Evaluation of Buffalo Colostrum Quality by Estimation of Enzyme Activity Levels

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1265-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. LOMBARDI ◽  
L. AVALLONE ◽  
U. PAGNINI ◽  
D. d'ANGELO ◽  
E. BOGIN
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Electrophoretic Separation ◽  
General Linear Model Procedure ◽  
Potential Use

A study to evaluate the value and potential use of colostral enzymes as markers for the evaluation of buffalo colostrum quality was conducted. The enzymes γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in buffalo's colostrum were measured spectrophotometrically, and their activities were correlated with the gamma-globulin content. Gamma-globulin concentration was determined following the electrophoretic separation of the colostral proteins and quantified with a densitometer. Colostrum was obtained from 15 dams, soon after calving. Means, standard deviations, correlation coefficients, and degree of significance were calculated using the general linear model procedure of the Statistical Analysis Systems program. The activity of GGT in the colostrum was the highest, followed by LDH and ALP. A significant correlation (r = 0.86; P < 0.001) was seen between GGT and gamma-globulin concentration in the colostrum, supporting the suggestion of using this enzyme as a marker for the evaluation of colostrum quality.

Infrared ATR Spectroscopy of Substrates in Aqueous Solution Using Cryoenrichment and its Application in Enzyme-Activity Assays

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiko Fujii ◽  
Yuji Miyahara
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Enzyme Catalysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Atr Spectroscopy

Assays of enzyme activity in aqueous solutions were carried out with the use of the cryoenrichment method for infrared spectroscopy. A calibration method that used partial least-squares (PLS) for the measurement of enzyme activity was investigated. In this method, the enzyme activity was estimated by measuring the change in the concentration of a substrate or a product based on enzyme catalysis using the cryoenrichment method for infrared spectroscopy. The correlation coefficients between the activity levels of lactate dehydrogenase, amylase, and creatine kinase and the concentration changes of the substrate or the product were over 0.93. However, the correlation coefficient for alkaline phosphatase was only 0.78. Our findings from this study confirm that enzyme activity can be measured by infrared spectroscopy.

THE ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES IN THE RABBIT UTERUS AND EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE AND OESTRADIOL

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. MURDOCH ◽  
I. G. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Uterine Endometrium ◽  
Uterine Fluid ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

SUMMARY The activity of several enzymes has been measured in the uterine endometrium of the rabbit during oestrus and pseudopregnancy and after injecting oestradiol benzoate or progesterone 28 days after ovariectomy. The enzyme activity of the uterine fluid has been determined during oestrus and the effect of uterine ligation studied. Progesterone and the induction of pseudopregnancy stimulated succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity and depressed amylase and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. In ovariectomized does, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity increased after the injection of progesterone. Progesterone also stimulated endometrial phosphatase after ovariectomy but, when given after a period of oestrogen treatment, it limited the even greater response of acid and alkaline phosphatase to oestrogen; the activity then attaining the same level as when progesterone alone was given. SDH, GDH and glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) diesterase could not be detected in uterine fluid but amylase and alkaline phosphatase were in greater concentration than in the endometrium. GPC diesterase was, however, found to be present in uterine tissue. Ligation of the uterus did not significantly alter the enzyme activity of the endometrium.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE ENZYME CHANGES IN THE PLASMA OF NORMAL AND TUMOR-BEARING MICE FOLLOWING INFECTION WITH THE LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE AGENT

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abner Louis Notkins ◽  
Robert E. Greenfield ◽  
Diana Marshall ◽  
Louisa Bane
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Plasma Enzyme ◽  
Plasma Enzymes ◽  
Aldolase Activity ◽  
Early Rise ◽  
Enzyme Changes ◽  
Infected Tumor

Within 72 hours after injection of the LDH agent into normal mice, five (LDH, ICDH, MDH, PHI, and GOT) out of the seven plasma enzymes studied were elevated. This elevation persisted for the duration of the experiment. Alkaline phosphatase and aldolase were not elevated. Plasma from mice bearing tumor SS-70429 and infected with the LDH agent showed 7 times more LDH, 8 times more ICDH, and 4 times more MDH activity than the plasma from mice with the same tumor but uninfected. The plasma aldolase activity from the infected tumor-bearing animal was approximately the same as that from the uninfected tumor-bearing animal. Somewhat similar results, but lower in magnitude, were found with mice bearing mammary carcinoma C3HBA. The early rise in plasma enzyme activity (LDH, MDH, ICDH) prior to the actual appearance of the tumor was shown to be due not to the tumor, but to the LDH agent. Uninfected tumor-bearing mice showed a late increase in plasma enzyme activity which appeared to be related to tumor growth. The findings reported above suggest that contamination with the LDH agent may have been responsible for much of the increased plasma enzyme activity previously attributed to the tumor.

Potential Use of Aquatic Macrophytes to Enhance the Treatment of Septic Tank Liquids

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Perdomo ◽  
C. Bangueses ◽  
J. Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Floating Macrophyte ◽  
Potential Use

In several urban and suburban areas, the problem of the disposal and treatment of septic tank liquids has not been solved yet. This paper deals with the primary operational evaluation of a conventional system of ponds used at Tarariras, in the Department of Colonia, Uruguay, as well as the potential use of aquatic macrophytes to enhance such treatment. The conventional system was sampled over a period of approximately one month at the end of the summer in order to determine the main parameters. Groups of up to 20 samples were studied to determine the normal distributions. Correlation coefficients were obtained for the normal probability plot between 0.84 and 0.99. The most relevant statistical characteristics were calculated for each parameter. The removal efficiency was 80.0% of BOD5, 58.5% of COD, 75.8% of NH4+-N, 9.5% of PO4−3-P and 38.5% of TSS. At the same time, batch and semi-continuous trials were carried out at bench scale with Eichhornia crassipes (floating macrophyte) and Typha latifolia (emergent macrophyte). The best efficiencies were obtained for the latter, with values of 96.6% of BOD5, 93.0% of COD, 99.6% of NH4+-N, 95.2% of PO4−3-P and 95.5% of TSS. It was concluded that constructed wetlands could be the answer to a more complete treatment process.

A multifactorial analysis of prognostic factors in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma.

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 720-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Lahr ◽  
S J Soong ◽  
G Cloud ◽  
J W Smith ◽  
M M Urist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Hepatic Metastases ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Serum Bilirubin Level ◽  
Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Multifactorial Analysis ◽  
Primary Colorectal Tumor

A multifactorial analysis was used to identify the dominant prognostic variables predicting survival rates of 175 patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Seven of 22 parameters examined simultaneously were found to independently influence the median survival rate in these patients: (1) elevated alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.0004), (2) elevated serum bilirubin level (p = 0.0005), (3) location of hepatic metastases (unilateral or bilateral, p = 0.0022), (4) number of metastatic nodes involved (0, 1-5, greater than 5; p = 0.0148), (5) depressed serum albumin (p = 0.0217), (6) whether or not the primary colorectal tumor was resected (p = 0.0013), and (7) chemotherapy (given or withheld, p = 0.0439). The prothrombin time, serum lactic dehydrogenase, and the number of hepatic metastases also correlated with survival, but they did not independently predict survival rates after other more dominant factors were accounted for. A mathematical equation for predicting an individual patient's clinical course once they developed hepatic metastases was derived from this statistical analysis. In addition, a simple and clinically useful guide for predicting outcome was developed that integrated the two most important risk factors, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin.

scholarly journals Low Psychosine in Krabbe Disease with Onset in Late Infancy: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Camille S. Corre ◽  
Dietrich Matern ◽  
Joan E. Pellegrino ◽  
Carlos A. Saavedra-Matiz ◽  
Joseph J. Orsini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
New York State ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Krabbe Disease ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Krabbe disease (KD) is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency in galactocerebrosidase enzyme activity, which can present in early infancy, requiring an urgent referral for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or later in life. Newborn screening (NBS) for KD requires identification and risk-stratification of patients based on laboratory values to predict disease onset in early infancy or later in life. The biomarker psychosine plays a key role in NBS algorithms to ascertain probability of early-onset disease. This report describes a patient who was screened positive for KD in New York State, had a likely pathogenic genotype, and showed markedly reduced enzyme activity but surprisingly low psychosine levels. The patient ultimately developed KD in late infancy, an outcome not clearly predicted by existing NBS algorithms. It remains critical that psychosine levels be evaluated alongside genotype, enzyme activity levels, and the patient’s evolving clinical presentation, ideally in consultation with experts in KD, in order to guide diagnosis and plans for monitoring.

scholarly journals Inhibition studies of alkaline phosphatase in hard tissue-forming cells.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Linde ◽  
B C Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Assay Condition ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibition Studies

The effects of the alkaline phosphatase inhibitors levamisole and R 8231 on p-nitro-phenylphosphatase, inorganic pyrophosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities in dentingenically active odontoblasts were studied. The p-nitrophenylphosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase activities were inhibited, while 40% of the ATP-splitting enzyme activity remained under the assay condition used. This finding, togeather with earlier studies, indicates that at least two different phosphatase are active at alkaline pH in hard tissue-forming cells; on nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and one specific ATPase. The ATPase activity is uninfluenced by ouabain and ruthenium red and is activated by Ca-2+ ions.

scholarly journals The Molecular Basis of Quantitative Genetic Variation in Central and Secondary Metabolism in Arabidopsis

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mitchell-Olds ◽  
Deana Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Qtls ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Quantitative Genetic

Abstract To find the genes controlling quantitative variation, we need model systems where functional information on physiology, development, and gene regulation can guide evolutionary inferences. We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) influencing quantitative levels of enzyme activity in primary and secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis. All 10 enzymes showed highly significant quantitative genetic variation. Strong positive genetic correlations were found among activity levels of 5 glycolytic enzymes, PGI, PGM, GPD, FBP, and G6P, suggesting that enzymes with closely related metabolic functions are coregulated. Significant QTLs were found influencing activity of most enzymes. Some enzyme activity QTLs mapped very close to known enzyme-encoding loci (e.g., hexokinase, PGI, and PGM). A hexokinase QTL is attributable to cis-acting regulatory variation at the AtHXK1 locus or a closely linked regulatory locus, rather than polypeptide sequence differences. We also found a QTL on chromosome IV that may be a joint regulator of GPD, PGI, and G6P activity. In addition, a QTL affecting PGM activity maps within 700 kb of the PGM-encoding locus. This QTL is predicted to alter starch biosynthesis by 3.4%, corresponding with theoretical models, suggesting that QTLs reflect pleiotropic effects of mutant alleles.

scholarly journals Increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in calvaria cells cultured with diphosphonates

1979 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Felix ◽  
H Fleisch
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Km Value ◽  
Inhibitor Of Protein Synthesis

1. Dichloromethanediphosphonate and to a lesser degree 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate, two compounds characterized by a P-C-P bond, increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of cultured rat calvaria cells up to 30 times in a dose-dependent fashion. 2. Both diphosphonates also slightly inhibited the protein synthesis in these cells. 3. Thymidine, an inhibitor of cell division, did not inhibit the induction of the enzyme, indicating that the increase in enzyme activity was not due to the formation of a specific population of cells with high alkaline phosphatase activity. 4. The effect on alkaline phosphatase was suppressed by the addition of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. 5. After subculturing the stimulated cells in medium without diphosphonates, the enzyme activity fell almost to the control value. 6. Bovine parathyrin diminished the enzyme activity of the control cells and the cells treated with dichloromethanediphosphonate; however, at high concentration the effect of parathyrin was greater on the diphosphonate-treated cells than on the control cells. 7. The electrophoretic behaviour, heat inactivation, inhibition by bromotetramisole or by phenylalanine, and the Km value of the induced enzyme were identical with that of the control enzyme.

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