A Survey of 61 Veterinary Drug Residues in Commercial Liquid Milk Products in China

ABSTRACT To investigate the drug residue status in commercial liquid milk products in China, 190 samples, including ultrahigh temperature milk (n = 168) and pasteurized milk (n = 22) samples, were collected in 2019. Milk samples were analyzed for the presence of any of the 61 veterinary drugs in them by using a screening assay combined with an ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Ten (5.26%) samples were found positive for β-lactams, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides, and six (3.16%) samples were confirmed residual for penicillin G (n = 6; 3.16%), tetracycline (n = 1; 0.53%), and oxytetracycline (n = 1; 0.53%), with the maximum concentration of 2.85, 40.64, and 12.35 μg kg−1, respectively. Drug residue detection rate in group II (4.55%; the local city domestic brands) was higher than that in group I (2.70%; the major brands of China) and group III (2.78%; the imported brands into China) and higher in domestic samples (3.39%) than that in imported samples (2.78%), and higher in pasteurized milk samples (9.09%) than in ultrahigh temperature milk samples (2.38%). All drug residue levels were far below the regulated maximum residue limits. However, based on some veterinary drug residues detected in the samples, there is a potential veterinary drug risk in liquid milk products in the Chinese market, and this situation deserves the attention of governments and consumers. HIGHLIGHTS

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A Survey of Aflatoxin M1 in Commercial Liquid Milk Products in China

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-20-159 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Runjia Shi ◽

Zhongna Yu ◽

Harvey Ho ◽

Wei Wu ◽

Jun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detection Rate ◽

Rapid Test ◽

The United States ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Milk Products ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Group I ◽

Test Kit ◽

Liquid Milk

The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in Chinese liquid milk products. A total of 190 liquid milk samples, including 168 ultra-high temperature treated (UHT) milk samples and 22 pasteurized milk (PM) samples were collected in August 2019. A screening assay with the Charm Rapid Test Kit and a confirmation method with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for AFM1 analysis. Nine (4.74%) samples were screened positive, of which 5 (2.11%) samples were confirmed with concentration levels of 0.022-0.049μg/kg. The AFM1 levels confirmed were all below the maximum residue levels (MRLs) set by China, the European Union (EU), the United States of America (USA), and the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). The detection rate of AFM1 in domestic milk samples was 3.39%, while no AFM1 was detected in samples of imported milk. The prevalence of AFM1 detected in three groups were: Group I (2.70%, the major brands of China ), Group II (4.55%, the local city domestic brands) and Group III (0, the imported brands into China). The detection rate of AFM1 in PM samples (9.09%) was significantly higher than UHT samples (1.19%) ( P < 0.05). Although the residue level of AFM1 in none of the samples exceeded the MRLs, the higher detection rate in local Chinese brands, especially in PM samples, deserves the attention of the Chinese government and consumers.

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Analysis of Veterinary Drug Residues in Pasteurized Milk Samples in Chinese Milk Bars

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 204-210

Author(s):

WEN-QING ZHANG ◽

ZHONG-NA YU ◽

HARVEY HO ◽

JUN WANG ◽

YU-TAO WANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Drugs ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Veterinary Drug ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Milk Product ◽

Veterinary Drug Residues ◽

Drug Residues ◽

Pasteurized Milk ◽

Maximum Residue Levels ◽

Residue Levels

ABSTRACT The milk bar is an emerging style of retail business that mainly produces pasteurized milk (PM) and other dairy products on-site in many large cities of the People's Republic of China. To date, no data about veterinary drug residues in PM samples produced from milk bars have been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety of PM from a total of 182 PM samples collected from milk bars from 10 provincial capital cities and to analyze the residues of seven classes of 61 veterinary drugs. First, the chemical components were screened with test kits, and then the positive samples were further confirmed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that 15 (8.24%) samples were screened positive for veterinary drugs, and six drugs in 11 (6.04%) samples were confirmed. The veterinary drugs detected were penicillin G (2.20%), tetracycline (1.10%), tylosin (1.10%), amoxicillin (0.55%), oxytetracycline (0.55%), and gentamicin (0.55%), with maximum residue levels of 3.4, 11.9, 28.2, 3.0, 26.9, and 63.5 μg kg−1, respectively. Veterinary drug residues were detected as positive in 7 of 10 cities, with the highest detection rate as 14.29% in Urumqi. No positive samples were found in the cities of Nanjing, Tianjin, and Nanning. All detected drug levels were far below the maximum residue levels regulated by China, the European Union, and the Codex Alimentarius Commission. This suggests that the overall veterinary drug residues in PM in milk bars reached the safety code of the country. However, potential risks still exist, and continuous attention should be paid to guarantee the safety of this milk product in the future. HIGHLIGHTS

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Survey of Veterinary Drug Residues in Raw Milk in Hebei Province, China

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-105 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 (11) ◽

pp. 1890-1896 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rong-Wei Han ◽

Zhong-Na Yu ◽

Tian-Yuan Zhen ◽

Jun Wang

Keyword(s):

Raw Milk ◽

The United States ◽

Hebei Province ◽

Veterinary Drugs ◽

National Standard ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Veterinary Drug ◽

Veterinary Drug Residues ◽

Drug Residues ◽

Milk Samples

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of veterinary drug residues in raw milk from Hebei, the second-largest dairy production province in the People's Republic of China. A total of 192 raw milk samples were collected from 64 milk stations in seven districts. Twenty-eight veterinary drug residues were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry based on a China National Standard. Raw milk samples with multiple residues of veterinary drugs were not found in the present study. Residues of four veterinary drugs, penicillin G, sulfacetamide, trimethoprim, and lincomycin, were detected in 12 (6.25%) raw milk samples, with detection ratios of 1.04, 0.52, 3.13, and 1.56%, respectively. All veterinary drug residues detected were under the maximum residue levels as regulated by China, the European Union, the United States, and the Codex Alimentarius Commission. In general, raw milk from Hebei province was considered relatively safe for human consumption because of the low prevalence of veterinary drug residues. However, stringent control measurements for veterinary drug residues in raw milk are required because some veterinary drugs were detected in milk from some areas of Hebei province.

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Hazards and Detection Techniques of Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal-Origin Food

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127104033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 271 ◽

pp. 04033

Author(s):

Zhongyu Chen

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Drugs ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Veterinary Drug ◽

Veterinary Drug Residues ◽

Drug Residues ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Drug Residue ◽

Residue Detection ◽

Veterinary Drug Residue

Veterinary drugs originally used to diagnose, prevent, control and treat animal diseases. However, now some of them can also be mixed into livestock feed as growth promoters. Although most countries have specified animal-derived veterinary drug residue standards, such as the maximum residue limit, withdrawal period and prohibition of some veterinary drugs as growth promoters, there are still some animal-derived products with illegal amount of drug residues. Consequently, long-term intake of products with excessive residues will result in irreversible impacts on human health, livestock industries and natural environment. To minimize these risks, the techniques of drug residues detection plays an important role in guarding food safety of animal products. Moreover, Veterinary drug residue detection technology, according to the author's opinion, can be divided into instrumental method, immunoassay method, biomolecular technology and bio-sensor technology. The purpose of this article is to collect and summarize the existing journal literature current about status, hazards and detection techniques of animal-origin veterinary drug residues so that ordinary readers can briefly understand the research status of the residue detection techniques, farmers can understand the importance of regulating and suitable handling of veterinary drugs, and relevant researchers may know about the emphasized difficulties that need to be overcome in drug residue detection techniques.

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