ANTIBAC — A NEW TYPE OF CHLORINE SANITIZER*

1952 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie R. Bacon ◽  
Alfred L. Sotier
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
New Type ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The germicidal performance of Anti-bac, a newly developed preparation based on the active agent 1,3-dichloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin, has been tested by several methods. The activity is of the same order as shown by hypochlorite preparations, and is superior under the adverse conditions of organic loading. Preliminary data are given for the effects of temperature and pH adjustment on performance, and on storage stability and action on metals. Antibac shows great promise for general disinfection and sanitation service, and in view of its combination of high germicidal activity and excellent resistance to depreciation may be used to advantage in fields hitherto dominated by hypochlorites.

Effects of temperature and organic loading on the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Grant ◽  
Kwan-Chow Lin
Keyword(s):  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Reactor Kinetics ◽  
State Process ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients ◽  
Reactor Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Steady State Process

A study investigating the effects of temperature and organic loading on the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors was carried out in the laboratory. Laboratory-scale reactors of 3.2 L volume were semicontinuously fed a synthetic substrate consisting of beef consommé and macro- and micro-nutrient compounds. Temperatures ranged from 10 to 42 °C; organic loadings ranged from 2.0 to 30 kg COD/(m3∙d). Steady-state process kinetics and efficiencies were evaluated for the various conditions. Based on the assumption that upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor kinetics in the temperature range of 10–30 °C could be approximated by Monod and modified Arrhenius equation relationships, effluent SCOD concentrations and removals were used to determine the maximum rate of substrate utilization, the half-velocity constant, and the temperature coefficient. A design and operating chart was constructed based on the kinetic coefficients determined from the experimental data. Key words: upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, temperature, loading, performance, kinetics.

Kinetics of Chromium Ion Removal from Wastewater with Internal Circulation Foam Flotation

2013 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 384-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Jin Wang ◽  
Na Lin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Foam Fractionation ◽  
Foam Separation ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Fractionation Column ◽  
Foam Flotation ◽  
Reaction Constant ◽  
New Type ◽  
Reaction Processes

A new type of foam fractionation column with spiral internal had been designed for enhancing the foam drainage and thus for the removal of minute hazardous materials. Chromium was separated from wastewater using the continuous foam separation method. According to the similar physical behavior of foam separation and chemical reaction processes, the equivalent chemical reaction constant was introduced, Establishment concentrate distributed mathematical model of the whole tower under the condition of continuous foam separation with SDS as active agent. The model has been tested by experiments. The result indicated that foam separation process could be regarded as a first order reaction, and diffusion coefficient was 4.86cm2/s.

Aqueous leaching of ADOPT and standard UO2 spent nuclear fuel under H2 atmosphere

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Alexandre Barreiro Fidalgo ◽  
Olivia Roth ◽  
Anders Puranen ◽  
Lena Z. Evins ◽  
Kastriot Spahiu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Uranium Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
New Type ◽  
Failure Scenario

ABSTRACTLeaching results to compare the dissolution behavior of a new type of fuel with additives (Advanced Doped Pellet Technology, ADOPT) with standard UO2 fuel are presented. Both fuels were irradiated in the same assembly of a commercial boiling water reactor to a local burnup of ∼58 MWd/kgU. Fuel fragments are leached in simplified groundwater in two autoclaves under hydrogen atmosphere, representing conditions in a canister failure scenario resulting in water intrusion for a spent nuclear fuel repository. Preliminary results indicate the uranium concentration decreased to 3-4x10-8 M after 421 days, slightly above the solubility of amorphous UO2. Xe has been detected in the gas phase of both autoclaves. The concentration of Cs and I seems to gradually approach constant values, yet the redox sensitive elements continue to slowly increase with time. The preliminary data obtained supports the hypothesis that there is no major difference in leaching behavior between the two fuels.

The Preconditions of Social Identity of a Small State in Transition to Democracy

1998 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Jurate Morkuniene
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of social identity consists of two parts. First, it means protection against threats to the nation’s existence and well-being. Second, it means the search for measures and possibilities to achieve the goals of social development and improvement. Social identity implies the creation and preservation of conditions in which each citizen can develop as educated, creative and responsible persons. Today, especially for nations throughout the former Soviet Union, the chief danger to social identity lies in the adverse conditions of continued underdevelopment. It follows that for these nations, identity means first of all development. The essential condition for a small nation’s identity and survival is based on the people’s resolution to rely on themselves and to envision the potential for their own country. The modern strategy for ensuring social identity would essentially rely on the principle that every citizen is part of the national identity, i.e., its active agent. For this reason, of central importance is the creation of equal starting possibilities (equality of opportunities) for everyone.

Effects of temperature at different organic loading levels on the performance of a fluidized-bed anaerobic sequencing batch bioreactor

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Miranda Bergamo ◽  
Rodrigo Di Monaco ◽  
Suzana Maria Ratusznei ◽  
José Alberto Domingues Rodrigues ◽  
Marcelo Zaiat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Batch Bioreactor ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Covalent and Metal Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Chedid ◽  
Ali Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
New Type ◽  
Recent Trends

Materials science has seen a great deal of advancement and development. The discovery of new types of materials sparked the study of their properties followed by applications ranging from separation, catalysis, optoelectronics, sensing, drug delivery and biomedicine, and many other uses in different fields of science. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a relatively new type of materials with high surface areas and permanent porosity that show great promise for such applications. The current study aims at presenting the recent work achieved in COFs and MOFs for biomedical applications, and to examine some challenges and future directions which the field may take. The paper herein surveys their synthesis, and their use as Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), in non-drug delivery therapeutics and for biosensing and diagnostics.

scholarly journals High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1894-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongcai You ◽  
Ruirui Xing ◽  
Qianli Zou ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Xuehai Yan
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Cyclic Dipeptide ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Structural Rigidity ◽  
High Propensity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Type

Peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels, as a new type of biological nanoarchitectonic structure, hold great promise for a wide range of biomedical and nanotechnological applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and electronic and photonic energy storage. In this work, a cyclic dipeptide (CDP) cyclo-(Trp-Tyr) (C-WY), which has exceptional structural rigidity and high stability, is selected as a hydrogelator for the formation of supramolecular hydrogels. The unique hydrogen bonding in C-WY endows a high propensity for self-assembly and the resulting hydrogels are revealed to be crystalline. The crystalline hydrogels possess excellent mechanical capacity and superior tolerance to various harsh conditions, including in the presence of charged biopolymers, extreme acid/base environments, and changing thermal conditions. Such high tolerance enables the crystalline hydrogels to be applied in the complex and harsh environments of electrochemistry. In addition, this study demonstrates that the self-assembly of cyclic dipeptides results in highly robust hydrogels which can be applied for electrochemical applications such as electrochemical supercapacitors.

scholarly journals Radical-induced cationic frontal polymerisation for prepreg technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-165
Author(s):  
Anh Dung Tran ◽  
Thomas Koch ◽  
Robert Liska ◽  
Patrick Knaack
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Epoxy Group ◽  
Epoxide Resin ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction ◽  
Thermal Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radical Polymerisation ◽  
New Type ◽  
Dual Curing

AbstractIn this study, a new type of prepreg technology has been established using a dual curing system consisting of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and frontally polymerisable components based on the epoxide resin. The study of the polymerisation of HDDA revealed (tert-butylcyclohexyl)peroxydicarbonate (BCPC) as the most suitable radical thermal initiator. The presence of BCPC resulted in a fast radical polymerisation of HDDA and no cationic ring-opening reaction of the epoxy, which was observed by monitoring the double bond and epoxy group conversion in real time-NIR rheology measurement. The formed prepreg can subsequently be cured by radical-induced cationic frontal polymerisation of the epoxy resin. Effects of HDDA amount on the radical polymerisation, stiffness of the gel, frontal parameters and thermal mechanical properties of final polymers were investigated. With 10 wt% HDDA, the formed prepreg has very good storage stability, which was proved by monitoring the epoxy group conversion during 4 months of storage at 50 °C while still a stable front can be obtained. Furthermore, the RICFP-prepregs with different fibre contents were prepared and polymerised by RICFP. Then, a snowflake composite was successfully produced using RICFP-prepreg. Graphic abstract

FIELD EXPERIENCE WITH ANTIBAC. A NEW TYPE OF CHLORINE SANITIZER

1953 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie R. Bacon ◽  
Alfred L. Sotier ◽  
Armin A. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
New Type ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Total Bacteria

A new type of chlorine-liberating germicide designed to provide sanitizing solutions in the pH range of 5.8 to 7.0 has been introduced under the name of Wyandotte Antibac. This new germicide is a white, low-density powder based on 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin as the active agent and contains 16 percent available chlorine. Data obtained from performance tests in food and beverage serving establishments in several cities show that Antibac is an outstanding sanitizer for eating and drinking utensils. In germicidal performance it is comparable to sodium hypochlorite but its action on the skin is much milder. The material is rapidly and completely soluble in hot or cold water and shows excellent wetting and rinsing behavior. Other favorable characteristics found are a lesser retention of chlorous odor by sanitized vessels and no adverse effects on the foaming of beverages. After the introduction of Antibac for the sanitization of farm dairy utensils in unsupervised tests a considerable reduction in total bacteria counts in the milk and a very notable reduction in heat-resistant bacteria counts were found.

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