Effect of Water Activity and Temperature on Staphylococcus aureus Growth and Thermonuclease Production in Smoked Snoek

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. THERON ◽  
B. A. PRIOR
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Very High ◽  
Control Samples

Smoked snoek at different water activity (aw) values (0.966, 0.956 and 0.944) were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of approximately log 4.7 colony forming units per gram (CFU/g) and incubated at different temperatures (4, 12, 24 and 37 C) for various periods. Samples of inoculated and control snoek were taken at different intervals to determine the microbial populations (S. aureus, total organisms and enterococci), pH and presence of thermonuclease. No growth of S. aureus nor thermonuclease production occurred at 4 C. At 12 C, notwithstanding high S. aureus log counts of 6.75/g, 9.74/g and 9.69/g in the inoculated 0.966, 0.956 and 0.944 aw samples, respectively, thermonuclease was absent after 21 days of incubation. At 24 and 37 C at all three aw levels, very high S. aureus counts were recorded and were accompanied by thermonuclease production before the end of the relative incubation periods (5 and 3 days, respectively). A reduction of the aw of the snoek resulted in a slightly slower S. aureus growth rate at 37 C and also delayed thermonuclease production at 24 and 37 C. The thermonuclease test was an effective means of detecting S. aureus growth except in samples incubated at 12 C. Enterococcus numbers increased in all control samples during storage, but none were found to produce thermonuclease.

Chemistry, mineralogy and microbiology of termite mound soil eaten by the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Western Tanzania

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Mahaney ◽  
Jessica Zippin ◽  
Michael W. Milner ◽  
Kandiah Sanmugadas ◽  
R. G. V. Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Termite Mound ◽  
Mahale Mountains ◽  
Mahale Mountains National Park ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
And Control ◽  
Very High ◽  
Control Samples

Subsamples of termite mound soil used by chimpanzees for geophagy, and topsoil never ingested by them, from the forest floor in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, were analysed to determine the possible stimulus or stimuli for geophagy. The ingested samples have a dominant clay texture equivalent to a claystone, whereas the control samples are predominantly sandy clay loam or sandy loam, which indicates that particle size plays a significant role in soil selection for this behaviour. One potential function of the clays is to bind and adsorb toxins. Although both termite mound and control samples have similar alkaloid-binding capacities, they are in every case very high, with the majority of the samples being above 80%. The clay size material (<2 μm) contains metahalloysite and halloysite, the latter a hydrated aluminosilicate (Al2Si2O4·nH2O), present in the majority of both the termite mound soil and control soil samples.Metahalloysite, one of the principal ingredients found in the pharmaceutical Kaopectate™, is used to treat minor gastric ailments in humans. The soils commonly ingested could also function as antacids, as over half had pH values between 7.2 and 8.6. The mean concentrations of the majority of elements measured were greater in the termite mound soils than in the control soils. The termite mound soils had more filamentous bacteria, whereas the control soils contained greater numbers of unicellular bacteria and fungi.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antibakteri Salep Dengan Bahan Aktif Ekstrak Kunyit, Kencur Dan Temugiring Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Yunianto ◽  
Titik Lestari ◽  
Agus Winarso
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Static Group ◽  
Very High

Abstract: Antibacterial Activity, Skin ointment, Turmeric, Kaemferia galanga L, Curcuma heyneana. Indonesia is a country with a very high biodiversity. In the high diversity are stored potent plant potentials that can be extracted and utilized further. People are starting to realize the use of chemicals to solve life problems, especially health problems, in addition to expensive, can also cause adverse side effects for humans. Human life is always surrounded by microbes, either pathogenic or nonpathogenic. Many plants that have properties as antibacterial, such as turmeric, Kaemferia galanga L. and Curcuma heyneana. This research use turmeric, Kaemferia galanga L. And Curcuma heyneana extract, as active ingredient of skin ointment. This study aimed to know the extent to which the antibacterial activity of these three ointments against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This type of research was quasi experimental, with the design of Static Group Comparasion. Activity test with wells method with diameter 6,5 mm showed that the mean of clear zone were Kaemferia galanga L. (14,52 mm), turmeric (13,26 mm), Curcuma heyneana (7,89 mm), and control (6.49 mm)

Dip Application of Phosphates and Marinade Mix on Shelf Life of Vacuum-Packaged Chicken Breast Fillets

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1701-1703
Author(s):  
HANNAH BUSES ◽  
LESLIE THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Raw Poultry ◽  
And Control ◽  
Broiler Breast ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Control Samples

The effects of the dip application of a marinade on the shelf life of refrigerated raw vacuum-packaged broiler breast fillets simulating a retail product were evaluated over a 28-day period (at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days) through enumeration of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and total coliforms. Treatment effectively extended shelf life by ca. 14 days (with shelf lives of 28 and 14 days for dipped and control samples, respectively). Coliform growth was inhibited by the treatment, as indicated by counts of 1.6 and 7.4 log CFU/g for dipped and control fillets, respectively, on day 28. Initial coliform counts were similar for both types of fillets on day 0, averaging 2.0 log CFU/g. The data obtained in this study suggest that the dip application of a phosphate-spicemarinade prior to the vacuum packaging of raw poultry may be an effective means of extending the shelf life and possibly improving the safety of raw poultry while providing value-added convenience and flavor.

Changes in the Population Density of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Response to the Allelopathic Effect of Thypha Latifolia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorskiy ◽  
O. Gulay ◽  
V. Gulay ◽  
N. Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Samples

Aim. To determine the response of the populations of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and Leptospira interrogans pathogenic microorganisms to the impact of broadleaf cattail (Thypha latifolia) root diffusates. Methods. Aqueous solutions of T. latifolia root diffusates were sterilized by vacuum fi ltration through the fi lters with 0.2-micron pore diameter. The experimental samples contained cattail secretions, sterile water, and cultures of E. rhusiopathiae or L. interrogans. The same amount of sterile water, as in the experimental samples, was used for the purpose of control, and the same quantity of microbial cultures was added in it. After exposure, the density of cells in the experimental and control samples was determined. Results. Root diffusates of T. latifolia caused an increase in cell density in the populations of E. rhusiopathiae throughout the whole range of the studied dilutions (1:10–1:10000). In the populations of the 6 studied serological variants of L. interrogans spirochetes (pomona, grippotyphosa, copenhageni, kabura, tarassovi, canicola), the action of broadleaf cattail root diffusates caused the decrease in cell density. A stimulatory effect was marked in the experimental samples of the pollonica serological variant of leptospira. Conclusions. The populations of E. rhusiopathiae and L. interrogans pathogenic microorganisms respond to the allelopathic effect of Thypha latifolia by changing the cell density. The obtained results provide the background to assume that broadleaf cattail thickets create favorable conditions for the existence of E. rhusiopathiae pathogen bacteria. The reduced cell density of L. interrogans in the experimental samples compared to the control samples observed under the infl uence of T. latifolia root diffusates suggests that reservoirs with broadleaf cattail thickets are marked by the unfavorable conditions for the existence of pathogenic leptospira (except L. pollonica).

Properties and control of cold-induced small colony variants of Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
pp. 100874
Author(s):  
Jiaju Qiao ◽  
Mengjiao Zhu ◽  
Yun Fan ◽  
Zhaoxin Lu ◽  
Fengxia Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Small Colony Variants ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Sugar and no sugar added fruit microalgae-enriched jams: a study about their physicochemical, rheological, and textural properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaida Natalia Uribe-Wandurraga ◽  
María Bravo-Villar ◽  
Marta Igual ◽  
Carmen Savall ◽  
Purificación García-Segovia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Textural Parameters ◽  
Weak Gel ◽  
Biomass Extract ◽  
And Control ◽  
Colour Coordinates ◽  
Control Samples

AbstractJams are preparations of fruits whose main preserving agent is sugar. Due to this, health concerns of consumers have resulted in a sugar reduction, and its replacement using alternative sweeteners and introducing new ingredients enhancing nutritional properties. In this study, four types of fruits jams (plum, strawberry, apple, and peach), with or without sugar, were prepared using two microalgae biomass, Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) and Chlorella vulgaris, and Dunaliella salina extract as ingredients at different mix levels of concentrations, 0.10%–0.10%–0.05% respectively, for plum; 0.04%–0.00%–0.01 respectively, for strawberry; 0.06%–0.04%–0.00% respectively, for apple and 0.00%–0.01%–0.04% respectively, for peach. Physicochemical, rheological, and textural parameters were evaluated. Substitution of sugar/fructose syrup in the jam’s preparation caused changes in pH values, solid soluble content, and rheological and textural properties compared to sugar jams. Using sugar or sweeteners as isomalt, stevia and sucralose and microalgae biomass or extract showed significant changes in colour coordinates, however, these differences were not perceptible by the human eye. Jams containing microalgae biomass-extract showed higher G', G'', G*, and η* values than their corresponding control samples. All the jams presented weak-gel characteristics, distinguishing fruit jams. However, the results of weak-gel model analysis suggest that the influence of the different ingredients in the food system depends not only on their concentration but also on the interactions in the gel structure. Strawberry and apple jams showed no significant differences between microalgae biomass-extract samples and control samples, for both sugar and no sugar added jams being the best-obtained samples.

scholarly journals The impact of a ‘milking the COW’ campaign in a regional hospital in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surinder Kaur M. S. Pada ◽  
Poh Lishi ◽  
Kim Sim Ng ◽  
Sarathamani Rethenam ◽  
Lilibeth Silagan Alenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Computerisation of various processes in hospitals and reliance on electronic devices raises the concern of contamination of these devices from the patient environment. We undertook this study to determine if an attached hand hygiene device that unlocks the screen of a computer on wheels (COW) on usage can be effective in decreasing the microbiological burden on computer keyboards. Methods An electronic hand sanitizer was integrated onto the COW. A prospective cohort study with a crossover design involving 2 control and 2 intervention wards was used. The study end point was the number of colony forming units found on the keyboards. Bacteria were classified into 4 main groups; pathogenic, skin flora, from the environment or those thought to be commensals in healthy individuals. We then used a mixed effects model for the statistical analysis to determine if there were any differences before and after the intervention. Results Thirty-nine keyboards were swabbed at baseline, day 7 and 14, with 234 keyboards cultured, colony forming units (CFUs) counted and organisms isolated. By mixed model analysis, the difference of mean bacteria count between intervention and control for week 1 was 32.74 (− 32.74, CI − 94.29 to 28.75, p = 0.29), for week 2 by 155.86 (− 155.86, CI − 227.45 to − 83.53, p < 0.0001), and after the 2-week period by 157.04 (− 157.04, CI − 231.53 to − 82.67, p < 0.0001). In the sub-analysis, there were significant differences of pathogenic bacteria counts for the Intervention as compared to the Control in contrast with commensal counts. Conclusion A hand hygiene device attached to a COW may be effective in decreasing the microbiological burden on computer keyboards.

Microbiological Quality of Fresh Blue Crabmeat, Clams and Oysters

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 978-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. WENTZ ◽  
A. P. DURAN ◽  
A. SWARTZENTRUBER ◽  
A. H. SCHWAB ◽  
R. B. READ
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eastern Oysters

The microbiological quality of fresh blue crabmeat, soft- and hardshell clams and shucked Eastern oysters was determined at the retail (crabmeat, oysters) and wholesale (clams) levels. Geometric means of aerobic plate counts incubated at 35°C were: blue crabmeat 140,000 colony-forming units (CFU)/g, hardshell clams, 950 CFU/g, softshell clams 680 CFU/g and shucked Eastern oysters 390,000 CFU/g. Coliform geometric means ranged from 3,6/100 g for hardshell clams to 21/g for blue crabmeat. Means for fecal coliforms or Escherichia coli ranged from &lt;3/100 g for clams to 27/100 g for oysters, The mean Staphylococcus aureus count in blue crabmeat was 10/g.

scholarly journals Real-Time In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antibiotics in a Rat Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Q. Xiong ◽  
Julie Willard ◽  
Jagath L. Kadurugamuwa ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Kevin P. Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Bioluminescent Imaging ◽  
Vancomycin Therapy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Relevant Animal Model ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Therapeutic options for invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections have become limited due to rising antimicrobial resistance, making relevant animal model testing of new candidate agents more crucial than ever. In the present studies, a rat model of aortic infective endocarditis (IE) caused by a bioluminescently engineered, biofilm-positive S. aureus strain was used to evaluate real-time antibiotic efficacy directly. This strain was vancomycin and cefazolin susceptible but gentamicin resistant. Bioluminescence was detected and quantified daily in antibiotic-treated and control animals with IE, using a highly sensitive in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Persistent and increasing cardiac bioluminescent signals (BLS) were observed in untreated animals. Three days of vancomycin therapy caused significant reductions in both cardiac BLS (>10-fold versus control) and S. aureus densities in cardiac vegetations (P < 0.005 versus control). However, 3 days after discontinuation of vancomycin therapy, a greater than threefold increase in cardiac BLS was observed, indicating relapsing IE (which was confirmed by quantitative culture). Cefazolin resulted in modest decreases in cardiac BLS and bacterial densities. These microbiologic and cardiac BLS differences during therapy correlated with a longer time-above-MIC for vancomycin (>12 h) than for cefazolin (∼4 h). Gentamicin caused neither a reduction in cardiac S. aureus densities nor a reduction in BLS. There were significant correlations between cardiac BLS and S. aureus densities in vegetations in all treatment groups. These data suggest that bioluminescent imaging provides a substantial advance in the real-time monitoring of the efficacy of therapy of invasive S. aureus infections in live animals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document