Reproduction of Globodera pallida on tissue culture-derived potato plants and their potential use in resistance screening process

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Mwangi ◽  
Björn Niere ◽  
Matthias Daub ◽  
Maria R. Finckh ◽  
Sebastian Kiewnick
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Germplasm ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Use

Summary Globodera pallida infestation on potato is responsible for huge yield losses globally. Screening of potato germplasm for resistance to the nematode at the early stages of a breeding programme can significantly enhance resistance-based management. This study assessed the suitability of tissue culture (TC)-derived potato plants as screening material for resistance to G. pallida. Reproduction of the nematode on TC plants was similar to the reproduction on tuber- and eye-plug-derived plants. The pot volume, inoculum density and inoculation time had a significant effect on the reproduction. A positive correlation was found between the mean number of white females on the root surface and the final number of nematode cysts after extraction. Resistance ranking using TC plants and the tubers yielded comparable results, thus justifying the use of TC in the screening process. Tissue culture plants have the potential of speeding up the screening process and reducing resource requirements, thus lowering breeding cost.

Pilot study for cystic fibrosis neonatal screening: the Cuban experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1857-1864
Author(s):  
Elisa M. Castells ◽  
Aramis Sánchez ◽  
Amarilys Frómeta ◽  
Yanin Mokdse ◽  
Nelson Ozunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Unequal Variance ◽  
National Network ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackgroundIn Cuba, no screening program for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been implemented yet. The ultramicro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (UMELISA)® TIR NEONATAL has been developed for the measurement of immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) in dried blood spots on filter paper. The analytical performance of the kit was evaluated in the national network of laboratories.MethodsNewborn dried blood samples (DBS) were evaluated in 16 laboratories. An IRT/IRT/DNA protocol was followed using a cut-off value of 50 ng/mL. The mean, median and percentiles of the distribution were calculated and a two-sample t-test with unequal variance was used for statistical analysis. Influence of perinatal factors on IRT levels was analyzed.ResultsFrom January to June 2018, 6470 newborns were studied, obtaining a mean IRT value of 12.09 ng/mL (ranging 0–358 ng/mL) and a median of 8.99 ng/mL. Fifty-two samples (0.78%) were above the cut-off level and 16 samples (0.24%) were elevated in the re-screening process. One of them was confirmed positive by molecular biology (phe508del/c.3120 + 1G > A), constituting the first newborn screened and diagnosed early in Cuba. Second DBS samples were collected on average at 14 days and processed in the laboratory at 16 days of birth. Significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) when evaluating the influence of gender, birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) on the IRT values. Lower IRT concentrations were found in samples processed after 10 days of collection.ConclusionsThe performance of UMELISA® TIR NEONATAL in the laboratories has been satisfactory; hence CF newborn screening (NBS) was extended throughout the country from January 2019.

scholarly journals In-Furrow Applications of Metalaxyl and Phosphite for Control of Pink Rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica) of Potato in New Brunswick, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1305-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil I. Al-Mughrabi ◽  
Rick D. Peters ◽  
H. W. (Bud) Platt ◽  
Gilles Moreau ◽  
Appanna Vikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Pink Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Erythroseptica ◽  
Sensitive Isolate ◽  
The Mean

The efficacy of metalaxyl-m (Ridomil Gold 480EC) and phosphite (Phostrol) applied at planting in-furrow against pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica) of potato (Solanum tuberosum) ‘Shepody’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ was evaluated in field trials conducted in 2005 and 2006 in Florenceville, New Brunswick, Canada. Inoculum made from a metalaxyl-m-sensitive isolate of P. erythroseptica from New Brunswick was applied either in-furrow as a vermiculite slurry at planting or as a zoospore drench in soils adjacent to potato plants in late August. After harvest, the number and weight of tubers showing pink rot symptoms were assessed and expressed as percentages of the total tuber number and total weight of tubers. Metalaxyl-m applied in-furrow was significantly more effective against pink rot than phosphite. The mean percentage of diseased tubers as a percentage of total tuber weight was 1.5% (2005) and 1.2% (2006) for metalaxyl-m-treated plots and 9.6% (2005) and 2.8% (2006) for phosphite-treated plots, a percentage similar to that obtained in inoculated control plots with no fungicide treatment. The mean percentage of diseased tubers expressed as a percentage of the total number of tubers was 1.7% (2005) and 1.3% (2006) for metalaxyl-m-treated plots and 10.1% (2005) and 3.1% (2006) for phosphite-treated plots. Disease incidence was significantly higher using the late-season inoculation technique (respective means in 2005 and 2006 were 9.9 and 3.8% diseased tubers, by weight, and 10.6 and 3.9%, by number) than with the in-furrow inoculation method (respective means in 2005 and 2006 were 3.3 and 0.7% by weight, and 3.7 and 1.3%, by number). The potato cv. Shepody was significantly more susceptible to pink rot (9.9 and 3.3% diseased tubers, by weight, in 2005 and 2006, respectively, and 10.6 and 3.9%, by number) than Russet Burbank (respective means in 2005 and 2006 were 3.4,% and 1.2%, by weight, and 3.7,% and 1.2%, by number). Our findings indicate that metalaxyl applied in-furrow at planting is a viable option for control of pink rot caused by metalaxyl-sensitive strains of P. erythroseptica, whereas phosphite was ineffective.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Azotobacter chroococcum in Crop Production: An Overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sartaj Wani ◽  
Subhash Chand ◽  
Tahir Ali
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
High Effectiveness ◽  
Potential Use

Research on Azotobacter chroococcum spp. in crop production has manifested its significance in plant nutrition and its contribution to soil fertility. The possibility of using Azotobacter chroococcum in research experiments as microbial inoculant through production of growth substances and their effects on the plant has markedly enhanced crop production in agriculture. Being soil bacteria, Azotobacteria genus synthesizes auxins, cytokinins, and GA–like substances, and these growth materials are the primary substances controlling the enhanced growth. These hormonal substances, which originate from the rhizosphere or root surface, affect the growth of the closely associated higher plants. In order to guarantee the high effectiveness of inoculants and microbiological fertilizers it is necessary to find the compatible partners, i.e. a particular plant genotype and a particular Azotobacter strain that will form a good association.

Developmental Outcome Prediction From Acoustic Cry Analysis in Term and Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
Barry M. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Developmental Outcome ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Perceptual Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Speed Computer ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Bayley Scales

It has been suggested that the cry may reflect the neurophysiologic integrity of the infant and relate to later developmental outcome. In this study, the cry was recorded at term conceptional age in 18 preterm and 13 term infants using a standardized procedure and analyzed by high-speed computer. At 18 months of age, a significant number of infants were correctly classified as scoring high or low on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development based on the mean and variability in the fundamental frequency, variability in the first formant, and the amplitude of the cry. At 5 years of age, a significant number of infants were correctly classified on the McCarthy General Cognitive Index and on the verbal, perceptual-performance, and quantitative subscales based on the variability of the fundamental frequency, variability of the first formant, and amplitude and duration of the cry. Although preliminary, this study supports the potential use of the cry as a noninvasive measure to detect developmental outcome in the infant at risk.

Simulation of Energy Used by Foodservice Infrared Heating Equipment with Bentonite Models of Menu Items1

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 789-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. UNKLESBAY ◽  
K. B. UNKLESBAY ◽  
J. M. HENDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Heating ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Heating Equipment ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Colloidal Clay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Canning Industry ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Use

Bentonite-water dispersions were used to simulate 10 menu items heat processed to various degrees of doneness in a foodservice infrared conveyorized oven. Bentonite is an absorptive and colloidal clay with several industrial uses, including simulation of heat transfer mechanisms within the canning industry. Ratios of bentonite to water ranging from 60–78.5% were used and several trends were revealed. First, differences in evaporation losses between the menu items and the bentonite models were least when steaks were simulated to a medium stage of doneness (40–41 C). Second, the mean product yields for the bentonite models tended to be greater than for the menu items, largely because drip loss was not stimulated. Third, when energy usage was monitored during heat processing of three kinds of steak menu items and bentonite models, no significant differences in energy usage were revealed between the menu items and the models. A potential use for models of bentonite-water dispersions during energy studies of foodservice heating equipment was identified.

scholarly journals Studies on lolium multiflorum endosperm in tissue culture I. Nutrition

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M MeryI Smith ◽  
BA Stone
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Equimolar Mixture ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liquid Suspension Culture

Stocks of L. multiflorum endosperm callus have been maintained in liquid suspension culture on a modified White's medium for 5 years. The mean doubling time under the conditions used is 3� 2 days. Best growth is obtained on sucrose; fructose and glucose are good carbon sources, whereas growth is only moderate on an equimolar mixture of both.

scholarly journals Bovine Plasma β-Mannosidase Activity and Its Potential use for β-Mannosidosis Carrier Detection

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Cavanagh ◽  
Margaret Z. Jones ◽  
Bruce Abbitt ◽  
Ronald Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Carrier Detection ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Gene Dosage Effect ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Selection Of

Plasma β-mannosidase activities were determined for Salers cattle from 8 herds as an evaluation of this method for detection of β-mannosidosis heterozygotes. Several biological factors, such as age, gender, herd, and risk of being a β-mannosidosis carrier, were considered in this study. The mean enzyme activity for obligate heterozygotes (n = 8) was 55 U/ml (range = 43–65 U/ml), which was 59% of the mean enzyme activity for cattle that were low risk for being a carrier. These data indicate that bovine β-mannosidosis is characterized by a gene dosage effect. The analytical and biological variation of plasma β-mannosidase activity that was observed necessitates limiting the test to adult fullblood/purebred Salers cattle within a herd. Plasma β-mannosidase analysis provides important information for intraherd selection of Salers cattle that are heterozygous for β-mannosidosis.

Interactions between field populations of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida and Rhizoctonia solani diseases of potatoes under controlled environment and glasshouse conditions

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuvash Bhattarai ◽  
Patrick P.J. Haydock ◽  
Matthew A. Back ◽  
Martin C. Hare ◽  
William T. Lankford
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Juvenile Population ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract This research elucidates interactions between Globodera pallida and Rhizoctonia solani (AG3) by comparing disease development in potato plants inoculated with G. pallida and R. solani. The effects of juvenile population density and time of infestation on R. solani disease were investigated in controlled environments. Plants were inoculated with a range of densities of second-stage juveniles (J2) of G. pallida (800, 4000, 10 000, 20 000 and 40 000 J2/plant) and R. solani at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after planting and a single treatment of G. pallida density and R. solani alone. The experiment demonstrated that greatest disease incidence and severity occurred when high population densities of G. pallida were applied at an early stage of plant development. To determine if this effect could explain differences in R. solani disease incidence and severity following interactions with individual field populations of G. pallida, a glasshouse experiment was conducted using two populations of G. pallida with known hatching characteristics (fast and slow hatching). The experiment revealed that a combination of a fast-hatching population with R. solani caused significantly more R. solani disease incidence and severity than a population of G. pallida with slower hatching characteristics.

ROOT MAGGOT DAMAGE TO CANOLA AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF DELIA SPP. (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) IN MANITOBA

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Turnock ◽  
B. Timlick ◽  
B.E. Galka ◽  
P. Palaniswamy
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cabbage Root Maggot ◽  
Root Maggot ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Increasing Precipitation

AbstractThe cabbage root maggot, Delia radicum (L.), was the only Delia species capable of attacking undamaged roots of canola [oilseed rape, Brassica napus (L.)] that was found in commercial fields in Manitoba. Adults of the overwintering generation infest canola. Their progeny, adults of the first generation, left the maturing plants after completing a single generation. Root maggot damage occurred in fields in all agricultural regions of the province. The mean percentage of the roots with damage was higher in the more northerly agricultural regions (15.8%) than in the south (8.0%). Most of the damage was light and the damage did not visibly affect the growth or vigour of the plants. Foot rot fungi were not associated with the feeding damage. In cage experiments, the seed yield of canola did not decrease with increasing proportions of plants damaged by D. radicum. The percentage of plants with root maggot damage (DAM) was best described in a polynomial by the mean daily air temperature (TEMP) and the total precipitation (RAIN) for June and July:log(DAM + 1)=–12.3 + 0.66 TEMP + 0.09 RAIN – 0.004(TEMP × RAIN).The level of damage caused by the larvae of D. radicum to canola in commercial fields during the years 1985 through 1988 did not appear to have caused yield losses. However, the level of damage increased with increasing precipitation and temperature during June and July so a series of favourable years could lead to increased damage and possibly to significant yield losses.

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