scholarly journals Determination of the heavy metal contents of frequently used herbal products in Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Tehseen Quds ◽  
Maryam Ahmed ◽  
Sadia Shakeel ◽  
Nusrat Jalbani ◽  
Farah Mazhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Arsenic Level ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Health Organization

Purpose: To determine the heavy metal content of selected local and international herbal medicines sold for the treatment of various diseases in Pakistan. Methods: The different dosage forms of herbal medicines assessed were crude forms of syrups, gel, capsule, powder and tonic. Wet digestion method was used to prepare the herbal samples using nitric acid, and then analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg), using MHS-15 mercury/hydride system and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Results: The investigated results displayed the Arsenic level (0.00 ppm to 0.580 ppm); Cadmium (0.001 ppm to 0.006 ppm); Lead (0.00 ppm to 1.078 ppm) and Mercury (0.001 ppm to 0.012 ppm). All results were found below the permissible limit of acceptability intake of the World Health Organization (WHO) and American Herbal Products Association (AHPA). The pH of the samples were in the range of 1.52 to 6.99. Conclusion: The findings reveal that the investigated herbal products available in Pakistan are safe with reference to heavy metals, and considered non-toxic for human consumption.

scholarly journals HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN SOME SEAFOODS COLLECTED FROM MUARA ANGKE FISH AUCTION PLACE, JAKARTA.

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Horas Hutagalung ◽  
Suwirma Syamsu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Health Organization

Determination of  heavy  metal  content  (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn) in some seafoods collected from  Muara  Angke  Fish  Auction  Place  were carried out during February to July 1979. The results showed  that Zn  content  in seafoods a nalyzed  was always much higher than the other heavy metals. The concentration levels of  the  six  heavy  metals observed were low. It is almost of the same level as the metal concentration of  other  seafoods  observed  in various parts of the world oceans, but still lower  than the maximum standard set  for human  consumption  as  established  by   Tasmania, Australia and  World Health Organization. The  mean  per capita  consumption of  fish  in Jakarta is only  about 165 g  per week, while  the  Provisional Tolerated Weekly Intake for Hg, set by WHO/FAO at 300 ug level, would be attained by consuming 1500 g Rastrelliger sp., or 698 gPenaeus setiferus, or 545 g Sepia sp., and or 1250 g Pecten sp.  Therefore,  at   present the  level of metal content in fishes sold at TPI  Muara  Angke  can be  considered  as  not  dangerous  to human health as long as these quantities are not surpassed.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Properties and Heavy Metal Contents of Commonly Consumed Alcoholic Beverages Flavouredwith Herbal Extract in Nigeria

Beverages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Oladapo Okareh ◽  
Tosin Oyelakin ◽  
Oluwaseun Ariyo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Safety Awareness ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Health Organization

There is proliferation of alcoholic beverages flavoured with herbal-extracts that are perceived to have medicinal values. Information on the phytochemical and heavy metal contents of these products is scarce. This study assessed the phytochemical properties and heavy metal contents of herbal-extract flavoured alcoholic beverages in major motor parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. The phytochemical properties of the beverages were determined in triplicate using standard methods, while the heavy metal contents were assessed while using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and means were compared using ANOVA at p < 0.05.The pH range of the beverages was 3.28–6.57 and the alcohol content was 34.0–51.5%. Detected major phytochemicals and concentration ranges were phytic acid (0.72–2.37 mg/g), alkaloids (0.42–4.11 mg/g), flavonoids (0.22–3.64 mg rutin equivalents/g), total phenols (1.13–3.66 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), anthraquinones (0.74–1.93 mg/g),and triterpenoids (0.74–1.93 mg/g). The heavy metal contents were Pb (2.13–4.70 mg/L), Cd (0.06–0.07 mg/L), Co (0.12–0.23 mg/L), Zn (0.14–0.40 mg/L), and Fe (0.72–4.22 mg/L); only Pb and Cd were above the World Health Organization (WHO) limits of 0.01 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L in water, respectively. The herbal-extract flavoured alcoholic beverages contain beneficial phytochemicals and traces of heavy metals. Safety awareness of these products for improved consumers’ health would be of public health importance.

scholarly journals Safety of Herbal Medicines in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevinç Polat ◽  
Ayşe Gürol
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Medicines Use ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
Health Organization

Herbal medicine is used by individuals of all ages, including children. Herbal medicine includes herbs, herbal materials and preparations, and finished herbal products. Herbal medicine or herbal products’ use for all ages have increased in recent years. Based on the data of the World Health Organization, almost 80% of the population in developing countries trust herbal medicines to meet their health needs. Herbal medicines use unconsciously as though these products are harmless. The use of herbal products in children is a concern because little information is available concerning the benefits and risks of these products in the pediatric population. This creates a serious problem in the treatment of children, and reveals a serious and under-recognized hazard in clinical care. The safety of most herbal medicinal products is absent since lack of suitable quality controls and not available of appropriate patient information. Owing to the possibility of serious health complications arising from the use of herbal products, it is mandatory to understand their use in the general population in order for appropriate measures to be put into place.

scholarly journals Study on Aluminium Contamination in Mettur Soil and its Subsequent Uptake by Medicinal Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 3129-3133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Palani ◽  
Krishnamurthy Balasubramanian ◽  
R. A. Kalaivani
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Health Organization

Nowadays, the use of medicinal plants for disease treatment has been limited due to widely prevailing toxicity of medicinal plants and their source soil. The major reason for the toxicity in plants might be due to their mineral and chemical content and also related with the toxic materials present in the source soil. The aim of this study was to assess the Aluminum contamination in Mettur, an industrial town of Tamil Nadu, India which has many Al industries. Total Al content in the soil of the region where medicinal plants were cultivated was found to be 16700 mg kg-1. Further, Al content in commonly used medicinal plants Centella asiatica, Bacopa monneri and Euphorbia hirta grown in Al polluted soil was studied. The Al concentration of the medicinal plants ranged from 449 to 801 mg kg-1. All the three plants were found to accumulate level of Al which is above the maximum permissible limits prescribed by World Health Organization and thus, it may cause Al toxicity among the consumers of herbal medicines. From the results of the present study, it is inferred that the medicinal plants used for the human consumption or disease management should be collected from clean environment and processed carefully.

Tin Ore Tailing Reservoir Dominant Plants Heavy Metal Accumulation Characteristics of Yunnan

2013 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 813-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Gang Zhang ◽  
Ruo Peng Yang ◽  
Han Yuan ◽  
Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Accumulation Coefficient ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Plant Transfer

According to the field investigation, collecting five kinds of dominant plant from tin ore tailing reservoir of Gejiu and tailing reservoir soil samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of five kinds of dominant plant roots, stems, leaves and its growth soil’s Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd contents, and analyzes five kinds of plant transfer and accumulation coefficient. The results showed that: soil heavy metal pollution is serious, especially Cd pollution; Lactuca indic L、Cattail、Alopecurus aequalis and Cyperus rotundus L. plants of heavy metal contents are the same, all is Zn﹥Cu﹥Pb﹥Cd, but four kinds of heavy metal contents are Pb﹥Zn﹥Cu﹥ Cd in Neyruadia plants; Lactuca indic L、Cyperus rotundus L、Alopecurus aequalis and Cattail to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd four kinds of heavy metals accumulation ability is weaker. But from the root to the ground part organ transfer ability aspects: four kinds of heavy metal in Lactuca indic L is strong, Pb and Cd two elements in the Cyperus rotundus L is more stronger, Cd in Alopecurus aequalis is more stronger, Zn, Cu and Cd in Cattail is more stronger; the accumulation and transfer coefficient are larger than one, it was a better plant which removes Pb.

scholarly journals HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN SOME SEAFOODS COLLECTED FROM MUARA ANGKE FISH AUCTION PLACE, JAKARTA.

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horas Hutagalung ◽  
Suwirma Syamsu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Health Organization

Determination of  heavy  metal  content  (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn) in some seafoods collected from  Muara  Angke  Fish  Auction  Place  were carried out during February to July 1979. The results showed  that Zn  content  in seafoods a nalyzed  was always much higher than the other heavy metals. The concentration levels of  the  six  heavy  metals observed were low. It is almost of the same level as the metal concentration of  other  seafoods  observed  in various parts of the world oceans, but still lower  than the maximum standard set  for human  consumption  as  established  by   Tasmania, Australia and  World Health Organization. The  mean  per capita  consumption of  fish  in Jakarta is only  about 165 g  per week, while  the  Provisional Tolerated Weekly Intake for Hg, set by WHO/FAO at 300 ug level, would be attained by consuming 1500 g Rastrelliger sp., or 698 gPenaeus setiferus, or 545 g Sepia sp., and or 1250 g Pecten sp.  Therefore,  at   present the  level of metal content in fishes sold at TPI  Muara  Angke  can be  considered  as  not  dangerous  to human health as long as these quantities are not surpassed.

scholarly journals Consuming Blackberry as a Traditional Nutraceutical Resource from an Area with High Anthropogenic Impact

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Vlad ◽  
Győző Goji ◽  
Florin Dinulică ◽  
Szilard Bartha ◽  
Maria Vasilescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Food Education ◽  
Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Source Of Pollution

The most serious quality issue of natural resources for human consumption or medicinal purposes is the contamination with pollutants harmful to consumers. Common blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) is a sought-after nutraceutical and an important component in herbal medicine in many places around the globe. The present study aims to analyze the level of heavy metal bioaccumulation in blackberry organs, as well as its spatial distribution in two consecutive years immediately after the interruption of the extended activity of the industrial source of pollution. The research was conducted in one of the most polluted areas in Romania and Eastern Europe, within a 26 km radius of the source of pollution. The Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the leaves, flowers, and unwashed blackberry fruits were analyzed spectrophotometrically through flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The results show that blackberry is an important bioaccumulator of these heavy metals—71% of the Pb concentration values and 100% of the Cd concentration values exceeded the World Health Organization thresholds by up to 29 and 15 times, respectively. Also, the leaves are the largest reservoirs of Pb and Zn (the median values: 51.4 mg/kg dry weight and 105.2 mg/kg d.w., respectively), and the flowers contained the largest quantities of Cd and Cu (2.54 mg/kg d.w. and 11.3 mg/kg d.w., respectively). The Pb concentrations decreased by a power function in relation to the distance from the source of pollution. The implications of these results on the safety of the use of blackberry are discussed. The urgent necessity for food education of the local population which consumes contaminated nutraceutical products is emphasized.

scholarly journals Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Two Species of Goby (Porogobius Schelegelii and Bathygobius Soporator) From Buguma Creek, Niger Delta

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Wilfred–Ekprikpo P. C.
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Health Organization

This study investigated the heavy metal concentrations in different organs such as gills, muscles, liver and gatro-intestinal tract (GIT) of two species of Goby: Porogobius schelegelii and Bathygobius soporator from Buguma Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria. The fish samples were collected from the creek and were preserved in ice chest box and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were digested by using standard laboratory methods. The concentrations of metals were analyzed using a Varian AA240 Fast Sequential Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Results obtained indicated that heavy metals such as Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), and Nickel (Ni) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the liver of the two species than in the muscle, gills and the GIT. Comparatively, the concentrations of these metals were higher in the specie B.soporator than P. schelegelii in all the organs of the fishes under consideration. The heavy metal concentrations recorded in this study were above the limits recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization/ World Health Organization. The high concentration of heavy metals above permissible level suggests the need for caution during the consumption of these species from Buguma Creek due to health implications associated with heavy metals.

scholarly journals Herbal pharmacovigilance in Nepal: challenges and recommendations

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Shrestha ◽  
Krisha Danekhu ◽  
Binaya Sapkota ◽  
Nisha Jha ◽  
Bhuvan KC
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Pharmacovigilance Center ◽  
Health Organization

Traditional herbal medicine is widely used globally. Despite its extensive use, there are no proper regulations on standardization and use of herbal medicinal products. Nepal has a rich biodiversity and demography comprising of different socio-ethnic groups. Herbal medicines are utilized prominently in Nepalese communities. These herbal products may cause side effects and adverse effects, such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity with the heavy metal toxicity associated with their powdered dosage forms. The side effects of using herbal products have been documented, such as bleeding with use of Ginkgo biloba and increase in blood pressure with use of Ephedra. Regulation of herbal products is essential to promote their optimal and rational use. Standard tools are available for assessing adverse effects of herbal products from health authorities, like the World Health Organization. In Nepal, self-medication practice using traditional herbal medicines is common and includes the concomitant use of allopathic. There is no focal point to address the regulatory issues on herbal products currently in Nepal. The Department of Drug Administration in Nepal is nominated as a national pharmacovigilance center and there are no reports on adverse events from the use of herbal medicines so far. However, not having any reports does not ensure the absolute safety and effectiveness of herbal products, so vigilance is warranted. Herbal pharmacovigilance is needed for Nepal to ensure safe and effective use of herbal medicines as the current pharmacovigilance ecosystem does not capture those cases. In the Nepalese context, the absence of reporting mechanisms may have underreported adverse cases of herbal products. The present opinion article aims to discuss the use of herbal products in Nepal, the challenges associated with the adverse reaction due to herbal medicines, and recommendations to overcome these challenges

scholarly journals Heavy metals risk assessment in Salmo letnica from Lake Ohrid in Albania

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Patrizia Marchetti ◽  
Fatmira Shehu ◽  
Angela Di Pinto ◽  
Valeriana Colao ◽  
Giuseppina Tantillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
The Mean

The Ohrid trout (Salmo letnica) is an endemic species of trout found only in Lake Ohrid, in the Balkan republics of North Macedonia and Albania, where it is a species of significant economic and nutritional interest. Considering the importance of chemical risk assessment in fish for human consumption set out by European and international legislation and the risk of extinction of the Ohrid trout, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety of Ohrid trout flesh for human consumption by determining the heavy metal concentration in different organs through atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Heavy metal concentrations differed significantly in different organs (P&lt;0.001). The mean and range of Pb and Cr concentrations in muscle were lower than the permissible limits recommended for human consumption according to the European Union (EU), as well as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization, whereas the mean concentration and range of Cd in muscle tissue were above the critical limits for human consumption set by the EU and FAO, revealing inspection-related problems. Accordingly, S. letnica is not completely safe for human consumption. Therefore, the long-term assessment of heavy metal concentrations in Ohrid trout from Lake Ohrid is an important safety measure for fish consumers and will help assess the status of exploitation of this biological resource.

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