a good source for Selection of Group Members

2012 ◽  
pp. 38-38
Keyword(s):  
Good Source ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals The emergence and selection of reputation systems that drive cooperative behaviour

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1886) ◽  
pp. 20181508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Schlaepfer
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Reputation Systems ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Social Image ◽  
Reputation Mechanism ◽  
Initial Evolution ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Selection Of

Reputational concerns are believed to play a crucial role in explaining cooperative behaviour among non-kin humans. Individuals cooperate to avoid a negative social image, if being branded as defector reduces pay-offs from future interactions. Similarly, individuals sanction defectors to gain a reputation as punisher, prompting future co-players to cooperate. But reputation can only effectively support cooperation if a sufficient number of individuals condition their strategies on their co-players' reputation, and if a sufficient number of group members are willing to record and transmit the relevant information about past actions. Using computer simulations, this paper argues that starting from a pool of non-cooperative individuals, a reputation system based on punishment is likely to emerge and to be the driver of the initial evolution of cooperative behaviour. However, once cooperation is established in a group, it will be sustained mainly through a reputation mechanism based on cooperative actions.

scholarly journals Top-down or bottom-up? The selection of shadow rapporteurs in the European Parliament

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-727
Author(s):  
Frank M Häge ◽  
Nils Ringe
Keyword(s):  
European Parliament ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Principal Agent Theory ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Selection Of

Shadow rapporteurs play an important role in developing the European Parliament’s collective policy positions and in defending them in inter-institutional negotiations. This study sheds light on the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of shadow rapporteur selection. Qualitative insights from practitioner interviews and a quantitative analysis of shadow rapporteur data from the 7th European Parliament (2009–2014) indicate that the appointment process is primarily one of bottom-up self-selection by group members based on their policy interests. The party group leadership, in the form of group coordinators, plays an important coordinating role when there is competition for a shadow rapporteurship. However, the role of group coordinators is more akin to a third-party arbiter of competing demands than a mechanism of top-down control by the leadership, as suggested by principal-agent theory.

Manipulating a synchronous or separatist group orientation to improve performance on a hidden profile task

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda R. Kolb ◽  
Lyn M. van Swol
Keyword(s):  
Value Similarity ◽  
Group Orientation ◽  
Minority Member ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Shared Information ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Hidden Profile ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Selection Of

Effective use of available information is a problem that plagues group decision-making tasks. Groups heavily favor shared information, or information that is known to all group members, which can lead to incorrect decisions and selection of inferior alternatives. However, groups may be less prone to overlooking unshared information if they are focused to value uniqueness and novel input from group members. The present research demonstrates that groups that value uniqueness, or a separatist orientation, correctly solved a hidden profile task more often than groups with a synchronous orientation, or groups that value similarity. Separatist groups repeated more unshared information than synchronous overall. Separatists also repeated more shared information than synchronous groups. Further, groups with a correct minority member also repeated more unshared information than groups with either a majority correct or no correct members. Results are discussed in terms of group focus and biases that affect the discussion of information.

scholarly journals Strategi Pemasaran Agribisnis Ikan Nila Dalam Di Kecamatan Babirik Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Rum Van Royensyah
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Internal Factor ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Factor Evaluation ◽  
Production Strategy ◽  
Evaluation Matrix ◽  
Selection Of

       This study aims to analyze the strategy of developing tilapia agribusiness in Babirik District, North Hulu Sungai Regency. Sampling was done by multi stage sampling and the selection of sub-district locations was carried out by purposive sampling method, namely the sub-districts which most cultivated tilapia in karamba, namely Babirik District. Fish farmers as samples were selected by stratified proportional random sampling, as many as 8 people (30% of 27 UPP group members), and 57 people (30% of 191 were not UPP group members). The number of samples is 65 people. Collector samples (collectors) were selected by snow ball sampling, which was 20 people (30% of 65 collectors). The sample of retailers was chosen by accidental sampling in the fish market in North Hulu Sungai Regency, as many as 5 people. The selection of Fisheries UPP internal factor samples was 8 people (30% of 27 people), and the sample selection of non Fisheries UPP internal factors was 20 people (30% of 191 people), while 2 external factors were selected from the relevant institutions. The results of the internal factor evaluation matrix are 3,163, while the results of the external factor evaluation matrix are 2,538. The results of the internal external matrix are in cell IV, namely in the growth and building position, and the indigo agribusiness strategy in karamba in Babirik District is a market development and production strategy.

scholarly journals KELEMBAGAAN PETANI DAN SOSIAL EKONOMI TERHADAP PARTISIPASI ANGGOTA KELOMPOK DALAM PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA PANGAN MASYARAKAT (PUPM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Euis Dasipah ◽  
Karyana KS ◽  
Rina Ridiawaty
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Group Management ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Selection Of

Community participation is important in the successful implementation of the Community Food Business Development (PUPM) program. This study aims to (1) Assess the effect of group management on the participation of farmer group members in program activities; (2) Assessing the socioeconomic influence on the participation of farmer group members in program activities; (3) Assess the influence of farmer institutions and socioeconomic on the participation of farmer group members in the success of the Community Food Business Development (PUPM) program. Descriptive Analysis research methods. Data collected by sampling technique. The sampling method used was simple random sampling. The study population numbered 138, with a research sample of 102 people. The selection of sample districts is done deliberately because the kecamatan is a location that receives a Community Food Business Development (PUPM) program. The results showed that the Institutional Factors of farmers had a positive and significant contribution to the level of participation of farmer group members in the Community Food Business Development (PUMP) program. Socio-economic factors of farmers have a positive and significant contribution to the level of participation of farmer group members in the Community Food Business Development (PUMP) program. Simultaneously farmer Institution and farmer socioeconomic contributed significantly to the participation of farmer group members in the Community Food Business Development (PUMP) program.

Diagnosis and selection of therapy group members.

2014 ◽  
pp. 12-27
Author(s):  
George R. Bach
Keyword(s):  
Therapy Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Selection Of

Viability and β-Galactosidase Activity of Dairy Propionibacteria Subjected to Digestion by Artificial Gastric and Intestinal Fluids

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1214-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIELA ZÁRATE ◽  
ADRIANA PÉREZ CHAIA ◽  
SILVIA GONZÁLEZ ◽  
GUILLERMO OLIVER
Keyword(s):  
Skim Milk ◽  
Propionibacterium Freudenreichii ◽  
Galactosidase Activity ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Intestinal Fluids ◽  
Artificial Gastric Juice ◽  
Dairy Propionibacteria ◽  
Selection Of

An important criterion to consider in the selection of strains for dietary adjuncts is the ability of the microorganisms to survive the severe conditions of acidity and bile concentrations usually found in the gastrointestinal tract. In the present work, we report the effects of digestions by artificial gastric and intestinal fluids on β-galactosidase activity and survival of four strains of dairy propionibacteria previously selected by their bile tolerance and β-galactosidase activity. The strains were exposed to artificial gastric juice at pH values between 2 and 7 and then subjected to artificial intestinal digestion. Both viability and β-galactosidase activity were seriously affected at pH 2. Skim milk and Emmental cheese juice exerted a protective effect on the parameters tested. The trypsin present in the intestinal fluid inactivated the enzyme β-galactosidase in strains of Propionibacterium freudenreichii but not in Propionibacterium acidipropionici. Moreover, the presence of bile salts enhanced the β-galactosidase activity of these strains by permeabilization of the cells during the first hour of exposure. The intestinal transit rate confirmed the permanence of the bacteria in the intestine for long enough to be permeabilized. These results suggest that P. acidipropionici would be a good source of β-galactosidase activity in the intestine. We also propose a practical and effective in vitro method as a tool of screening and selection of potential probiotic bacteria.

scholarly journals Repeated Interaction and Its Impact on Cooperation and Surplus Allocation—An Experimental Analysis

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sibilla Di Guida ◽  
The Anh Han ◽  
Georg Kirchsteiger ◽  
Tom Lenaerts ◽  
Ioannis Zisis
Keyword(s):  
Group Composition ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Repeated Interaction ◽  
Aggregate Behavior ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Fear Of Rejection ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

This paper investigates how the possibility of affecting group composition combined with the possibility of repeated interaction impacts cooperation within groups and surplus distribution. We developed and tested experimentally a Surplus Allocation Game where cooperation of four agents is needed to produce surplus, but only two have the power to allocate it among the group members. Three matching procedures (corresponding to three separate experimental treatments) were used to test the impact of the variables of interest. A total of 400 subjects participated in our research, which was computer-based and conducted in a laboratory. Our results show that allowing for repeated interaction with the same partners leads to a self-selection of agents into groups with different life spans, whose duration is correlated with the behavior of both distributors and receivers. While behavior at the group level is diverse for surplus allocation and amount of cooperation, aggregate behavior is instead similar when repeated interaction is allowed or not allowed. We developed a behavioral model that captures the dynamics observed in the experimental data and sheds light into the rationales that drive the agents’ individual behavior, suggesting that the most generous distributors are those acting for fear of rejection, not for true generosity, while the groups lasting the longest are those composed by this type of distributors and “undemanding” receivers.

scholarly journals Collective Problem-Solving of Groups Across Tasks of Varying Complexity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Almaatouq ◽  
Ming Yin ◽  
Duncan J Watts
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Collective Performance ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Selection Of

As organizations gravitate to group-based structures, the problem of improving performance through judicious selection of group members has preoccupied scientists and managers alike. However, it remains poorly understood under what conditions groups outperform comparable individuals, which individual attributes best predict group performance, or how task complexity mediates these relationships. Here we describe a novel two-phase experiment in which individuals were evaluated on a series of tasks of varying complexity; then randomly assigned to solve similar tasks either in groups of different compositions or as individuals. We describe two main sets of findings. First, while groups are more efficient than individuals and comparable “nominal group” when the task is complex, this relationship is reversed when the task is simple. Second, we find that average skill level dominates all other factors combined, including social perceptiveness, skill diversity, and diversity of cognitive style. Our findings illustrate the utility of a “solution-oriented” approach to identifying principles of collective performance.

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