INFLUENCES OF RECOVERY MEDIA AND INCUBATION TEMPERATURES ON THE TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM SEAFOODS1

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 553-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Lee ◽  
D. K. Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Microbial Isolates ◽  
Yeast Extract Agar

Four hundred fifty-five microbial isolates from seafoods were replicated on tryptone-peptone-yeast extract agar with 0.5% NaCl (TPE), trypticase soy agar with 3.0% NaCl (TSA), and plate count agar with no added NaCl (PCA). Daughter plates were incubated at 5, 25, 35, and 37 C, and colonies that developed on the plates were identified. At 25 C, 7% of TPE isolates failed to grow on PCA and 4% on TSA. The difference was mainly caused by Pseudomonas type III species, 24% of which failed to grow on PCA; Pseudomonas type II species, 13% of which failed on PCA; and Flavobacterium-Cutophaga species, 18% of which failed on TSA. Except for the reference mesophilic, cultures of Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus—which grew equally well at 25 and 35 C but failed to grow at 5 C—49% of colonies growing at 25 C failed to grow at 35 C, and 17% at 5 C. Microbial groups in order of sensitivity to 35 C were Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Moraxella, Micrococcus, Flavobacterium-Cytophaga, and Acinetobacter, with the respective growth failures at 35 C of 68, 51, 46, 42, 33, and 29%. Microbial groups that failed to grow at 5 C in the order of sensitivity were, Flavobacterium-Cutophaga, Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, and Moraxella with respective growth failures of 40, 26, 12, and 9%.

A Review of Aerobic and Psychrotrophic Plate Count Procedures for Fresh Meat and Poultry Products

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1200-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. JAY
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Yeast Extract Agar

This is a review of reports that employed aerobic plate counts on fresh meat and poultry products since 1985; it lists synopses of 100 applications. A total of 15 different plating media were used, with 48 (48%) being either plate count agar (PCA) or tryptone glucose yeast extract agar. The temperature-time relations ranged from a low temperature of 20°C for 120 h to 37°C for 24 h. Some 29 different temperature-time combinations were used among the total of 109, with 21 (19.3%) being 35°C/48 h, followed by 12 (11.0%) at 32°C/48 h, 11 (10.1%) at 25°C/48 h, and 9 (8.3%) at 25°C/72 h. Fifty-four (49.5%) plate count applications employed incubation temperatures of 30°C and below. From the 26 reports that employed psychrotrophic counts, 16 (61.5%) used PCA; 18 different temperature-time combinations were used, with 7°C/10 d employed by only four. Twenty-one (80.8%) employed an incubation temperature at or <10°C, and five employed an incubation temperature >10°C. There is a serious need for some consensus on methodologies for aerobic and psychrotrophic counts on fresh meat and poultry products.

scholarly journals Cemaran bakteri pada makanan pempek produksi rumah tangga dan pabrik pengolah makanan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Joko Sapto Pramono ◽  
Mustaming Mustaming ◽  
Dewi Samara Putri
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Colony Counter

Pempek merupakan makanan tradisional yang berasal dari Palembang. Makanan ini diproduksi oleh industri rumah tangga maupun pabrik pengolah makanan. Olahan ikan ini beresiko dicemari oleh bakteri Escherichia coli, Salmonella, dan Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cemaran bakteri pada pempek yang dijual di pasaran kota Samarinda. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian laboratorium. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu random sampling. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 20 sampel pempek, 10 sampel produksi industri rumah tangga dan 10 sampel produksi pabrik. Sampel kemudian dibawa ke laboratorium dan dilakukan pemeriksaan jumlah koloni dengan menggunakan colony counter. Hasil penghitungan Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) pada media Plate Count Agar (PCA) menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 18 sampel (90%) yang terdiri dari 10 sampel pempek produksi pabrik dan 8 sampel pempek produksi rumahan mengandung cemaran mikroba yang tinggi (> 5x 104). Masyarakat disarankan memasak pempek hingga matang sebelum mengkonsumsi baik pempek produksi pabrik maupun produksi rumahan agar terhindar dari resiko cemaran bakteri patogen. Catatan PenerbitPoltekkes Kemenkes Kendari menyatakan tetap netral sehubungan dengan klaim dari perspektif atau buah pikiran yang diterbitkan dan dari afiliasi institusional manapun. PendanaanKajian terlaksana atas pembiayaan sukarela peneliti. Konflik KepentinganPara penulis menyatakan bebas dari konflik kepentingan. Berbagi DataData hasil kajian tersedia melalui permohonan kepada penulis koresponden. Kontribusi PenulisPara penulis tidak mendeklarasikan setiap kontribusinya.

Lethality of Heat to Escherichia coli 0157:H7: D-Value and Z-Value Determinations in Ground Beef

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 762-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ERIC LINE ◽  
ALFRED R. FAIN ◽  
ALICE B. MORAN ◽  
L. MICHELE MARTIN ◽  
RICHARD V. LECHOWICH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Ground Meat ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Lean Beef ◽  
Z Value ◽  
D Values ◽  
D Value

D-values and z-values were determined for lean (2.0% fat) and fatty (30.5% fat) ground beef inoculated with approximately 107 Escherichia coli 0157:H7 cells per g. Inoculated ground meat was sealed in glass thermal death time tubes which were completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at prescribed temperatures for predetermined lengths of time. Survival was determined by enumeration on plate count agar (PCA) containing 1% sodium pyruvate and by the 2-h indole test of Lee and McClain (7). D-values for fatty ground beef exceeded those for lean ground beef at the temperatures tested. D-values for lean and fatty ground beef at 125°F were 78.2 and 115.5 min, respectively, as enumerated on PCA plus pyruvate. D-values at 135°F were 4.1 and 5.3 min for lean and fatty beef. At 145°F D-values were determined to be 0.3 and 0.5 min. D-values calculated from 2-h indole test data for lean and fatty ground beef at 125°F were 80.1 and 121.0 min, respectively. D-values at 135°F were 4.0 and 7.4 min for lean and fatty beef and at 145°F a D-value of 0.2 min was calculated for lean beef only, due to insufficient survival of E. coli 0157:H7 in fatty beef at this temperature. The z-values determined for lean beef and fatty beef using PCA were 8.3 and 8.4°F respectively. The z-value for lean beef using the 2-h indole data was 7.8°F. No z-value for fatty beef using 2-h indole data could be determined.

scholarly journals Kualitas Daging Ikan Kurisi (Nemipterus japonicus) Hasil Tangkapan Nelayan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Branta, Pamekasan

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-319
Author(s):  
Abdus Salam Junaedi ◽  
Fortunata Riana ◽  
Harfatia Chandra Puspita Sari ◽  
Witria Witria ◽  
Muhammad Zainuri
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Nemipterus Japonicus

Kontrol mutu hasil tangkapan nelayan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Branta, Pamekasan masih belum dilaksanakan dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kualitas daging ikan kurisi berdasarkan nilai Total Plate Count (TPC), keanekaragaman jenis, total kelimpahan jenis bakteri heterotrof dan patogen pada media TSA, EMB, SSA, dan TCBS. Nilai TPC bakteri heterotrof (TSA) adalah 8,59 Log CFU/g dengan 7 keanekaragaman jenis dan total kelimpahan tertinggi antara 2-336 koloni (BH3). Nilai TPC bakteri patogen (EMB) adalah 3,72 Log CFU/g dengan 6 keanekaragaman jenis dan total kelimpahan tertinggi antara 784-1009 koloni (BPE4), serta isolat bakteri BPE1 yang berwarna hijau metalik diduga sebagai Escherichia coli. Nilai TPC bakteri patogen (SSA) adalah 4,12 Log CFU/g dengan 5 keanekaragaman jenis dan total kelimpahan tertinggi antara 35-450 koloni (BPS1), serta isolat bakteri BPS1 yang berwarna hitam diduga sebagai Salmonella sp. Nilai TPC bakteri patogen (TCBS) adalah 5,41 Log CFU/g dengan 2 keanekaragaman jenis dan total kelimpahan tertinggi antara 0-44 koloni (BPT1). Isolat bakteri BPT1 dan BPT2 yang berwarna hijau dan kuning diduga sebagai Vibrio parahaemolyticus dan Vibrio vulnificus.

Enumeration of Total Aerobic Bacteria and Escherichia coli in Minced Meat and on Carcass Surface Samples with an Automated Most-Probable-Number Method Compared with Colony Count Protocols

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2500-2503 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PAULSEN ◽  
E. SCHOPF ◽  
F. J. M. SMULDERS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Minced Meat

An automated most-probable-number (MPN) system for the enumeration of total bacterial flora and Escherichia coli was compared with plate count agar and tryptone-bile-glucuronide (TBX) and ColiID (in-house method) agar methodology. The MPN partitioning of sample aliquots was done automatically on a disposable card containing 48 wells of 3 different volumes, i.e., 16 replicates per volume. Bacterial growth was detected by the formation of fluorescent 4-methylumbilliferone. After incubation, the number of fluorescent wells was read with a separate device, and the MPN was calculated automatically. A total of 180 naturally contaminated samples were tested (pig and cattle carcass surfaces, n = 63; frozen minced meat, n = 62; and refrigerated minced meat, n = 55). Plate count agar results and MPN were highly correlated (r = 0.99), with log MPN =−0.25 + 1.05·log CFU (plate count agar) (n = 163; range, 2.2 to 7.5 log CFU/g or cm2). Only a few discrepancies were recorded. In two samples (1.1%), the differences were ≥1.0 log; in three samples (1.7%), the differences were ≥0.5 log. For E. coli, regression analysis was done for all three methods for 80 minced meat samples, which were above the limit of detection (1.0 log CFU/g): log MPN = 0.18 + 0.98·log CFU (TBX), r = 0.96, and log MPN =−0.02 + 0.99·log CFU (ColiID), r = 0.99 (range, 1.0 to 4.2 log CFU/g). Four discrepant results were recorded, with differences of >0.5 but <1.0 log unit. These results suggest that the automated MPN method described is a suitable and labor-saving alternative to colony count techniques for total bacterial flora and E. coli determination in minced meat or on carcass surfaces.

Destruction de Microbacterium lacticum, Escherichia coli et Staphylococcus aureus au cours du séchage du lait par atomisation. I. Dénombrement sélectif des bactéries survivantes

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-720
Author(s):  
A. Chopin ◽  
G. Mocquot ◽  
Y. Le Graet
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Plate Counts

In this paper a method which allows the measure of microbial death rate during spray-drying by means of a streptomycin-resistant mutant that can be grown on a streptomycin-containing agar is described. Plate counts of Microbacterium lacticum, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus recovered from skim milk powders were done on plate count agar in the presence and absence of streptomycin and on various selective media. The powders were produced from evaporated milk previously inoculated with those organisms.Our results showed that the proposed method allows the recovery of 78% of M. lacticum, 61% of E. coli, and 100% of S. aureus that survived spray-drying. Recoveries of surviving E. coli on violet bile agar and brilliant green bile 2% were 34% and 29% respectively. Baird-Parker and mannitol salt agar media allow the recovery of all surviving S. aureus, thus showing that S. aureus cells did not lose their ability to grow in media containing 7.5% NaCl. Our results show that physiological injury of the cells during spray-drying differs from injury due to heating only. [Traduit par le journal]

scholarly journals POTENSI INFUSA DAUN NANGKA SEBAGAI OBAT KUMUR HERBAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Christ Alfianus Tosubu ◽  
Nunung Sulistyani ◽  
Nur Khikmah
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
The Difference

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji potensi daun nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) sebagai obat kumur herbal dengan melihat jumlah pertumbuhan koloni bakteri rongga mulut sebelum dan sesudah berkumur dengan infusa daun nangka. Daun nangka berwarna hijau muda yang diperoleh dari Babadan, Banguntapan, Bantul dibuat simplisia. Penentuan potensi dilakukan dengan menentukan perbedaan jumlah pertumbuhan koloni bakteri rongga mulut sebelum dan sesudah berkumur dengan infusa daun nangka. Uji potensi infusa daun nangka sebagai obat kumur dilakukan dengan menghitung perbedaan jumlah koloni bakteri rongga yang diperoleh dengan melakukan swab pada pangkal lidah sebelum dan sesudah berkumur. Perhitungan koloni bakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode hitung cawan (total plate count) pada media plate count agar (PCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata jumlah koloni bakteri sebelum dan sesudah berkumur dengan infusa daun nangka yaitu 1,78 x 107 CFU/mL dan 7,71 x 106 CFU/mL. Perlakuan pemberian obat kumur infusa daun nangka secara signifikan mampu menurunkan jumlah koloni bakteri rongga mulut. Infusa daun nangka berpotensi sebagai alternatif obat kumur herbal. THE POTENCY OF JACKFRUIT LEAF INFUSION AS A HERBAL MOUTHWASHThis study was conducted to examine the potential of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) leaves as a herbal mouthwash by identifying the growth of bacterial colonies in the oral cavity before and after gargling with jackfruit leaf infusion. The light green jackfruit leaves obtained from Babadan, Banguntapan, Bantul were made simplicia. The determination of potency was done by determining the difference in the number of bacterial colony growth in the oral cavity before and after gargling with jackfruit leaf infusion. The potential test of jackfruit leaf infusion as a mouthwash was carried out by calculating the difference in the number of cavity bacterial colonies obtained by swab at the base of the tongue before and after gargling. Bacterial colonies were counted using the total plate count method on plate count agar (PCA) media. The results showed that the average number of bacterial colonies before and after rinsing with jackfruit leaf infusion was 1.78 x 107 CFU/mL and 7.71 x 106 CFU/mL. The treatment of giving jackfruit leaf infusion mouthwash was significantly able to reduce the number of bacterial colonies in the oral cavity. Jackfruit leaf infusion has the potential as an alternative to herbal mouthwash.

Comparison of Methods for Determining Coliform and Escherichia coli Levels in Apple Cider†

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1302-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
TODD M. SILK ◽  
ELLIOT T. RYSER ◽  
CATHERINE W. DONNELLY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Positive Results

The main objective of this research was to determine the easiest and most reliable media for enumerating coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli levels in apple cider. During the autumn of 1994 a total of 59 apple cider samples were collected directly from 12 cider producers and were assessed for bacterial levels and pH. Plate count agar was used to determine heterotrophic bacteria levels. Coliform levels were determined using three different media: violet red bile agar (VRBA), Petrifilm High Sensitivity Coliform Count Plates (PHSCCP), and Trypticase soy agar with a VRBA overlay (TSA/VRBA) for attempted recovery of coliforms injured by the low pH of the apple cider. Eosin methylene blue agar (EMBA) and Petrifilm E. coli Count Plates were used to screen cider samples for E. coli. Apple cider had an average pH of 3.34 ± 0.08. Heterotrophic bacterial levels ranged from 2.30 to 7.11 log CFU/ml. All cider samples contained coliform bacteria with levels varying greatly; on the different media, we found the following: on VRBA, <1.00 to 4.37 log CFU/ml; on TSA/VRBA, 1.20 to 4.40 log CFU/ml; and on PHSCCP, < 1.00 to 4.56 log CFU/ml. Coliform levels were most easily determined in apple cider by using PHSCCP. However TSA/VRBA proved to be more reliable; coliform detection was significantly (P < 0.05) increased. EMBA was ineffective for screening apple cider for E. coli, with the low pH of the cider producing many false-positive results. E. coli was only recovered by using Petrifilm E. coli Count Plates with one of the 59 samples positive for E. coli (non-O157:H7) at a level of 10 CFU/ml.

Comparison of Antibiotic-Containing Media and Media Supplemented with Dichloran and Rose Bengal for Isolation and Enumeration of Fungi in Spices

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 815-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOANNA H. ROGERS ◽  
PHILIP S. GUARINO
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Extract Agar ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Yeast Extract Agar

Yeast and mold counts of various spice products were determined using Dichloran Rose Bengal agar, Phytone Yeast Extract agar with added Dichloran and Rose Bengal, and Antibiotic Plate Count agar. Media containing the added Dichloran and Rose Bengal proved superior to media without Dichloran and Rose Bengal in controlling mold overgrowth, and promoting distinct colony morphology. Results were obtained 2 d earlier using Phytone Yeast Extract agar with added Dichloran and Rose Bengal.

Evaluation of Various Media for Recovery of Thermally-Injured Escherichia coli O157:H71

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAHED M. AHMED ◽  
DONALD E. CONNER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Effective Medium ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Better Than

Efficacies of plating media for recovering heated Escherichia coli O157:H7 were determined and compared. To compare populations of recovered cells, suspensions of cells (three isolates, four replications/isolate) were heated at 50, 55, or 60°C, and then inoculated onto eight media: PCA-PA (plate count agar with 1% pyruvic acid [PA]), MSA (MacConkey sorbitol agar), MSA-Mg (MSA with 0.025% MgSO4), MSA-PA (MSA with 1% PA), MSA-MUG (MSA with 0.005% 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-glucuronide (MUG), PRSA-MUG (phenol red sorbitol agar [PSRA] with 0.005% MUG), PRSA-PA (PRSA with 1% PA), and TSA-PA (tryptic soy agar with 1% PA). Recovery was consistently higher (P < 0.05) with PRSA-MUG and PRSA-PA. At 50, 55, and 60°C, mean numbers (log10 CFU/ml) of recovered cells on PRSA-MUG were 4.42, 4.62, and 3.32, respectively, as compared to 2.78, 2.08, and 1.63, respectively, on MSA. PCA-PA and TSA-PA were less effective than PRSA media, but better than MSA media. Thus, PRSA with MUG or PA was an effective medium for recovering heated cells of E. coli O157:H7; whereas MSA failed to detect sublethally injured cells. Furthermore, addition of Mg, PA, or MUG to MSA further compromised this medium.

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