scholarly journals Prevalence of Viral Hepatitis Among Pregnant Women Attending Traditional Birth Homes in Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Utibe-Abasi O. Alfred ◽  
Euphoria C. Akwiwu ◽  
Valerie E. Ugochi ◽  
Josephine O. Akpotuzor
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Study Participants

Despite emerging infections and diseases that are transmissible through poor gynaecology/ obstetrics care, preference for traditional birth attendants over conventional caregivers still exist. Laboratory diagnosis remains essential for detection of new cases as well as overall management of infected persons. Pregnant women accessing care at traditional birth homes constitute a vulnerable group since laboratory testing for hepatitis is lacking at the centers, hence the present study. This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The study participants were pregnant women accessing care at traditional birth homes in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. The subjects were each screened for the presence of antibodies to HBV and HCV using immunochromatographic methods. Data processing was carried out using SPSS version 22.0. Results are presented as numbers and frequencies expressed as percentages. Socio-economic variables including education and income were seen to be disproportionally distributed among the pregnant women accessing care at traditional birth homes. Five (5) out of 88 enrolled pregnant women were reactive to either of both viral hepatitis screened. The prevalence of HBV (4.5%) was higher than that of HCV (1.1%). Six out of the seven (85.7%) centers informed the attendees of the need to undertake laboratory screening for transmissible infections. However, none of the centers made it mandatory for laboratory test results to be obtained. One center out of seven (14.3%) ensured that sharps used during child delivery were not shared. This study observed the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among pregnant women attending traditional birth homes in Uyo, Nigeria to be 4.5% and 1.1% respectively.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among HIV Infected Pregnant Women Attending Care and Treatment at National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ya’aba ◽  
S. B. Mohammed ◽  
K. T. Olatunji ◽  
A. Abubakar ◽  
M. Usoroh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Enrollment Data ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research And Development

Introduction: Viral Hepatitis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are most common top ranking leading causes of infectious diseases and deaths worldwide. If these infections, remain unidentified and untreated among HIV infected pregnant women, children born to these pregnant women are at high risk of these viral hepatitis infections. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the sero-prevalence of HBV and HCV among HIV infected pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross sectional study among 330 HIV infected pregnant women commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART) at National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria were studied. The women were screened for the presence of HBV and HCV antibodies. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data prior to recruitment/enrollment. Data were analyzed using statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) (version 20.0). Results: Out of the 330 HIV infected pregnant women, 90 (27.3%) were HBV positive, while 5 (1.5%) were HCV positive (p = 0.42). The highest prevalence was observed among the age group of 20 – 29. However, none of the patients tested positive for both HBV and HCV. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that infection with viral hepatitis is common and of public health concern. Therefore, concerted efforts should be put in place to mitigate the epidemics.

scholarly journals Urinary Tract infection, Drug Resistance Profile and Fetal Outcomes among Pregnant women in Selected Health Facilites of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wegayehu zebene ◽  
Dawit Dessalegn ◽  
Abebe Aseffa ◽  
Yohannis Yitagesu ◽  
Hamdiya yussuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Resistance Profile ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a commonly encountered health problem among pregnant women. Untreated UTI may result in fetal complications like preterm birth, low birth weight, intra uterine growth retardation and intrauterine fetal death.One of the major problems with bacterial pathogens is their ability to develop drug resistance. Determining drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria from urinary tract helps to identify effective drugs and minimize further adverse perinatal outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe the magnitude and drug resistance profile of pregnant women and related fetal outcomes.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2019. Socio-demographic data of the study participants was collected by administering structured questionnaire after obtaining full consent of the participants. Clean catch mid-stream urine was collected from the study participants and the samples were transported to the laboratory with screw-capped container. Blood and MacConkey agar were used to cultivate bacteria from urine sample. Bacterial colonies were isolated and identified using standard biochemical properties. Antibacterial susceptibility test was done on Muller-Hinton agar using antibiotic discs. At the time of delivery, infant’s birth weight and gestational age was recorded on the log book as part of the daily work. Fetal outcome data were recorded from the log book and entered to EPI data management software then transferred to SPSS for analysis.Results: Out of 424 urine samples processed, 63 (14.9%) yielded significant bacteriuria. Fifty-nine out of 63 (93.7%) cases of UTIs were recorded among age group of 15-34 years. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus were the three dominant bacterial isolates.Most of the gram negative bacterial isolates were resistant to ampicillin and ceftazidime (43.2% each) while gram positive was resistant for tetracycline (36.8%). The result of this study showed that UTI had statistical association with the occurrence of Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD) and Prerupture of Membrane (PROM) (P<.05).Conclusion: Adverse fetal outcomes are significantly linked with the presence of UTI during pregnancy. The condition can be managed if early diagnosis and treatments are made for the mother.

Prevalence and risk factors for Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonkululeko Mabaso ◽  
Camille Naicker ◽  
Makandwe Nyirenda ◽  
Nathlee Abbai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional

There are insufficient data on the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women in South Africa. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis (TV) in pregnant women and identify the risk factors associated with this infection in pregnancy. This was a cross-sectional study which included 362 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at the King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa. A self-collected vaginal swab was provided by the enrolled women for laboratory diagnosis by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protozoan load was determined as the logarithm of gene copies per milliliter. The prevalence of TV infection was 12.9% and 59.6% of the women who tested positive were asymptomatic ( p =  0.011). Women who presented with abnormal vaginal discharge had a 4.6 times likelihood of testing positive for TV infection (odds ratio 4.62; 95% confidence interval 1.83 to 11.70; p =  0.001). TV infection was high amongst pregnant women. Therefore, routine testing for this sexually transmitted infection is encouraged for proper management.

scholarly journals Investigation of Nutritional Behaviors in the First and Second Trimesters in Pregnant Women Referring to Clinics in Hamadan, Iran, in 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi ◽  
Parisa Parsa ◽  
Farideh Kazemi ◽  
Ali Reza Soltanian ◽  
Gissoo Dadvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Folic Acid Supplement ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Successful Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Study Participants

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Pregnancy is a particular period in women’s life that is accompanied by an increase in nutritional needs. Having a normal pregnancy period and successful pregnancy outcomes depends on the intake of sufficient amount of food. The present study aimed to determine nutritional behaviors in pregnant women in the first and second trimesters referring to clinics in Hamadan, Iran.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 women referred to health and treatment centers of Hamadan in 2013. Among Hamadan’s health and treatment centers, 10 were selected as the research setting through cluster sampling. Then, the pregnant women at 8-24 weeks of gestation were randomly entered into the study. The data were collected using nutritional behaviors questionnaire in three months. Accordingly, mean scores below 50, between 50 and 75, and above 75 were considered as weak, moderate, and perfect nutritional behaviors, respectively. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software, version 21 and P&lt;0.05 was considered as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The results showed that more than three fourths of the study participants had moderate nutritional behaviors. Insufficient intake of fruit, vegetables, and cereals was detected in 80.6%, 54.1%, and 47.1% of the participants, respectively. Besides, 30% of the women had not used folic acid supplement during their pregnancy period or were not aware of its necessity. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that age was only significantly associated with pregnant women’s score of nutritional behaviors (P=0.010). Additionally, no significant relationship was found between the women’s nutritional behaviors and their strategies for elimination of common pregnancy complications, such as constipation, heartburn, urinary tract infection, and anemia.</p><p><strong>DISCUSSION &amp; CONCLUSION:</strong> Considering the participants’ moderate nutritional behaviors, health and treatment centers are recommended to provide the necessary training for improving pregnant women’s nutritional behaviors and supervise and follow their execution and evaluation.</p>

scholarly journals Performance of Laboratory Professionals Working on Malaria Microscopy in Tigray, North Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megbaru Alemu ◽  
Desalegn Tadesse ◽  
Tesfaye Hailu ◽  
Wondemagegn Mulu ◽  
Awoke Derbie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Kappa Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Panel Testing ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Malaria Microscopy

Background. Microscopic analysis of stained blood smear is the most suitable method of malaria diagnosis. However, gaps were observed among clinical laboratory professionals in microscopic diagnosis of malaria. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2015 among 46 laboratory professionals. Data was collected via on-site assessment and panel testing. The slide panel testing was composed of positive and negative slides. The kappa score was used to estimate the agreement between participants and reference reader. Results. The overall agreement between the study participants and the reference reader in malaria detection was 79% (kappa = 0.62). Participating in refresher training on malaria microscopy (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR = 7, CI = 1.5–36.3)) and malaria epidemic investigation (AOR = 4.1 CI = 1.1–14.5) had statistical significant association with detection rate of malaria parasites. Conclusion. Laboratory professionals showed low performance in malaria microscopy. Most of the study participants were graded “in-training” in laboratory diagnosis of malaria.

scholarly journals Relationship between rs3918242 Polymorphism of Matrix Methaloproteinase-9 Gene and Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-443
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sahmani ◽  
◽  
Nilofar Ahmadi ◽  
Somayeh Asadian ◽  
Talaat Dabaghi Ghaleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Disorder ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mmp9 Gene

Background: Preeclampsia is a complex disorder of pregnancy with an unknown etiology. Numerous studies have shown the possible role of gene polymorphisms, especially metalloproteinases, in development of this disease, but there are no definitive results. Objective: This study aims to investigate the possible association between rs3918242 (−1562C>T) polymorphism in Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) gene with the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were 90 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 199 healthy pregnant women (controls). The genotypes of rs3918242 polymorphism were investigated using Polymerase Chain Reaction technique and Limited Fragment Length Polymorphism method. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between rs3918242 polymorphism and preeclampsia. Findings: The frequency of CC, CT, TT genotypes of rs3918242 polymorphism was reported 47.8%, 47.8% and 4.2% in patients and 84.8, 13.1 and 2% in controls, respectively, and the difference between groups was significant (P<0.001). The frequency of TT genotype in patients was significantly higher than in controls (P<0.001). Moreover, the frequency of T allele in patients was 52.2%, while in controls it was 15.2% and the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: The rs3918242 polymorphism of MMP9 gene plays an important role in the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Candida Colonization among Pregnant Women in a District Hospital in Eastern Uganda

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakandonda Fredrick ◽  
Muwanguzi Shadrack ◽  
Nakate Prossy ◽  
Opolot Ismail ◽  
Imongit Sam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Candida Colonization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Routine Antenatal Care ◽  
Eastern Uganda ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common reason for which antimicrobials are prescribed in pregnancy Worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, Candida colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among pregnant women attending antenatal in a District Hospital in Eastern Uganda. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in which pregnant mothers who had come for routine antenatal care were counseled and their consents obtained before taking off urine samples for laboratory diagnosis. For those samples found to have pus cells, culture and sensitivity test was done to identify the organisms and determine susceptibility to particular antibiotics and antifungal agents. Results: Gram negative isolates were more sensitive to meropenem (100%), and ciprofloxacin (93.8%) but less sensitive to trimethoprim/sulphurmethoxazole (20%), Ceftazidime (7%), and Cefepime (6%). Gram positive isolates were more sensitive to vancomycin (100%), meropenem (87%) and linezolid (88.1%) but less sensitive to Cefotaxime (31%) and Trimethoprim / sulphurmethoxazole (14%). All bacteria isolated in this study were multi-drug resistant (MDR). All Candida isolates were susceptible to Econazole and Nystatin whereas all isolates were resistant to Griseofulvin.   Conclusion: The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Butaleja district is high with many of the bacteria isolated exhibiting resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. Antifungal resistance was common in this study.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among pregnant women in Sana’a, Yemen

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Samah Al-Aini ◽  
C. Prathapa Senan ◽  
Meram Azzani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants

Objectives: According to the World Health Organization estimates, approximately half of the pregnant women suffer from anemia worldwide. Anemia prevalence during pregnancy ranges from 18% in developed countries to 75% in South Asia. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among pregnant women in the second and third trimesters in Sho’ub District of Sana’a City, Yemen. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 pregnant women aged between 15 and 49 years. Convenience sampling method was used to select the study participants. Information on the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional and health status was collected using a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview with participants. The hemoglobin level measurements were assessed using the Sysmex analyzer. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were utilized. Results: The prevalence of anemia among study participants was 25%; of which 70.83% had mild anemia, 28.13% had moderate anemia, and only 1.04% had severe anemia. Risk factors associated with anemia were low family monthly income (odds ratio [OR] = 0.357, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.215–0.590; p =0.001), short pregnancy spacing (OR = 3.106, 95% CI = 1.375–7.016; p = 0.06), never consumed liver (OR = 3.004; 95% CI = 1.528-5.790; p =0.001), and presence of health problems (OR = 2.260; 95% CI = 1.342–3.806; p = 0.002). Conclusion: Findings of the study revealed a high prevalence rate of anemia (25%) among pregnant women in Sana’a, Yemen, with low socioeconomic status, short pregnancy intervals, and having other health problems were the associated factors of anemia among the women studied. The findings suggest the need for implementing effective preventive strategies, especially advocacy and monitoring of the iron and folic acid supplementation.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women attending Antenatal care in Dilla University Referral Hospital Gedio Zone, Ethiopia; health facility based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249216
Author(s):  
Adugnaw Atnafu Atalay ◽  
Reta Kassa Abebe ◽  
Aberash Eifa Dadhi ◽  
Worku Ketema Bededa
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction A pregnancy that has been complicated with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection results in typical management problems for both the mother and the newborn. One of the universal efforts in tackling the impact of chronic HBV is the prevention of mother-to-child transmission during Antenatal care via prompt screening as the majority of chronic infections globally harbored during this period. Rewarding result have been achieved in reducing this problem at this period of life through maternal screening programs and universal vaccination of infants. This study was aimed at assessing the seroprevalence and associated risk factor of HBV among pregnant women attending Antenatal Care (ANC) in Dilla University Referral Hospital (DURH), Southern Ethiopia. Method A facility- based cross- sectional study was conducted from December 01 to May 30, 2017 among pregnant women attending ANC. A total of 236 pregnant women were included in this study. All Pregnant women who were attending antenatal clinic and were volunteer during the study period were included, whereas those women who were unable to communicate due to any problem, and not volunteer to give informed consent were excluded. Volunteer participants were asked to complete a questionnaire and had offered to test for HBsAg infection. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. Results From 215 pregnant women attending ANC, the prevalence of HBsAg by the rapid test was found to be 11 (5.1%). Among the study participants, 91.1% (215) were tested for HIV antibody during the ANC visit, with the positivity rate of 4.5%. The result showed 1.86% of the study participants who were tested for HIV were also positive for HBsAg. Among those factors affecting the transmission of HBV infection, multiple partners and HIV confection have significant association at P-value less than 0.05. Conclusion The Seropositivity of Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women was found to be significant and hence, routine screening of pregnant mother at Antenatal care for this virus, and subsequent management according to the guideline for both the mother and child is recommended.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF TRICHOMONIASIS IN ASYMPTOMATIC PREGNANT WOMEN POPULATION IN BANDUNG, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Pati Aji Achdiat ◽  
Reiva Farah Dwiyana ◽  
Vina Feriza ◽  
Rasmia Rowawi ◽  
Rendy Ariezal Effendi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
West Java ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants

About 81% of pregnant women with trichomoniasis are asymptomatic, while trichomoniasis in pregnant women can increase the risk of complications, include premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, and babies with low birth weight. Trichomoniasis can also increase the risk of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Trichomoniasis case in pregnant women could be influenced by demographic characteristics,, the sexual behavior, and also the diagnostic method used. Until now, there is no data about prevalence of trichomoniasis in pregnant women in Indonesia. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis in pregnant women in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in December 2016 until January 2017. The study participants were 50 pregnant women who visit antenatal care to Obstetric and Gynecology Clinic of ’Rumah Sakit Khusus Ibu dan Anak Kota Bandung’, and meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, through consecutive sampling. The study participants had a history taking, venereological examination, and Trichomonas rapid test from vaginal swabs. Trichomoniasis in this study was diagnosed based on Trichomonas rapid test, a test that uses color immunochromatographic, capillary flow, dipstick technology, and has high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing trichomoniasis. Almost all participants in this study were low risk pregnant women to have STI based on demographic characteristics and sexual behaviour. The positive Trichomonas rapid test result was found from one of 50 study participants. In conclusion, prevalence of trichomoniasis in pregnant women in Bandung was 2%. Trichomoniasis case in low-risk pregnant women population is still found.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document