Histopathological alterations in gills, kidney and liver of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings exposed to aqueous leaf extract of Desert Date (Balanites aegyptiaca)

One of the many biomarkers for determining the effects of pollutants on fish is changes in organ histopathology. Leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca have been reported to have phytochemicals with fish anaesthetic property. This study sought to determine the effect of graded acute concentrations (200.00, 250.00, 300.00.350.00 and 400.00 mg/L) of B. aegyptiaca on histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of mixed sex of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. A total of 120 O. niloticus fingerlings (mean weight 23±0.03 g and mean total length 12.50±0.39 cm) were exposed to the plant extract. Paraffin wax method and haematoxylin-eosin staining techniques of tissue processing were adopted for the examination of the gills, kidney and liver. Dose-dependent histopathological changes were observed in the three organs (gills, kidney and liver) i.e. histopathological alterations increase with increase in concentration of the plant extract. Gills showed lamellae fusion, haemorrhage, desquamation, atrophy and secondary lamellae erosion while kidney and liver indicated atrophy, necrosis, haemorrhage, hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Structural alterations were evident in the gills, kidney and liver of O. niloticus fingerlings exposed to the concentrations of aqueous crude leaf extract of B. aegyptiaca therefore it should be used with caution during fish anaesthesia. Keywords: Histopathology; Gill; Kidney; Liver; Balanites aegyptiaca; Oreochromis niloticus.

Download Full-text

Synthesis of ZnO and ZnO/PVA nanocomposite using aqueous Moringa Oleifeira leaf extract template: antibacterial and electrochemical activities

REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE ◽

10.1515/rams-2020-0021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 464-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kindnew Demssie Dejen ◽

Enyew Amare Zereffa ◽

H C Ananda Murthy ◽

Andualem Merga

Keyword(s):

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Flexible Polymer ◽

Increase With Increase ◽

Shaped Particle ◽

Polyvinyl Alcohol Film

AbstractThe application of flexible polymer nanocomposites for food packaging to inactivate microorganisms associated with foods is the demand of the present-day food industry to assure quality throughout the packaging operation. The utilization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) assisted zinc oxide nanocomposite for food stuff packaging has been very attractive in the recent past. Nanostructured ZnO was synthesized at optimized pH (10.5) from different ratios of zinc acetate and Moringa oleifeira leaf extract (1:7, 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1). ZnO coated polyvinyl alcohol (ZnO/PVA) nanocomposites were prepared from 5, 9, 13 and 16% by wt of ZnO and PVA using solution casting method. The thermal stability of ZnO synthesized with 1:1 ratio at pH 10.5 was investigated with TGA/DTA. The analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultra-violate visible analysis (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for the characterization of the synthesized ZnO and ZnO/PVA nanocomposites (NCs). The antibacterial activity of the synthesized ZnO and ZnO/PVA NCs were evaluated against gram negative E. coli and gram positive S. aureus bacteria. The electrochemical stability of ZnO/PVA NCs was also investigated by cyclic voltammetric (CV) method. The thermogram of ZnO indicated that the oxide was found to be stable even beyond 500°C. The SEM analysis revealed rod shaped morphology for synthesized ZnO from 1:1 ratio at pH 10.5. But the nanocomposite prepared with 5% of ZnO of (1:1) at the same pH exhibited uniformly dispersed rod-shaped particle on the surface as well as in matrix of polyvinyl alcohol film. According to XRD result, ZnO synthesized with more percentage of plant extract resulted in the small size crystallites while that with low percentage of plant extract resulted in the larger crystallite size. The antibacterial inhibition efficiency of ZnO/PVA NCs was better and found to increase with increase in the amount of ZnO.

Download Full-text

Effects of the Aqueous Leaf Extract Of Basella Alba on Sex Reversal of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus

IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences ◽

10.9790/3008-0922162164 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 162-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Indranath Ghosal ◽

◽

Suman Bhusan Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Sex Reversal ◽

Basella Alba ◽

Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

Download Full-text

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE FROM COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS EFFECT ON CLINICAL PATHOGENS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i10.38859 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 117-121

Author(s):

DEVAKUMAR JOSEPH ◽

SINDHUJA BASKARAN ◽

MADURI NAGARAJAN ◽

SUDHA SIVASUBRAMNIAN

Keyword(s):

Plant Extract ◽

Silver Nanoparticle ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Silver Ions ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Couroupita Guianensis ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Absorbance Peak

Objective: In this study, a rapid and simple approach was applied for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) from aqueous leaf extract of Couroupita guianensis. The plant extract acts as an antimicrobial agent and is also used to synthesis AgNP. Methods: Ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectrophotometer was used to characterize synthesized AgNP and to identify the compounds responsible for the reduction of silver ions, the functional groups present in plant extract were investigated by Fourier transform infrared. Agar well diffusion method was used for the antibacterial activity of synthesized AgNPs. Results: UV–visible spectrophotometer showed an absorbance peak in the range of 405 nm. The AgNPs showed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus sp, Klebsiella sp, and Pseudomonas sp. Conclusion: Nowadays, silver-based topical dressing has been widely used as a treatment for infections such as wounds, burns, and chronic ulcer.

Download Full-text

Cytoprotective and antiadhesive effects of aqueous leaf extract from Orthosiphon aristatus against uropathogenic E. coli

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0036-1596551 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 81 (S 01) ◽

pp. S1-S381 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Sarshar ◽

MR Asadi Karam ◽

M Habibi ◽

S Bouzari ◽

X Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

E Coli ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

Download Full-text

Insecticidal Activities of the Leaf Extract of the Invasive Alien Plant, Chromolaena odorata (L.) (Asteraceae) Against Macrotermes species (Termites)

Nigeria Journal of Entomology ◽

10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.31 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 145-153

Author(s):

O. Uyi, ◽

I.G. Amolo ◽

A.D. Adetimehin

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Alien Plant ◽

Biological Efficacy ◽

Invasive Alien Plant ◽

Impregnation Technique ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽

Worker Caste

Several studies have demonstrated the biological efficacy of leaf, stem and root powders or extracts of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson against insect pests but those that are focused on the biological efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts against Macrotermes species are scanty. Current management of termites with synthetic insecticides is being discouraged due to human and environmental hazards. Therefore, the insecticidal effectiveness of aqueous leaf extract C. odorata against Macrotermes species was investigated. Five concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% (w/v)) of the aqueous extract of C. odorata plant were evaluated for repellency and toxicity on the worker caste of Macrotermes species following standard procedures. The filter paper impregnation technique was used for the bioassay. Percentage repellency was monitored for 30 minutes and mortality recorded at 12, 24 and 36 hours post exposure. The leaf extract of C. odorata significantly repelled 95% of Macrotermes species at the highest concentration of 10% (w/v) after 30 minutes post treatment exposure. Mortality of Macrotermes species was independent of treatment concentration, but dependent on duration of exposure. All treatment concentrations of aqueous leaf extract of C. odorata caused significant mortality against Macrotermes species ranging between 94% and 98% compared to the control; indicating very great potential for adoption and use in the management of Macrotermes species.

Download Full-text

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Allamanda cathartica L. Leaf Extract and Evaluation for Antimicrobial Activity

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2013.6.4.9 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 2260-2268

Author(s):

M. Linga Rao ◽

Bhumi G ◽

Savithramma N

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Green Technology ◽

Metallic Silver ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) exhibit tremendous applications in medicine as antimicrobial agent. The use of different parts of plants for the synthesis of nanoparticles is considered as a green technology as it does not involve any harmful chemicals. In the present study, we report a rapid biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous leaf extract of medicinal plant Allamanda cathartica. The active phytochemicals present in the plant were responsible for the quick reduction of silver ion to metallic silver nanoparticles. The reduced silver nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDAX) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The spherical shaped silver nanoparticles were observed and it was found to 19-40 nm range of size. These phytosynthesized SNPs were tested for their antimicrobial activity and it analyzed by measuring the inhibitory zone. A. cathartica aqueous leaf extract of SNPs showed highest toxicity to Pseudomonas followed by Klebsiella, Bacillus and E. coli and lowest toxicity towards Proteus. In fungal species, highest inhibition zone was noted against Rhizopus followed by Curvularia, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger and minimum inhibition zone was observed against Fusarium species. These results suggest a promising potential of Indian plant-based green chemistry for production of SNPs for biomedical and nanotechnology applications.

Download Full-text