Clement of Alexandria (AD 150–215)

Author(s):  
Henry Chadwick

Clement of Alexandria, a Christian Platonist, came to conversion through philosophy. In a series of allusive writings he presented a Hellenized Christianity along with the philosophical syncretism of his age: Stoic ethics, Aristotelian logic and especially Platonic metaphysics. Just as Paul saw the Hebrew prophets and law as a preparation for the Gospel, Clement saw Christianity as making possible a confluence of Plato and the Old Testament, both offering anticipations of Jesus’ teaching. Clement’s fusion of Platonism and Christianity vehemently opposed the dualism and determinism of gnostic theosophy, and stressed free choice and responsibility as fundamental to moral values. Central to his writing is the vindication of faith as the foundation for growth in religious knowledge by philosophical contemplation and biblical study.

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-137
Author(s):  
Павел Лизгунов

Цель данной статьи - раскрыть понятие смирения у Климента и Оригена Александрийских. Для этого проводится филологический анализ употребления изучаемыми авторами слов смирение, смиренномудрие и однокоренных с ними, а также богословский анализ учения авторов о соответствующих добродетелях - в сравнении с предшествующей традицией раскрытия этой добродетели. Авторы, стоящие у истоков христианской богословской науки, обобщают сказанное прежде них о добродетели смирения и вносят собственный вклад в христианское учение о смирении. В текстах Климента и Оригена встречаются как античное словоупотребление, в котором термин «смирение» имеет уничижительный смысл, так и христианское употребление в значении нравственной добродетели. Их учение о христианских добродетелях смирения, смиренномудрия и кротости основывается на Священном Писании и содержит в себе черты учения мужей апостольских, ранних апологетов и борцов с гностицизмом. В их текстах впервые ставится вопрос о соотношении христианского и античного учений о смирении, который они пытаются решить в духе примирения античных и христианской этических систем. При этом оба автора указывают на бóльшую древность библейского учения по сравнению с учением Платона, а Климентпрямо называетплатоновское высказывание о добродетельном смирении заимствованием из Ветхого Завета. В ряде случаев зависимость авторов от античной мысли приводит к неточностям и натяжкам в передаче христианского нравственного учения. В частности, это проявляется в учении Климента о добродетельной гордости и в отвержении Оригеном библейских «телесных» форм смирения в пользу смирения по преимуществу интеллектуального. The purpose of this article is to reveal the concept of humility among Clement and Origen of Alexandria. To do this, a philological analysis of the use by the authors of the words humility, humility and cognate with them, as well as a theological analysis of the teachings of the authors about the corresponding virtues, is carried out in comparison with the previous tradition of revealing this virtue. Their teaching on the Christian virtues of humility, humility and meekness is based on the Holy Scriptures and contains features of the teachings of the husbands of the apostolic, early apologists and fighters against Gnosticism. For the first time, their texts raise the question of the relationship between Christian and antique teachings on humility, which they are trying to solve in the spirit of reconciliation of ancient and Christian ethical systems. At the same time, both authors point to the greater antiquity of the biblical teaching in comparison with the teachings of Plato, and Clement directly calls the Platonic statement about virtuous humility borrowing from the Old Testament. In some cases, the authors’ dependence on ancient thought leads to inaccuracies and stretches in the transmission of Christian moral teachings. In particular, this is manifested in Clement’s doctrine of virtuous pride and in Origen’s rejection of the biblical «bodily» forms of humility in favor of humility predominantly intellectual.


1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Black

To speak, in general terms, of trends in modern biblical study is often to over-simplify; and certainly to claim that there has been, in recent years, a trend away from the traditional classicist or ‘hellenist’ approach to New Testament problems towards a more Hebraic or semitic-centred approach would be to be guilty of the same exaggeration as E. C. Hoskyns in 1930: ‘(There are) grounds for supposing no further progress in the understanding of … Christianity to be possible unless the ark of New Testament exegesis be recovered from its wanderings in the land of the Philistines (sic) and be led back not merely to Jerusalem, for that might mean contemporary Judaism, but to its home in the midst of the classical Old Testament Scriptures — to the Law and the Prophets.’ There is, nevertheless, some truth in A. M. Hunter's later statement: ‘After ransacking all sorts of sources, Jewish and Greek (and, we may add, starting all sorts of “hares”, some of which have not run very well), (scholars) are discovering the truth of Augustine's dictum, “The New Testament lies hidden in the Old, and the Old is made plain in the New”’ (Novum Testamentum in vetere latet, vetus in novo patet).


Author(s):  
Harry Maier

1 Clement is a letter attributed to Clement of Rome (fl. second half of the 1st century ce). It is from a single hand, comprising sixty-five chapters, written from a body of Christ followers in Rome to those in Corinth. It is a long and often rambling writing whose chief aim does not appear until chapters 39–44. Clement, on behalf of the Roman community, advises his audience to restore harmony to the Corinthian church through the reappointment of leaders some have deposed. Parts of the early church treated it as canonical. In Codex Alexandrinus it appears, together with 2 Clement, directly after the Book of Revelation, and in a Syriac manuscript both writings appear before the Apocalypse. Clement of Alexandria quoted the letter as a canonical text. It nowhere states it is from Clement but there are three warrants for accepting the attribution: in the 2nd century Dionysius of Corinth cited him as its author; the Shepherd of Hermas, a document many argue to be contemporary with the writing, identifies a Clement who has the responsibility of sending writings to other cities (Vision 2.4.3), arguably a direct allusion to 1 Clement; the possibility of association as a freed person with the aristocratic family of Titus Flavius Clement and his wife Flavia Domitilla, the latter of whom Eusebius of Caesarea records as persecuted by Domitian for Christian belief. Its chief importance is that it is the earliest preserved Christian letter outside the New Testament. As a text that is contemporary with, if not earlier than, several canonical writings, it offers a snapshot of emergent Christianity in Rome and Corinth. Since its discovery it has played a central role in debates concerning the earliest conceptions of leadership in the ancient church and it is here where most attention has been directed. Scholarly study has also centered on its uses of rhetorical conventions, philosophical traditions, liturgical formulae, and lengthy Old Testament quotations, as well as possible echoes of New Testament texts.


1984 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
J. A. Emerton ◽  
J. Barton
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Friedrich Quack

Abstract This study focuses on literary and sub-literary texts which present Egyptian scholars. I first look at outsider’s views (like the church-father Clement of Alexandria), borderline views (like the Egyptian priest Chairemon), and insider’s views. For the latter examination, two compositions are studied in more detail. The first is the Book of the Temple, which is a manual of the ideal Egyptian temple, including sections about the duties of several of its intellectual specialists. The second is the Ritual for Entering the Chamber of Darkness, which is a difficult text about the initiation to arcane religious knowledge and the mysteries of writing.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syarifuddin Mahfudh ◽  
Prasetio Rumondor

Abstrak: Pengembangan religiusitas pada anak usia dini sangatlah penting untuk penanaman sadar agama sejak dini. Pada zaman globalisasi ini, anak sangat mudah dimasuki pengaruh-pengaruh negatif dari berbagai sumber seperti tontonan televisi yang kurang mendidik, sosial media, dan lingkungan yang sangat mempengaruhi religiusitas anak usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya pengembangan religiusitas anak di Taman Pendidikan al-Qur’an Fathul ‘Ulum di Grojogan Wirokerten Banguntapan Bantul. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Objek penelitian berupa upaya pengembangan religiusitas dan tingkat keberhasilan dalam pengembanganya. Tehnik pengumpulan data dengan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa upaya pengembangan religiusitas pada anak usia dini yaitu dengan menanamkan pengetahuan agama, nilai akhlak pada kegiatan TPA, menanamkan sadar agama dalam keseharian, yaitu memberikan punishment dengan unsur religiusitas, pengetahuan agama untuk diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, dengan membiasakan sejak dini bagaimana cara menjadi Muslim yang taat sehingga menjadi modal yang optimal untuk pengembangan pendidikan selanjutnya. Abstract: The development of religiosity in early childhood is essential for cultivating religious awareness from an early age. In this era of globalization, it is straightforward for children to be accessed by negative influences from various sources such as uneducated television shows, social media, and the environment, which significantly affects early childhood religiosity. This study aims to determine efforts to develop children's religiosity in the Fathul 'Ulum Al-Qur'an Education Park in Grojogan Wirokerten Banguntapan Bantul. This research uses a qualitative approach. The study object is in the form of efforts to develop religiosity and the level of success in its development data collection techniques using observation, interview, and documentation methods. The results of this study indicate that efforts to develop religiosity in early childhood are by instilling religious knowledge, moral values in TPA activities, instilling an awareness of religion in everyday life, namely giving punishment with elements of religiosity, spiritual knowledge to be applied in everyday life, by getting used to it since early on how to become a devout Muslim so that it becomes optimal capital for further educational development. Kata Kunci:   Pengembangan Religiusitas, Pendidikan Agama Islam Taman Pendidikan Al-Qu’ran (TPA)


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
Nasiri Nasiri

Abstract: This research is a library research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in this study are using documentary techniques, while the method used is content analysis and interpretation. This study aims to determine the urgency of Islamic religious education in the era of globalization, and as a result of this research is the importance of Islamic religious education in the era of globalization is as a foundation to minimize moral degradation and create human resources that have moral values, Islamic religious education solutions to moral degradation because Islamic religious education aims to shape people who have morality and prepare competent human beings by mastering religious knowledge and knowledge. Keywords: Urgency, Islamic Religious Education, Globalization


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