Simulation of Energy Used by Foodservice Infrared Heating Equipment with Bentonite Models of Menu Items1

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 789-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. UNKLESBAY ◽  
K. B. UNKLESBAY ◽  
J. M. HENDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Heating ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Heating Equipment ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Colloidal Clay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Canning Industry ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Use

Bentonite-water dispersions were used to simulate 10 menu items heat processed to various degrees of doneness in a foodservice infrared conveyorized oven. Bentonite is an absorptive and colloidal clay with several industrial uses, including simulation of heat transfer mechanisms within the canning industry. Ratios of bentonite to water ranging from 60–78.5% were used and several trends were revealed. First, differences in evaporation losses between the menu items and the bentonite models were least when steaks were simulated to a medium stage of doneness (40–41 C). Second, the mean product yields for the bentonite models tended to be greater than for the menu items, largely because drip loss was not stimulated. Third, when energy usage was monitored during heat processing of three kinds of steak menu items and bentonite models, no significant differences in energy usage were revealed between the menu items and the models. A potential use for models of bentonite-water dispersions during energy studies of foodservice heating equipment was identified.

Developmental Outcome Prediction From Acoustic Cry Analysis in Term and Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
Barry M. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Developmental Outcome ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Perceptual Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Speed Computer ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Bayley Scales

It has been suggested that the cry may reflect the neurophysiologic integrity of the infant and relate to later developmental outcome. In this study, the cry was recorded at term conceptional age in 18 preterm and 13 term infants using a standardized procedure and analyzed by high-speed computer. At 18 months of age, a significant number of infants were correctly classified as scoring high or low on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development based on the mean and variability in the fundamental frequency, variability in the first formant, and the amplitude of the cry. At 5 years of age, a significant number of infants were correctly classified on the McCarthy General Cognitive Index and on the verbal, perceptual-performance, and quantitative subscales based on the variability of the fundamental frequency, variability of the first formant, and amplitude and duration of the cry. Although preliminary, this study supports the potential use of the cry as a noninvasive measure to detect developmental outcome in the infant at risk.

Reproduction of Globodera pallida on tissue culture-derived potato plants and their potential use in resistance screening process

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Mwangi ◽  
Björn Niere ◽  
Matthias Daub ◽  
Maria R. Finckh ◽  
Sebastian Kiewnick
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Germplasm ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Use

Summary Globodera pallida infestation on potato is responsible for huge yield losses globally. Screening of potato germplasm for resistance to the nematode at the early stages of a breeding programme can significantly enhance resistance-based management. This study assessed the suitability of tissue culture (TC)-derived potato plants as screening material for resistance to G. pallida. Reproduction of the nematode on TC plants was similar to the reproduction on tuber- and eye-plug-derived plants. The pot volume, inoculum density and inoculation time had a significant effect on the reproduction. A positive correlation was found between the mean number of white females on the root surface and the final number of nematode cysts after extraction. Resistance ranking using TC plants and the tubers yielded comparable results, thus justifying the use of TC in the screening process. Tissue culture plants have the potential of speeding up the screening process and reducing resource requirements, thus lowering breeding cost.

scholarly journals Bovine Plasma β-Mannosidase Activity and Its Potential use for β-Mannosidosis Carrier Detection

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Cavanagh ◽  
Margaret Z. Jones ◽  
Bruce Abbitt ◽  
Ronald Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Carrier Detection ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Gene Dosage Effect ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Selection Of

Plasma β-mannosidase activities were determined for Salers cattle from 8 herds as an evaluation of this method for detection of β-mannosidosis heterozygotes. Several biological factors, such as age, gender, herd, and risk of being a β-mannosidosis carrier, were considered in this study. The mean enzyme activity for obligate heterozygotes (n = 8) was 55 U/ml (range = 43–65 U/ml), which was 59% of the mean enzyme activity for cattle that were low risk for being a carrier. These data indicate that bovine β-mannosidosis is characterized by a gene dosage effect. The analytical and biological variation of plasma β-mannosidase activity that was observed necessitates limiting the test to adult fullblood/purebred Salers cattle within a herd. Plasma β-mannosidase analysis provides important information for intraherd selection of Salers cattle that are heterozygous for β-mannosidosis.

scholarly journals The potential use of Octolasmis spp. parasites in mud crabs Scylla spp. as a bioindicator for mercury pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indriyani Nur ◽  
ERICK ARJUNA ARIS ◽  
YUSNAINI YUSNAINI ◽  
SARA BEAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Mercury Pollution ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Host Tissues ◽  
Mud Crabs

Abstract. Nur I, Aris EA, Yusnaini Y, Beavis S. 2021. The potential use of Octolasmis spp. parasites in mud crabs Scylla spp. as a bioindicator for mercury pollution. Biodiversitas 22: 3764-3772. Artisanal small-scale gold mining and the use of mercury is widespread across Indonesia, often characterized by relatively short-lived gold rushes. In the late and post-mining phases, mercury stored in mine tailings and river beds was transported down catchment, posing risks to ecosystems and human health over much longer time scales. These risks can be under-rated when mercury concentrations in water, sediments, and aquatic species are low enough to meet relevant guideline thresholds. In this study in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, we have investigated the Costraca barnacle, Octolasmis, as a bioindicator of mercury contamination. The presence of Octolasmis parasites in mud crabs, Scylla spp., and the accumulation of mercury (Hg) in the hosts, parasites, and the ambient environment, were analyzed across both dry and wet seasons. Severe infestation of Octolasmis was assessed using prevalence, abundance, and intensity. Hg concentrations were significantly higher in the Octolasmis parasites than in the host tissues, water and sediments. The mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Hg equaled 7938.21 from water to parasites, and 28.91 from the host’s gill tissue to the parasites. The results suggest that Octolasmis spp. can be used effectively as a bioindicator in coastal catchments impacted by mercury contamination, even when concentrations of mercury are low in water and river sediments. The study provides the first report of Octolasmis spp. parasitized to mud crabs as a reliable bioindicator of Hg contamination and pollution.

scholarly journals Relationships between electrical impedance and fluid losses from turkey breast meat

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
H. J. Swatland ◽  
B. Uttaro ◽  
J. Mohr ◽  
N. Buddiger
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Turkey Meat ◽  
Reliable Predictor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fluid Losses

Abstract. Breast muscles were removed from turkeys soon after slaughter. The meat quality was judged to be normal with little or no evidence of the pale, soft, exudative (PSE) condition. Fluid losses the day after slaughter were 0.50 SD 0.35 %. The most reliable predictor of fluid losses was resistance: r = –0.37 at 120 kHz, –0.30 at 1 Hz and –0.34 at 10 kHz (P < 0.001, n = 156). Between 1 and 4 days post-mortem, the mean drip loss from slices of turkey meat in a cooler was 4.31 SD 1.91%. Resistance was correlated with cooler drip loss: r = –0.61 at 120 Hz, –0.51 at 1 kHz and –0.62 at 10 kHz (P < 0.001, n = 45).

scholarly journals KOMUNITAS LEPIDOPTERA DAN PARASITOIDNYA PADA PERTANAMAN MENTIMUN DI BOGOR, SUKABUMI DAN CIANJUR, JAWA BARAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Evawaty S. Ulina ◽  
Akhmad Rizali ◽  
Pudjianto . ◽  
Sjafrida Manuwoto ◽  
Damayanti Buchori
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
Diaphania Indica ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Potential Use

Lepidopteran community and its parasitoid on cucumber field in Bogor, Sukabumi and Cianjur District, West Java. Cucumber is one of horticultural commodities that are widely cultivated in Indonesia, but information related to Lepidoptera pests and their parasitoids are limited. The aim of this study was to obtain information about Lepidopteran community on cucumber and their parasitoid diversity. Lepidopteran larvae were collected from 16 cucumber sites in the District of Bogor, Sukabumi and Cianjur in November 2014 until May 2015. Larvae were collected from each cucumber plant follow along 60 m transects. Larvae were collected from the field then brought to the laboratory. All larvae were then reared on cucumber leaves until pupation and parasitoids emerged. The data obtained were tested by analysis of the mean and analysis of variance (One way ANOVA) using the program R Stat. The results showed that cucumber plants were attacked by six species (morphospecies) belonging to four families of Lepidoptera. Diaphania indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the most abundant species found. All species (morphospecies) of Lepidoptera are more common when the cucumber plants are in the generative growth stage. Our result further showed that D. indica was attacked by 9 parasitoid larvae and 3 parasitoid pupae, C. chalcites (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by 5 parasitoids dan S. litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by 2 parasitoids. A braconid, Apanteles taragamae, is the most common parasitoid of D. indica found in the field. Its parasitism rate can reach 27% in the field. Overall, this research revealed that a number of parasitoids, that were found attacking Lepidopteran on cucumber indicates their potential use as biological control agents in this agroecosystems.

scholarly journals A method of designing equipment for heat processing of polymer workpieces

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (2) ◽  
pp. 022016
Author(s):  
A O Glebov ◽  
S V Karpushkin
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Parametric Optimization ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Uniform Temperature ◽  
Heating Equipment ◽  
Uniform Heating ◽  
Rubber Mixture ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Sequential Solution ◽  
Uniform Temperature Field

Abstract The paper describes a method of designing heating equipment that maintains a predetermined temperature field. The method consists in sequential solution of two problems. At the first stage, the heat generation field was calculated using the stationary heat conduction equation. At the second stage, parametric optimization of the temperature field was performed with reference to the power and configuration limits of the heaters. To test this method, the problem of maintaining a predetermined non-uniform temperature field was solved. A practical example of the application of the method for designing a uniform heating plate used in vulcanizing presses was given. To assess the efficiency of the plate, the results of modeling the heat processing of a workpiece from a rubber mixture were presented.

scholarly journals Investigation of Ferrimagnetic Sr-hexaferrite Nanocrystals for Clinical Hyperthermia

2021 ◽  
pp. X
Author(s):  
Burcu ERTUĞ
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Ceramic Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sr-hexaferrite samples were produced via the conventional ceramic method. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) patterns confirmed the single nanocrystal phase as Sr-hexaferrite where any pattern peaks of unreacted Fe2O3 phase were  not detected. The mean crystallite size values were determined to be 44.12±3.4nm and 41.2±3.2nm for SHF-O1 and SHF-O2, respectively. The chemical bonding peaks of our sample indicated that the structure of Sr-hexaferrite formation was confirmed by FTIR spectra result. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated clearly observed porosity regions with relative densities as high as 94% and 87% for SHF-O1 and SHF-O2 samples.The vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) of each sample at 2K and under a magnetic field of 10 kOe yielded saturation magnetizations, Ms of 93.5 and 94.1 emu/g; remanence values, Mr of 76.4 and  67.8 emu/g for SHF-O1 and SHF-O2, respectively. The magnetization loops of both samples indicated a soft ferrimagnetic behaviour in which the saturation magnetizations were higher than those measured  at room temperature in the previous studies. The coercivities, Hc were measured to be 150Oe for both samples. The squareness values, SQR (Mr/Ms) were measured to be high, approximately 0.82 and 0.72 for SHF-O1 and SHF-O2, respectively. Depending on the adequate values of magnetization and coercivity along with small mean crystallite size and low porosity values of the obtained Sr-hexaferrite samples, we estimate that these samples are likely to be evaluated further for the potential use as thermoseeds in the field of clinical hyperthermia.

Particle density and the plummet balance

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Emerson ◽  
D. Weissmann
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Use

Soil suspensions are usually characterised by the percentage weights of particles settling with velocities between defined limits, such as silt and clay. If percentages were measured sufficiently accurately by both the pipette method and a plummet balance, dry densities of fractions could be calculated and hence their composition inferred. The accuracy and precision of the pipette method were confirmed by the mass balance of particles in peptised suspensions of a red-brown earth subsoil and a kaolinite. Percentages indicated by a plummet balance were corrected for the actual densities of fractions measured separately. Residual differences from the pipette values showed that the balance was accurate but lacked the precision needed to deduce densities to 0.01 mg/mm3. Values of the density of clay fractions were deduced from the means of published percentages obtained by the two methods where replicate suspensions were used and also from the mean difference based on a comparison using 199 soil samples. For the latter, an underestimate of clay percentages indicated by the balance had first to be allowed for. Clay-deduced densities were in the range 2.80–2.83 mg/mm3, compared with 2.84 mg/mm3 measured on the separated subsoil clay. The values are similar, probably because the clays are derived from mica. The density of the separated subsoil silt was 2.64 mg/mm3, less than quartz, because of the presence of feldspar. Such results indicate the potential use of the method if the precision of the balance is improved.

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