Enumeration of Total Aerobic Bacteria and Escherichia coli in Minced Meat and on Carcass Surface Samples with an Automated Most-Probable-Number Method Compared with Colony Count Protocols

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2500-2503 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PAULSEN ◽  
E. SCHOPF ◽  
F. J. M. SMULDERS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Minced Meat

An automated most-probable-number (MPN) system for the enumeration of total bacterial flora and Escherichia coli was compared with plate count agar and tryptone-bile-glucuronide (TBX) and ColiID (in-house method) agar methodology. The MPN partitioning of sample aliquots was done automatically on a disposable card containing 48 wells of 3 different volumes, i.e., 16 replicates per volume. Bacterial growth was detected by the formation of fluorescent 4-methylumbilliferone. After incubation, the number of fluorescent wells was read with a separate device, and the MPN was calculated automatically. A total of 180 naturally contaminated samples were tested (pig and cattle carcass surfaces, n = 63; frozen minced meat, n = 62; and refrigerated minced meat, n = 55). Plate count agar results and MPN were highly correlated (r = 0.99), with log MPN =−0.25 + 1.05·log CFU (plate count agar) (n = 163; range, 2.2 to 7.5 log CFU/g or cm2). Only a few discrepancies were recorded. In two samples (1.1%), the differences were ≥1.0 log; in three samples (1.7%), the differences were ≥0.5 log. For E. coli, regression analysis was done for all three methods for 80 minced meat samples, which were above the limit of detection (1.0 log CFU/g): log MPN = 0.18 + 0.98·log CFU (TBX), r = 0.96, and log MPN =−0.02 + 0.99·log CFU (ColiID), r = 0.99 (range, 1.0 to 4.2 log CFU/g). Four discrepant results were recorded, with differences of >0.5 but <1.0 log unit. These results suggest that the automated MPN method described is a suitable and labor-saving alternative to colony count techniques for total bacterial flora and E. coli determination in minced meat or on carcass surfaces.

Comparison of β-Glucuronidase and Indole-Based Direct Plating Methods for Enumerating Escherichia coli in Artificially Inoculated Ground Meats

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 933-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELON W. FRAMPTON ◽  
LAWRENCE RESTAINO ◽  
NANCY BLASZKO
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indole Production

Peptone tergitol glucuronide (PTG) agar containing 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D glucuronide (MUG) (for β-glucuronidase activity), the Holbrook, Anderson, Baird-Parker (HABP) method (for detecting indole production), and the standard 3-tube most probable number (MPN) method were compared with plate count agar (PCA) for enumerating three strains of unstressed Escherichia coli artificially inoculated into ground beef and chicken at 1–6 × 106 cells/g. No significant difference (P>0.05) was determined between PTG agar and PCA in the recovery of E. coli. The MPN method enumerated a significantly greater (P<0.05) number of E. coli cells than PCA. Compared with PCA, the HABP method recovered a significantly lower (P<0.05) number of E. coli cells from chicken, whereas no significant difference (P>0.05) was obtained with ground beef. When combining all data from chicken and beef, the recovery of E. coli cells by the HABP method was also significantly lower (P<0.05). Overall, based on the enumeration of E. coli on PCA, the HABP method, PTG agar, and MPN method recovered 57, 102, and 144%, respectively.

scholarly journals Examination of Escherichia coli Bacteria in Blood Cockle Satay (Anadara granosa) Sold at Surabaya Traditional Market, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Uswatun Khasanah ◽  
Gunanti Mahasri ◽  
Rahayu Kusdarwati
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Blood Cockle ◽  
Anadara Granosa

Cockle satay is one of the Surabaya local food made from the blood cockle (Anadara granosa). Blood cockle, commonly known as a filter feeder, is found in many Surabaya traditional markets. However, it potentially accumulates pollutant substances, both heavy metal or microbial so that improper handling and processing can cause pathogenic bacteria contamination. The present study aimed to investigate the contamination of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in blood cockle satay (Anadara granosa) sold at Surabaya traditional market. The current study used a descriptive observational research design with a quantitative approach. A total of 11 samples were employed using cluster sampling. The obtained data were compared with those of Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology and Indonesian national standard. Based on the obtained results, five samples included E. coli with negative Methyl Red (MR) characteristics, negative Voges-Proskauer (VP) negative citric and positive indole. The Most Probable Number test for six samples indicated a value of <3.0 mpn/gr for one sample, 3.0 mpn/gr for two samples, and 3.6 mpn/gr for three samples. It can be concluded that the blood cockle satay samples sold at Surabaya traditional market (Indonesia) were contaminated with E. coli bacteria.

Comparison of culturable fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli enumeration in freshwaters

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Garcia-Armisen ◽  
Josué Prats ◽  
Pierre Servais
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity

Fecal coliforms (FC) counts were compared with Escherichia coli counts in differently contaminated freshwater samples (n = 166). FC were enumerated by plate count on triphenyl 2,3,5-tetrazolium chloride Tergitol medium. Escherichia coli were enumerated by the most probable number microplate method based on the detection of glucuronidase activity. FC and E. coli counts were highly correlated; an average E. coli/FC ratio equal to 0.77 was found, meaning that on average, 77% of FC were E. coli. Knowing the E. coli/FC ratio allows us to convert the historical microbiological quality data expressed in FC counts into E. coli abundance and thus to compare with present and future monitoring data that are (or will be) based on E. coli enumeration.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli in Street-Vended Kebab in Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Lukman ◽  
D.Y. Sari ◽  
H. Pisestyani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Street Food ◽  
E Coli

Background: Kebab is one of the popular ready-to-eat foods in Indonesia and sold as a street food. The purpose of this study was to determine occurrence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli in street-vended kebab in Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia. Methods: Totally, 43 samples of kebab meat were collected from street food kebab vendors. Examinations on Total Plate Count (TPC), and total E. coli using Most Probable Number (MPN) method were referred to the Indonesia National Standard. The antibiotic resistance test was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: The mean of TPC in kebab samples was 5.3 log10 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g. Based on TPC, 13 out of 43 (30.2%) of kebab samples did not comply with the Indonesia National Standard with maximum acceptable level of 5 log10 CFU/g. E. coli was identified in 5 out of 43 samples (11.6%) with mean of 39.2 MPN/g ranged from 7.4 to 150 MPN/g which were higher than standard level (0.5 log10 CFU/g). Four out of 5 E. coli isolated from kebab samples were resistant to gentamycin. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate and chloramphenicol. Conclusion: The occurrence of antibiotic resistant E. coli in ready-to-eat kebab in this area of Indonesia could cause the health problem in consumers. The local government should conduct the monitoring and surveillance on the occurrence of pathogens and the antibiotic resistance in food chain. 

scholarly journals Keberadaan bakteri patogen pada sampel pangan jajanan anak sekolah dasar di Pulau Sapeken, Sumenep, Jawa Timur

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivani Dayanara ◽  
Retno Kawuri ◽  
Dwi Ariani Yulihastuti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
School Children ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
E Coli

School children snacks are food that is found and routinely consumed by children in the school environment.Good and healthy food must be free from hazardous and toxic materials, such as microbial contamination,chemicals and other materials. The consumed food must meet the microbial contamination requirementsbased on SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia) safety testing. Pathogenic bacteria still a serious problem invarious countries including Indonesia, since they are capable of causing foodborne diseases. Sapeken Islandis located in Sapeken Village, Sapeken District, Sumenep Regency, East Java Province. The purpose of thestudy was to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria in samples of snacks for school children onSapeken Island. The method used was the Most Probable Number (MPN) for Escherichia coli, Test Numberof Bacillus sp., Test Number of Staphyllococcus sp., Identification of Salmonella, and Total Plate Count(TPC). The test results obtained in the MPN of Escherichia coli included SD M (9.9 ± 3.8) MPN / g, SD 5(8.68 ± 2.73) MPN / g, SD IT (5.08 ± 0.66) MPN / g, and SD 4 (4.26 ± 2.44) MPN / g exceed the SNI limit.JURNAL BIOLOGI UDAYANA 23(2): 60-71 P ISSN: 1410-5292 E ISSN: 2599-285661The results of JPT E. coli in snack empek-empek at SD I and SD 2, and JPT E. coli ojek in all elementaryschools is <3 MPN / g. The results of the empek-empek and ojek samples in all elementary schools for alltests with the parameter number Bacillus sp. is <1 x 103, the number of Staphylococcus sp. is <1 x 102,Salmonella identification is negative, TPC is <1 x 105 CFU / g. The conclusion of the study is snack forschool children (empek-empek) and ojek on Sapeken Island does not contain contamination of pathogenicbacteria Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella identification, and TPC, except forthe JPT E. coli test on empek empek in SD M, SD 5, SD IT and SD 4 that exceed SNI limits.

scholarly journals Lessons from a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 infections: insights into the infectious dose and method of widespread contamination of hamburger patties

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. TUTTLE ◽  
T. GOMEZ ◽  
M. P. DOYLE ◽  
J. G. WELLS ◽  
T. ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Patties ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Microbiological Testing

Between November 1992 and February 1993, a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 infections occurred in the western USA and was associated with eating ground beef patties at restaurants of one fast-food chain. Restaurants that were epidemiologically linked with cases served patties produced on two consecutive dates; cultures of recalled ground beef patties produced on those dates yielded E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 strains indistinguishable from those isolated from patients, confirming the vehicle of illness. Seventy-six ground beef patty samples were cultured quantitatively for E. coli O157[ratio ]H7. The median most probable number of organisms was 1·5 per gram (range, <0·3–15) or 67·5 organisms per patty (range, <13·5–675). Correlation of the presence of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 with other bacterial indicators yielded a significant association between coliform count and the presence of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 (P=0·04). A meat traceback to investigate possible sources of contamination revealed cattle were probably initially colonized with E. coli O157[ratio ]H7, and that their slaughter caused surface contamination of meat, which once combined with meat from other sources, resulted in a large number of contaminated ground beef patties. Microbiological testing of meat from lots consumed by persons who became ill was suggestive of an infectious dose for E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 of fewer than 700 organisms. These findings present a strong argument for enforcing zero tolerance for this organism in processed food and for markedly decreasing contamination of raw ground beef. Process controls that incorporate microbiological testing of meat may assist these efforts.

scholarly journals Mechanically Ventilated Broiler Sheds: a Possible Source of Aerosolized Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (23) ◽  
pp. 7417-7425 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Chinivasagam ◽  
T. Tran ◽  
L. Maddock ◽  
A. Gale ◽  
P. J. Blackall
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT This study assessed the levels of two key pathogens, Salmonella and Campylobacter, along with the indicator organism Escherichia coli in aerosols within and outside poultry sheds. The study ranged over a 3-year period on four poultry farms and consisted of six trials across the boiler production cycle of around 55 days. Weekly testing of litter and aerosols was carried out through the cycle. A key point that emerged is that the levels of airborne bacteria are linked to the levels of these bacteria in litter. This hypothesis was demonstrated by E. coli. The typical levels of E. coli in litter were ∼108 CFU g−1 and, as a consequence, were in the range of 102 to 104 CFU m−3 in aerosols, both inside and outside the shed. The external levels were always lower than the internal levels. Salmonella was only present intermittently in litter and at lower levels (103 to 105 most probable number [MPN] g−1) and consequently present only intermittently and at low levels in air inside (range of 0.65 to 4.4 MPN m−3) and once outside (2.3 MPN m−3). The Salmonella serovars isolated in litter were generally also isolated from aerosols and dust, with the Salmonella serovars Chester and Sofia being the dominant serovars across these interfaces. Campylobacter was detected late in the production cycle, in litter at levels of around 107 MPN g−1. Campylobacter was detected only once inside the shed and then at low levels of 2.2 MPN m−3. Thus, the public health risk from these organisms in poultry environments via the aerosol pathway is minimal.

scholarly journals GREEN SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC IRON NANOPARTICLES USING MEDICINAL PLANT TRIDAX PROCUMBENS LEAF EXTRACTS AND ITS APPLICATION AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT AGAINST E. COLI

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
YOJANA Y. PATIL ◽  
VAISHNVI B. SUTAR ◽  
ARPITA P. TIWARI
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Objective: The present study was aimed at the biological synthesis of magnetic iron nanoparticles by using the plant extract of Tridax procumbens and also to study their antimicrobial property against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Methods: The synthesis of magnetic iron nanoparticles was carried out by the co-precipitation method using biological methods like plant extract as reducing agent and capping agents are biocompatible and non-hazardous. These nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). As well as antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was carried out by agar well diffusion method and Most Probable Number (MPN) method against gram-negative E. coli (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Results: The average crystallite size of Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) was found to be 72 nm by X-ray diffraction. The optical absorption band at wavelengths of 240 nm and 402 nm was obtained from the UV Visible spectrum. Spherical shape morphology was observed in SEM studies. The antibacterial assay clearly expressed that E. coli showed a maximum zone of inhibition (15±0.15 mm) at 2 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml concentration was found for Magnetic Nanoparticles. In the Most Probable Number (MPN) test it is seen that the bacterial count is reduced after adding synthesized NPs into the water sample. Conclusion: The results of the present study conclude that the Magnetic Nanoparticles synthesized using Tridax procumbens leaf extracts is found to be stable and show good antibacterial activity against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Drin Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Drink from Different Food Premises in Kota Samarahan Sarawak

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. a13-19
Author(s):  
ELEXSON NILLIAN ◽  
AMIZA NUR ◽  
DIYANA NUR ◽  
AMIRAH ZAKIRAH ◽  
GRACE BEBEY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Stx1 Gene

Contamination of drinks with E. coli O157:H7 served in food premises such as restaurants can cause haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome to humans. The presence or absence of faecal pathogen was demonstrated using coliform group as indicator microorganisms. Therefore, this study was conducted to detect the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water from food restaurant premise in Kota Samarahan and Kuching to ensure safe and potable drinking water is served to the consumer. A total of thirty (n=30) drink samples including six types of each of the samples are cold plain water, iced tea, iced milo, syrup and iced milk tea. Most Probable Number (MPN) procedure was used in this study to enumerate the MPN values of coliform bacteria in each drink collected. A total of 53.33% (16/30) of the drink samples showed positive E. coli detection. Then, the PCR assay showed 6.25% (one out of 16 isolates) samples were positive and carried stx1 gene produced by E. coli O157:H7 in iced milo sample types. This study showed the drinks collected from food premises was contaminated with faecal contamination, which was not safe to drink by the consumer. Therefore, preventive actions should be taken to prevent foodborne illness outbreak in future

Survival of Escherichia coli on Lettuce under Field Conditions Encountered in the Northeastern United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1214-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Weller ◽  
Jasna Kovac ◽  
Sherry Roof ◽  
David J. Kent ◽  
Jeffrey I. Tokman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sample Time

ABSTRACT Although wildlife intrusion and untreated manure have been associated with microbial contamination of produce, relatively few studies have examined the survival of Escherichia coli on produce under field conditions following contamination (e.g., via splash from wildlife feces). This experimental study was performed to estimate the die-off rate of E. coli on preharvest lettuce following contamination with a fecal slurry. During August 2015, field-grown lettuce was inoculated via pipette with a fecal slurry that was spiked with a three-strain cocktail of rifampin-resistant nonpathogenic E. coli. Ten lettuce heads were harvested at each of 13 time points following inoculation (0, 2.5, 5, and 24 h after inoculation and every 24 h thereafter until day 10). The most probable number (MPN) of E. coli on each lettuce head was determined, and die-off rates were estimated. The relationship between sample time and the log MPN of E. coli per head was modeled using a segmented linear model. This model had a breakpoint at 106 h (95% confidence interval = 69, 142 h) after inoculation, with a daily decrease of 0.70 and 0.19 log MPN for 0 to 106 h and 106 to 240 h following inoculation, respectively. These findings are consistent with die-off rates obtained in similar studies that assessed E. coli survival on produce following irrigation. Overall, these findings provide die-off rates for E. coli on lettuce that can be used in future quantitative risk assessments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document