 0.098 kg/cm2) (P<0.001). Low, but statistically significant (P<0.05) correlations were obtained between carcass fat measurements and meat quality parameters (r = −0.29 for the relationship between cooking loss and fat depth over the gluteus mediusP<0.001); r = 0.21 for the relationship between fat classification and C* values P<0.01). When meat quality parameters for each of the fat classes were averaged, significant linear regressions (P<0.05) were obtained between fat classification and pHU, a* and C* values.

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The Effects of Satay Marination on Three Beef Muscle Types

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.1802 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Choon Y Cheok ◽

Nyuk L Chin ◽

Yus Aniza Yusof ◽

Siti Mazlina Mustapa Kamal ◽

Awis Q Sazili

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Shear Force ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Cooking Loss ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Brine Solution ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Muscle Types ◽

Beef Muscle

The effects of marination on the weight gain, cooking loss and Warner-Bratzler shear force of three beef muscle types, i.e. blade roast (BR), biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) were investigated by treating them in distilled water (as control), brine solution, tamarind juice, tamarind juice plus salt and satay marinade for 180 minutes. The weight gain of ST muscles were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the BR muscles in brine solution, tamarind juice plus salt and satay marinade, while ST and BF muscles did not differ significantly (P > 0.01) in all the five treatments. For cooking loss, muscle types did not show a significant difference (P > 0.01) in all marinating treatments except for BR and ST muscles in tamarind juice (P = 0.00023). The presence of salt in tamarind juice gave better results in tenderising ST muscles than using tamarind juice alone.

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Effect of duck genotype on leg muscle properties

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-54-649-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 649-660 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Wołoszyn ◽

A. Okruszek ◽

A. Orkusz ◽

M. Wereńska ◽

J. Książkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Functional Properties ◽

Shear Force ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Cooking Loss ◽

Water Holding Capacity ◽

Pekin Duck ◽

Muscle Properties ◽

Leg Muscles ◽

Water Holding

Abstract. The research objective was to compare the nutritive value and some functional properties of duck leg muscles from different flocks. A total of 80 drakes out of three conservative flocks (cross-breeds Pekin type – SB, Miniduck – K2, Pekin originated from Danish Pekin duck – P8) and one maternal breeding strain (P66) aged seven weeks, were used for comparison. The content of protein, lipids, moisture, essential amino acids, fatty acids and cholesterol were estimated. The investigation of functional properties has covered: the determination of the colour parameters – L*, a* b*, colour difference between individual flocks, total haem pigments’ content, sensory evaluation of raw muscles’ colour intensity in 10 point scale; pH24; water holding capacity; cooking loss and shear force. Comparing the basic chemical and amino acid composition, cholesterol content and profile of fatty acids, it could be concluded that the P66 leg muscles coming from a selected breeding strain, are the most favourable from the nutritional point of view. It is evident too, that muscles from all the examined flocks have been characterized by a high nutritional value. Taking into consideration the functional properties, it was concluded that the muscles from the investigated flocks varied in colour and analysed traits. The ducks of K2 had the best functional properties. The advantages of K2 in comparison to the other ducks are: darker colour typical of waterfowl meat, lower cooking loss, higher water holding capacity and lower shear force.

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