Figure 2. Mean heart rate responses of young and adult elite footballers during match-play.

The circadian pattern of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) was measured in C57BL mice with carotid arterial catheters. Cardiovascular parameters were recorded continuously with a computerized monitoring system at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. The tethered animals were healthy, showing stabilized drinking and eating patterns within 2 days of surgery and little loss of body weight. Analysis of the 24-h pattern of MAP and HR was conducted using data from 3–6 consecutive days of recording. A daily rhythm of MAP was evident in all mice, with group mean dark and light values of 101.4 ± 7.3 and 93.1 ± 2.9 mmHg, respectively. The group mean waveform was bimodal, with peak values evident early and late in the dark period, and a trough during the middle of the light period. The phase of maximum and minimum values showed low within-group variance. Mean heart rate was greater at night than during the day (561.9 ± 22.7 vs. 530.3 ± 22.3 beats/min). Peak values generally occurred at dark onset, and minimum values during the middle of both the dark and the light periods. We conclude that it is possible to perform measurements of circadian cardiovascular parameters in the mouse, providing new avenues for the investigation of genetic models.

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Heart rate responses and plasma cortisol concentrations in ewes: comparison between cervical and laparoscopic intrauterine insemination and their associated handling procedures

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800009516 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 383-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Khalid ◽

W. Haresign ◽

D. G. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Plasma Cortisol ◽

Intrauterine Insemination ◽

Management Practice ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Cortisol Responses ◽

The Mean ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Mean Heart Rate

AbstractThis study consisted of two experiments. In experiment 1, stress responses of sheep which were restrained either in a laparoscopy cradle or a roll-over cradle were compared. The results of this experiment indicated that restraint in roll-over cradle is less (P < 0·05) stressful than that in a laparoscopy cradle when assessed in terms of the elevation and duration of both the mean heart rate and plasma cortisol responses. Experiment 2 compared the stress responses of sheep subjected to restraint in a laparoscopy cradle, restraint in a laparoscopy cradle with intrauterine artificial insemination (AI) by laparoscopy, minimal restraint with cervical AI or restraint in a roll-over cradle plus foot-trimming. All treatments resulted in significant elevations in both heart rate and plasma cortisol concentrations (F < 0·001). The peak heart rate was significantly (P < 0·05) higher in ewes subjected to cervical AI than in those subjected to intrauterine insemination, with other treatments intermediate. The peak cortisol response did not differ among different treatments. The duration over which both the mean heart rate and -plasma cortisol concentrations remained significantly elevated above pre-treatment concentrations did not differ among treatment groups. The results of this study suggest that while restraint using a laparoscopy cradle is more stressful than that using a rollover cradle, the stress inflicted by intrauterine insemination by laparoscopy itself is no greater than that due to restraint using the laparoscopy cradle alone, cervical AI or the management practice offoot-trimming using a rollover cradle.

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Normative Arm and Calf Blood Pressure Values in the Newborn

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.83.2.240 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 240-243

Author(s):

Myung K. Park ◽

Da-Hae Lee

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Right ◽

Diagnosis Of Hypertension ◽

Mean Heart Rate

Indirect BP measurement was obtained in the right upper arm in 219 healthy newborn infants with the Dinamap monitor and was compared with values obtained from the calf to establish normative BP values and to help establish a diagnosis of hypertension and coarctation of the aorta in the newborn. There were 174 Mexican-Americans (79.5%), 33 whites (15.0%), and 12 blacks (5.5%). The width of the BP cuff was selected to be 0.4 to 0.5 times the circumference of the extremities. Three supine position readings of BPs and heart rate were obtained from each site and were averaged for statistical analyses. Mean arm BP values (±SD) of the neonate less than 36 hours of age were 62.6±6.9/38.9± 5.7 mm Hg (48.0±6.2 mm Hg). Neonates older than 36 hours had slightly but significantly (P<.05) greater values (4 to 6 mm Hg) than did infants younger than 36 hours of age. Active neonates had values 6 to 10 mm Hg greater than quiet neonates (P<.05). BP values in the calf obtained with the same-sized cuff were almost identical with those obtained from the arm. Differences in consecutively obtained arm and calf BPs (arm values minus calf values) were 1.1±7.7 mm Hg systolic, -0.01 ± 6.2 mm Hg diastolic, and 0.9 ±6.9 mm Hg mean pressures. Mean heart rate (±SD) of neonates less than 36 hours of age was 129.4± 13.2 beats per minute and that of neonates older than 36 hours of age was 139.4± 14.1 beats per minute. These results show the following: (1) arm BPs and calf BPs using the same-sized cuff are almost identical with mean values of approximately 65/ 41 mm Hg (50 mm Hg) in neonates one to three days of age, (2) arm BP of 75/49 mm Hg (59 mm Hg) or greater is in the hypertensive range, and (3) calf BPs that are less than arm BPs by mean + 1 SD (6 to 9 mm Hg) necessitate a thorough investigation for coarctation of the aorta.

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Postprandial Metabolic Effects of Accelerometer Measured Spontaneous Low-Level Activity

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2014-0298 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1133-1138 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meredith C. Peddie ◽

Claire Cameron ◽

Nancy Rehrer ◽

Tracy Perry

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Prolonged Sitting ◽

Total Movement ◽

Mean Heart Rate

Background:Interrupting sedentary time induces improvements in glucose metabolism; however, it is unclear how much activity is required to reduce the negative effects of prolonged sitting.Methods:Sixty-six participants sat continuously for 9 hours except for required bathroom breaks. Participants were fed meal replacement beverages at 60, 240 and 420 min. Blood samples were obtained hourly for 9 hours, with additional samples collected 30 and 45 min after each feeding. Responses were calculated as incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride. Participants wore a triaxial accelerometer and a heart rate monitor. Energy expenditure was estimated using indirect calorimetry.Results:After controlling for age, sex and BMI, every 100 count increase in accelerometer derived total movement was associated with a 0.06 mmol·L-1·9 hours decrease in glucose iAUC (95% CI 0.004–0.1; P = .035), but not associated with changes in insulin or triglyceride iAUC. Every 1 bpm increase in mean heart rate was associated with a 0.76 mmol·L-1·9 hours increase in triglyceride iAUC (95% CI 0.13–1.38).Conclusion:Accelerometer measured movement during periods of prolonged sitting can result in minor improvements in postprandial glucose metabolism, but not lipid metabolism.

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Srdeční frekvence sportovců s mentálním postižením během zápasů národního turnaje ve stolním tenise Českého hnutí speciálních olympiád: pilotní studie

Studia sportiva ◽

10.5817/sts2018-2-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta Gimunová ◽

Hana Válková ◽

Tomáš Kalina

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

The Body ◽

Table Tennis ◽

Special Olympics ◽

Individual Fitness ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Overweight Or Obesity ◽

Mean Heart Rate

Heart rate values are considered to be a significant indicator of individual fitness, intensity of exerciseand sympathetic activation. There are few studies in Czech literature focused on the heart rate in athleteswith intellectual disabilities. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of heart rateduring fifteen table tennis matches within the 23rd national tournament of the Czech Special OlympicsMovement. Ten participants (6 males, 4 females) who for at least 3 years train regularly and participatein table tennis competitions under the Special Olympics rules, were observed. Their heart rate wasmeasured using a sports tester Forerunner® 15, Garmin Ltd, which was fastened on the participant’schest during their game day. Heart rate values during the matches were statistically processed alongwith the matches’ duration and the resulting match scores. Correlation coefficients obtained from scatterplots show a statistically significant relationship of mean heart rate values during the match withthe resulting score, probably influenced by emotion and psychological stress associated with the matchloss. The effect of match duration on the heart rate was not statistically significant during observedmatches. Subsequent analysis of the body composition of the athletes showed that sixty percent ofthem were in the category of overweight or obesity. These results highlight the need to promote healthylifestyle and physical activity in the population with intellectual disabilities.

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Influence of time-varying mean heart rate in coronary artery disease diagnostic performance of heart rate variability indices from exercise stress testing

Journal of Electrocardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2011.02.001 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 445-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Raquel Bailón ◽

Pedro Serrano ◽

Pablo Laguna

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Diagnostic Performance ◽

Stress Testing ◽

Exercise Stress ◽

Time Varying ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Mean Heart Rate

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463 The Effect of Intervention of Medical Staff on the Adherence of CPAP and Heart Rate in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A182-A183

Author(s):

Ryutaro Shirahama ◽

Rie Ishimaru ◽

Jun Takagiwa ◽

Yasue Mitsukura

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Medical Staff ◽

Nervous Activity ◽

Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽

Sleep Stages ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Tele Monitoring ◽

Mean Heart Rate

Abstract Introduction Recent studies have indicated that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with hypertension. OSA is a common cause of sympathetic nervous activity. Increase of sympathetic nervous activity causes hypertension. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most useful treatment for OSAS. Good CPAP adherence treatment improve the risk of hypertension. This study examined the effect of intervention of medical staff on the adherence of CPAP, heart rate and sleep stages in patients with OSA. Methods All patients diagnosed with OSA and undergoing subsequent CPAP were clinically followed for 12 months to examine CPAP adherence, as well as longitudinal changes in blood pressure, average heartrate of 24 hours and sleep stages. They were divided into 2 groups, Group A: patients who had individual consulted in person by sleep physician and technicians before start using CPAP and Group B: patents who did not have individual consulted. Patients in both groups were consulted by sleep physician and technicians after start CPAP with utilizing tele-monitoring. If the adherence were poor, the patients were recommended to stop CPAP. We provided 3D accelerometer and an optical pulse photoplethysmography to all the patients and analyzed the data of heart rate and sleep stages. Results A total of 30 OSA patients underwent CPAP, were enrolled in the study and assessed for changes in mean heart rate and body weight during the study period. We found a significant reduction in mean heart rate in both group A and B compared with baseline (p<-0.05). The patients aged under 50 years old and whose AHI<20 times/hour have higher ratio of dropout CPAP therapy. There was no significant difference between Group A and Group B on the persistency rate of CPAP therapy. Also, no significant association was found between group A and B on the adherence of CPAP. Conclusion We showed the importance of the effect of intervention of medical staff on the adherence of CPAP and heart rate in patients with OSA the consultation after starting CPAP for a while with utilizing tele-monitoring data would be more effective compared with that in person before start using CPAP. Support (if any):

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Uncertainty of Reinforcement Consequences in Pavlovian Conditioning of Dogs

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1969.24.1.147 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 147-152E ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fred L. Royer

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Pavlovian Conditioning ◽

Heart Rate Change ◽

Rate Change ◽

Temporal Uncertainty ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mean Heart Rate

Four dogs were given discriminative conditioning using 3 CSs. One CS (CS + C) was always reinforced with shock, another (CS−) was never reinforced while a third (CS + U) was reinforced 75% of the trials with reinforcement occurring either immediately, 2 or 4 sec. after the termination of CS. Heart-rate change was greater for CS + C than for CS + U or CS there was no significant difference between the latter. The termination of the CS + U appeared to be informative; mean heart rate during the post-CS period on unreinforced trials of CS + U was not significantly different from that during CS + C. Flexion latencies were longer to CS + U. The cardiac UR was less for CS + U than for CS + C, suggesting that temporal uncertainty inhibits the UR.

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Cardiac parameters during the estrous cycle of canine bitches

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2017000300015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 295-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rute C.A. de Souza ◽

Regiane Peres ◽

Marlos G. Sousa ◽

Aparecido A. Camacho

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Nervous System ◽

Estrous Cycle ◽

Cardiac Rhythm ◽

Gradual Increase ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Group I ◽

Mean Heart Rate ◽

Prospective Investigation

ABSTRACT: The cardiovascular parameters of canine bitches were assessed during the estrous cycle. A total of eleven mongrel female dogs were enrolled in a longitudinal prospective investigation. Six animals were bred during the study and were assigned into group I, in which evaluations were performed during proestrus, estrus, gestational diestrus and anestrus. The five remaining bitches were not bred and underwent evaluations during proestrus, estrus, nongestational diestrus and anestrus. The holter data showed a gradual increase in the minimum and mean heart rate along pregnancy, as well as a reduction during anestrus, which differed significantly among the distinct periods. The values for maximal heart rate documented during pregnancy were significantly lower than those recorded during anestrus, and a variation in the heart rate circadian rhythm was also found, as demonstrated by decreases at night and rises during the day. Cardiac rhythm had a similar performance in both pregnancy and anestrus. Likewise, the blood pressure, electrocardiography, and echocardiography data did not vary during the estrous cycle. The results support the role played by the autonomic nervous system during these two distinct periods in order to attain a heart rate that provides the blood needed by the female’s body during the various stages of the reproductive cycle. Further studies are needed to better clarify the cardiovascular compensatory neuroendocrine events that accompany gestation in this species.

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