Coliform, Escherichia coli, and Salmonellae Concentrations in a Multiple-Tank, Counterflow Poultry Scalder

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1184-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. CASON ◽  
A. HINTON ◽  
K. D. INGRAM
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Pass Through

Scald water samples from a commercial broiler processing plant were tested for coliforms, Escherichia coli, and salmonellae to evaluate the numbers of suspended bacteria in a multiple-tank, counterflow scalder. Water samples were taken from each of three tanks on 8 different days after 6-week-old broilers had been processed for 8 h. Coliforms and E. coli were counted using Petrifilm, and the most probable number (MPN) of salmonellae was determined both in water samples and in rinses of defeathered carcasses that were removed from the processing line immediately after taking the water samples. Mean coliform concentrations in tanks 1, 2, and 3 (the last tank that carcasses pass through before being defeathered) were 3.4, 2.0, and 1.2 log10(CFU/ml), respectively. E. coli concentrations followed the same pattern with means of 3.2, 1.5, and 0.8 in tanks 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with significant differences (P < 0.02) in the concentrations of both coliforms and E. coli between the tanks. Sixteen of 24 scald-water samples were positive for salmonellae with a geometric mean of 10.9 MPN/100 ml in the positive samples. Salmonellae were isolated from seven of eight water samples from both tanks 1 and 2, but in only two of eight water samples from tank 3, the last tank that carcasses pass through. It appears that most bacteria removed from carcasses during scalding are washed off during the early part of scalding.

scholarly journals Isolation and Enumeration of Escherichia coli from Soil and Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Anindita Bhowmik ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dilution Series

Majority of the population of Bangladesh depend on tap or surface water as their source of water supply. This study was carried out to examine the microbial quality of both water and soil collected from different places using the multiple tube fermentation technique to determine coliform count by the most probable number (MPN) method in brilliant green lactose broth (BGLB) media.Inoculum from positive tubes of the presumptive test were further transferred on eosinemethylene blue (EMB) and MacConkey agar.The organisms isolated were further characterized using biochemical tests. Out of 93 water samples, 30 (32.26%) indicated the presence of lactose fermenter and gas producer in all 3 tubes of dilution series using inoculum quantities of 1.0, 0.1 and 0.01 ml, whereas out of 85 soil samples, 45 (52.94%) showed acid and gas production in all 3 tubes of dilution series.Among 85 soil samples, 40 samples that contained at least one positive in each dilution series and among 93 water samples, 31 samples that contained at least one positive in each dilution series were further re-identified with biochemical tests.This study showed 30.59% soil isolates and 26.88% water isolates were Escherichia coli which highlighted the fact that both water and soil act as a major reservoir of E.coli, which indicates possible fecal contamination as well as presence of potentially pathogenic E. coli. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 2 December 2019, pp 75-77

scholarly journals DETEKSI BAKTERI Escherichia coli DALAM AIR MINUM ISI ULANG YANG DISTERILISASI ULTRAVIOLET DI WILAYAH KECAMATAN JAGAKARSA

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rezki Rachmawati ◽  
Muzajjanah Muzajjanah ◽  
Yoswita Rustam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Coliform Bacterium ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biological Contamination ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Refill Water Depot is currently more widely circulated and used as an alternative drinking water supply by the public. However the still unclear about the quality of the drinking water refill generated primarily of biological content. Parameters of biological contamination in drinking water caused by the Escherichia coli and coliform bacterium. This study aims to identify E. coli and coliforms in drinking water refill. Refill drinking water samples obtained from 16 drinking water refill from Jagakarsa subdsitrict. The method used is descriptive. Refill drinking water samples was taken and tested in the MPN (Most Probable Number) method and then to be tested in identification of E. coli. The results of testing the drinking water refill obtained 15 samples positive for coliform bacteria. Samples were positive for E. coli bacteria that sample B.1 and F.2.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Genes Associated with Enterotoxigenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Agricultural Waste Lagoons

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice C. Chern ◽  
Yu-Li Tsai ◽  
Betty H. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Toxin Genes

ABSTRACT The prevalence among all Escherichia coli bacteria of the LTIIa toxin gene and STII toxin gene, both associated with enterotoxigenic E. coli, and of three genes (stxI, stxII, and eaeA) associated with enterohemorrhagic E. coli was determined in farm waste disposal systems seasonally for 1 year. Single- and nested-PCR results for the number of E. coli isolates carrying each toxin gene trait were compared with a five-replicate most-probable-number (MPN) method. The STII and LTIIa toxin genes were present continuously at all farms and downstream waters that were tested. Nested-MPN-PCR manifested sensitivity increased over that of single-MPN-PCR by a factor of 32 for LTIIa, 10 for STII, and 2 for the stxI, stxII, and eaeA genes. The geometric mean prevalence of each toxin gene within the E. coli community in waste disposal site waters after nested MPN-PCR was 1:8.5 E. coli isolates (1:8.5 E. coli) for the LTIIa toxin gene and 1:4 E. coli for the STII toxin gene. The geometric mean prevalence for the simultaneous occurrence of toxin genes stxI, stxII, and eaeA, was 1:182 E. coli. These findings based on total population analysis suggest that prevalence rates for these genes are higher than previously reported in studies based on surveys of single isolates. With a population-based approach, the frequency of each toxin gene at the corresponding disposal sites and the endemic nature of diseases on farms can be easily assessed, allowing farmers and public health officials to evaluate the risk of infection to animals or humans.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Bakteri Escherichia coli dalam Air Minum Galon pada Kantin yang ada di Universitas Andalas Padang

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rayhan Braja Gitawama ◽  
Netti Suharti ◽  
Nora Harminarti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Agency ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

The National Food and Drug Agency has controlled the refill drinking water in drinking water depots and also controlled food at school canteens ranging from elementary, junior high, to high school, but the National Food and Drug Agency never do food quality controlling in canteens at universities. Objectives: To identified the contamination by coliform and E. coli bacteria in drinking water at Andalas University canteen. Methods: This research was descriptive to identify coliform bacteria on  15 drinking water at the Andalas University faculty canteens.  Samples were taken directly using a sterile bottle, while data analysis using Most Probable Number  (MPN)  tables 5-1-1 and the presence of E. coli bacteria colonies from drinking water samples. Results: 9 of 15 water samples were contaminated by coliform bacteria with the highest MPN index of 240/100 ml that was found in 2 samples. From 9 samples containing coliform bacteria, all of them were found to contain E. coli bacteria. Conclusion: Most of the samples were contaminated by coliform and E. coli bacteria. Drinking water served using a kettle was more contaminated than drinking water served using gallons.Keywords: Coliform, Escherichia coli, MPN

scholarly journals Enumeration of coliform bacteria and characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from Staff Club swimming pool in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolutope Oluseyi Akeju
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Water Recreation

Water recreation, though increasing globally, is strongly associated with infectious diseases. Unexpectedly, artificial water recreation systems e.g. swimming pools account for 90% of these outbreaks. It is therefore essential that pool waters be regularly monitored for deviations from microbial water quality guidelines. To assess the sanitary quality of a club swimming pool in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, I used the multiple-tube fermentation technique to determine the most probable number (MPN) of coliform bacteria in 100 ml of pool water. MPN estimates ranged from 9 to 93 with geometric mean of 38. Escherichia coli was isolated from positive presumptive tubes, indicating recent faecal contamination. The isolate elicited similar biochemical reactions as reference E. coli (ATCC-25922), except that it utilized sucrose and liquefied gelatin, which probably indicates potential pathogenicity. Also, the E. coli isolate was resistant to 13 antibiotics from 9 different classes. Finally, coliform counts and detection of E. coli clearly violates international guidelines. I recommend that pool operators increase water disinfection efficiency and educate the public on the need for improved swimmer hygiene to reduce the risk of recreational water illness transmission.

scholarly journals DETEKSI BAKTERI Escherichia coli DALAM AIR MINUM ISI ULANG YANG DISTERILISASI ULTRAVIOLET DI WILAYAH KECAMATAN JAGAKARSA

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rezki Rachmawati ◽  
Muzajjanah Muzajjanah ◽  
Yoswita Rustam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Coliform Bacterium ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biological Contamination ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Refill Water Depot is currently more widely circulated and used as an alternative drinking water supply by the public. However the still unclear about the quality of the drinking water refill generated primarily of biological content. Parameters of biological contamination in drinking water caused by the Escherichia coli and coliform bacterium. This study aims to identify E. coli and coliforms in drinking water refill. Refill drinking water samples obtained from 16 drinking water refill from Jagakarsa subdsitrict. The method used is descriptive. Refill drinking water samples was taken and tested in the MPN (Most Probable Number) method and then to be tested in identification of E. coli. The results of testing the drinking water refill obtained 15 samples positive for coliform bacteria. Samples were positive for E. coli bacteria that sample B.1 and F.2.

scholarly journals Using Molecular Techniques for the Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Creek Road/Bonny Estuary in Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Constancy Prisca Aleru ◽  
Kinikanwo Confidence Wachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rivers State

This study characterised Escherichia coli isolated from Creek Road/Bonny Estuary using molecular techniques. One hundred and twenty (120) water samples were investigated for the presence of E. coli in Creek Road/Bonny Estuary. Most Probable Number (MPN) Technique, Eijkman test and molecular techniques were used for the isolation and detection of E. coli. The analysis was carried out periodically (morning and evening) and seasonally (end of rainy season (November), the start of rainy season (April) and in the middle of rainy season (July)). All E. coli isolates were screened for resistance genes in the pathotypes of E. coli (EHEC, EPEC, EAEC, ETEC and EIEC), including Sulfhydryl Variable (SHV), CTX-M, Temoniera (TEM) and MCR genes using the Polymerase chain reaction Technique. The results showed that 100% of the water samples were positive for coliforms and all the water samples harboured E. coli. The highest total coliforms count recorded was in the morning of April (48 MPN/100 ml). The distribution of individual genes in the E. coli isolates are: SHV (5.0), CTX-M (5.8), TEM (4.2), MCR (0.0%), stx1 and stx2 (4.2), esV and bfA (1.7), aaiC (4.2), elt (3.3) and invE (2.5). The CTX-M was the most found of all the resistance genes.

scholarly journals Lessons from a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 infections: insights into the infectious dose and method of widespread contamination of hamburger patties

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. TUTTLE ◽  
T. GOMEZ ◽  
M. P. DOYLE ◽  
J. G. WELLS ◽  
T. ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Patties ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Microbiological Testing

Between November 1992 and February 1993, a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 infections occurred in the western USA and was associated with eating ground beef patties at restaurants of one fast-food chain. Restaurants that were epidemiologically linked with cases served patties produced on two consecutive dates; cultures of recalled ground beef patties produced on those dates yielded E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 strains indistinguishable from those isolated from patients, confirming the vehicle of illness. Seventy-six ground beef patty samples were cultured quantitatively for E. coli O157[ratio ]H7. The median most probable number of organisms was 1·5 per gram (range, <0·3–15) or 67·5 organisms per patty (range, <13·5–675). Correlation of the presence of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 with other bacterial indicators yielded a significant association between coliform count and the presence of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 (P=0·04). A meat traceback to investigate possible sources of contamination revealed cattle were probably initially colonized with E. coli O157[ratio ]H7, and that their slaughter caused surface contamination of meat, which once combined with meat from other sources, resulted in a large number of contaminated ground beef patties. Microbiological testing of meat from lots consumed by persons who became ill was suggestive of an infectious dose for E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 of fewer than 700 organisms. These findings present a strong argument for enforcing zero tolerance for this organism in processed food and for markedly decreasing contamination of raw ground beef. Process controls that incorporate microbiological testing of meat may assist these efforts.

scholarly journals Mechanically Ventilated Broiler Sheds: a Possible Source of Aerosolized Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (23) ◽  
pp. 7417-7425 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Chinivasagam ◽  
T. Tran ◽  
L. Maddock ◽  
A. Gale ◽  
P. J. Blackall
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT This study assessed the levels of two key pathogens, Salmonella and Campylobacter, along with the indicator organism Escherichia coli in aerosols within and outside poultry sheds. The study ranged over a 3-year period on four poultry farms and consisted of six trials across the boiler production cycle of around 55 days. Weekly testing of litter and aerosols was carried out through the cycle. A key point that emerged is that the levels of airborne bacteria are linked to the levels of these bacteria in litter. This hypothesis was demonstrated by E. coli. The typical levels of E. coli in litter were ∼108 CFU g−1 and, as a consequence, were in the range of 102 to 104 CFU m−3 in aerosols, both inside and outside the shed. The external levels were always lower than the internal levels. Salmonella was only present intermittently in litter and at lower levels (103 to 105 most probable number [MPN] g−1) and consequently present only intermittently and at low levels in air inside (range of 0.65 to 4.4 MPN m−3) and once outside (2.3 MPN m−3). The Salmonella serovars isolated in litter were generally also isolated from aerosols and dust, with the Salmonella serovars Chester and Sofia being the dominant serovars across these interfaces. Campylobacter was detected late in the production cycle, in litter at levels of around 107 MPN g−1. Campylobacter was detected only once inside the shed and then at low levels of 2.2 MPN m−3. Thus, the public health risk from these organisms in poultry environments via the aerosol pathway is minimal.

scholarly journals GREEN SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC IRON NANOPARTICLES USING MEDICINAL PLANT TRIDAX PROCUMBENS LEAF EXTRACTS AND ITS APPLICATION AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT AGAINST E. COLI

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
YOJANA Y. PATIL ◽  
VAISHNVI B. SUTAR ◽  
ARPITA P. TIWARI
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Objective: The present study was aimed at the biological synthesis of magnetic iron nanoparticles by using the plant extract of Tridax procumbens and also to study their antimicrobial property against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Methods: The synthesis of magnetic iron nanoparticles was carried out by the co-precipitation method using biological methods like plant extract as reducing agent and capping agents are biocompatible and non-hazardous. These nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). As well as antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was carried out by agar well diffusion method and Most Probable Number (MPN) method against gram-negative E. coli (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Results: The average crystallite size of Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) was found to be 72 nm by X-ray diffraction. The optical absorption band at wavelengths of 240 nm and 402 nm was obtained from the UV Visible spectrum. Spherical shape morphology was observed in SEM studies. The antibacterial assay clearly expressed that E. coli showed a maximum zone of inhibition (15±0.15 mm) at 2 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml concentration was found for Magnetic Nanoparticles. In the Most Probable Number (MPN) test it is seen that the bacterial count is reduced after adding synthesized NPs into the water sample. Conclusion: The results of the present study conclude that the Magnetic Nanoparticles synthesized using Tridax procumbens leaf extracts is found to be stable and show good antibacterial activity against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria.

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