Relativism

Author(s):  
Edward Craig

Someone who holds that nothing is simply good, but only good for someone or from a certain point of view, holds a relativist view of goodness. Protagoras, with his dictum that ‘man is the measure of all things’, is often taken to be an early relativist. Quite common are relativism about aesthetic value, about truth in particular areas such as religious truth, and (arising from anthropological theory) about rationality. There are also a number of ways of answering the question ‘relative to what?’ Thus something might be said to be relative to the attitudes or faculties of each individual, or to a cultural group, or to a species. Relativism therefore has many varieties; some are very plausible, others verge on incoherence.

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-760
Author(s):  
Michelle Mason

What connection is there between living well, in the sense of living a life of ethical virtue, and faring well, in the sense of living a life good for the agent whose life it is? Defenses of a connection between exercising the virtues and living a good life often display two commitments: first, to addressing their answer to the person whose life is in question and, second, to showing that virtue is what I call a reliability conferring property. I challenge both commitments. I propose we take up the question from the dialogical point of view implicit in contexts where one person (an “ethical trustee”) is charged with the care of the character of another (an “ethical trustor”) and argue that virtue is what I call a status conferring property. Ethical trustees benefit their trustors by inculcating the virtues because in doing so they bestow on them a status that is necessary for a good life.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3644-3649

We humans live life for attaining happiness by the way of fulfilling our needs wants & desires. We work hard to earn and satisfy all our requirements. We strive to derive a better experience upon our every shopping attempt which we make. Retail therapy in shopping is to improve the shoppers mood or disposition which is seen among people during depression or stress, in normal context it is a small duration-lived habit. Products purchased during period of retail therapy are also referred to as "comfort buys". in shopping experience, human brain apparently releases the chemical known as dopamine, a natural messenger required for the normal functioning of the brain, and it plays dominant role in our ability to experience pleasure and pain. It appears also to have a role in addictive behavior. The most important reason shopping malls are so popular is due to convenience. Which include clothing stores, a food court, movie theaters, etc Shopping might not be good for wallet, but it could be good for health, new research suggests. Walking within the mall between stores, multiplex, food court, gaming zone etc provides better enjoyment experience which ultimately results into shopper’s satisfaction. “Therapy” denotes the favorable impact of shopping experience of shoppers at shopping malls, there are indeed psychological rewards. This article discuses about retail therapy from shoppers’ experience point of view as depending upon the experience, knowledge & situation the shoppers intend to make compulsive or impulsive buying which impacts behavior of shopper & emotions which are been motivated by desire to fulfill material needs and wants.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristidis Matsoukis ◽  
Athanasios Kamoutsis ◽  
Aikaterini Chronopoulou-Sereli

Ajuga orientalis L. is a widespread plant species in many countries, such as Greece, Italy and Turkey, with promising aesthetic value in the field and in landscape design, but nothing is known about its phenology, from a detailed, quantitatively, point of view, in relation to meteorological variables. Thus, under the aforementioned context, the purpose of our work is the elucidation of part of the phenology of this plant, especially concerning its flowering. To achieve this, the phenological stage ‘Beginning of flowering’, in terms of its start dates (julian days), was investigated in relation to average air temperature (T) of March in two areas, Roudi and Kaboulieri at north-northwest and south-southeast slopes, respectively, of Mount Aenos, Cephalonia, Greece, for three successive years (2014-2016). From the analysis of the T of March, it was confirmed that Kaboulieri area was significantly warmer (P<0.05) than Roudi area by 0.8 oC both in 2014 and 2015, with a significantly earlier appearance (P<0.05) of ‘Beginning of flowering’ of A. orientalis in Kaboulieri, ranging from 9.1 (2015) to 10.9 (2014) julian days. The findings of our study could be used for the planning of an efficient preservation program process of the aforementioned plant species in a vulnerable mountainous environment, such as the Mount Aenos environment, as well as for its further exploitation as a decorative plant.


1960 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Mosse

The relationship between Christianity and the Enlightenment presents a subtle and difficult problem. No historian has as yet fully answered the important question of how the world view of the eighteenth century is related to that of traditional Christianity. It is certain, however, that the deism of that century rejected traditional Christianity as superstitious and denied Christianity a monopoly upon religious truth. The many formal parallels which can be drawn between Enlightenment and Christianity cannot obscure this fact. From the point of view of historical Christianity, both Protestant and Catholic, the faith of the Enlightenment was blasphemy. It did away with a personal God, it admitted no supernatural above the natural, it denied the relevance of Christ's redemptive task in this world. This essay attempts to discover whether traditional Christian thought itself did not make a contribution to the Enlightenment.


2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Palmer

This article reveals the ways in which concepts associated with the humanities inform determinations of ‘outstanding universal’ aesthetic value of natural heritage under the World Heritage Convention. Language derived from humanistic ideas of beauty, the sublime and the picturesque, together with a range of images, are used in World Heritage deliberations to describe nature from, in the words of the treaty, ‘an aesthetic point of view’. However, a preference for ‘scientific method’ masks the use of humanistic approaches, impeding the development of critical approaches that could enhance World Heritage determinations. The deliberate use of humanistic methods and images to judge environmental aesthetics would, the article contends, facilitate critical inquiry without falling foul the ‘principle of legality’ – an international legal requirement of international bodies such as the World Heritage Committee to act in accordance with the powers conferred on them by the states parties under a treaty.


2021 ◽  
pp. 266-290
Author(s):  
Astghik Astghik

THE FUNCTIONS OF ARMENIAN FEMALE ADORNMENTS (XVIII-XX CC.) Adornments as cherished keepsakes vary with their roles and significant meanings behind them. They have existed throughout history from ancient times to the present in particular ways to represent their positive and beneficial aspects as well as aesthetic value and beauty, belief and affiliation, custom and tradition to define social status within a community. Due to the provision of great amount of information about the adornments by early male and female wearers we come to know the wide spectrum of their performance indicating function and quantity, type and purpose, gender and age, time and circumstances. Articles of adornment progressed through ages in forms and in ways of wearing. One of the prized and popular purposes for jewelry is to signify valued relationships and bonding experiences to bring good luck to the person who possesses them. The symbolism often makes jewelry more meaningful and important carrying a positive connotation integrated into the design. They often serve as gifts. The form of donation (e.g. during the wedding rituals), oblation (e.g. to the church or a holy spring), getting and receiving adornments are very striking. On a larger scale studies on decorations of XVIII-XX cc. shed light on several benefits and several ideas of a strong positive message. The forms and the patterns of the decorations include symbols, often combination of symbols, associated with the sun, the moon, water (wavy lines), plants (bud, almond, flower, branches etc.), animals (snake, fish, frog, bee etc.), dragons and so on. From this point of view supernatural might of the metals, the precious stones and shells bring happiness and healing. The colours of artificial beads, wooden beads, made of the sacred trees wood and coins having apotropaic properties were considered to have a specific function as well. The rare inscriptions used as patterns are fairly notable too. There are fascinating materials in the Armenian folklore that add depth and a range of concepts to the context of the adornments which facilitate to recognize the character of the decorations profoundly and think about their prominent role within the Armenian culture.


1876 ◽  
Vol 21 (96) ◽  
pp. 532-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Clouston

When I saw in the last number of this journal that Dr Crichton Browne had essayed the task of criticising the system of classification of insanity devised by the late Dr. Skae, I knew the fact could not but be gratifying to Skae's friends. To have any system or theory subjected to independent criticism is very good for it. Then I could not forget that some of those who had advocated most earnestly Skae's classification had been pupils, assistants, and friends of his during life; and I was conscious, from my own experience, how much anyone in that position was inclined to look partially on his work. I felt sure that Dr. Browne, while seeing this, would not, in those circumstances, consider it a mortal sin, and would pass it gently and generously by. Indeed, I was a little afraid that he himself, as an old pupil of Skae, might be tempted to soften the stern tone befitting a critic, by something of the same pardonable feeling. He has striven to resist this impulse, and with much success. Another reason why I rejoiced that the merits of this system should be canvassed was, that I thought with, perhaps, natural partiality, that everyone must necessarily see something good in it; and that the fact of its being looked closely into by a competent and unbiased mind would produce a better understanding of Skae's point of view, and a more thorough sifting of the tares from the wheat. Not that such criticism had been wanting either at home or abroad. The system had been before the world for twelve years. The authors of all the standard books on psychological medicine and papers on classification published since that time had discussed its merits; and it did seem as if it were growing in favour. Maudsley, in each successive edition, had seemed to make more and more account of it; Blandford had assigned it a good place amongst other systems; Hack Tuke had given high praise to all the “somato-etiological” systems of looking at and classifying mental disease, and to Skae's in particular; Mitchell had declared it had taken hold of the medical mind; Thompson Dickson had said there was some good in it; and finally, that Nestor of alienists, whom Dr. Browne fitly describes as “the most illustrious representative of English medical psychology now living,” Bucknill, had given it the truest flattery of all by incorporating its nomenclature in the orders, genera, and species of that classification which is the final result of his vast experience, the generalised sum of all his thinking. All these, and more, had found it had faults; but they all speak of it and its author with much respect. Then it is a mere matter of fact that its terminology had become a part—and an essential part—of recent writings on nervous and mental disease.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
A. Akynbekova

Moldo Niyaz is a person who has a unique place in the Kyrgyz language, literature, history and culture. He is the ancestor of the development of the form of written literary language in the nineteenth century. His work Sanat Digarasttar is of great importance as one of the priceless documents that makes it possible to reflect on the state of the language, almost in the previous century and a half and on the written monuments of the Kyrgyz language for linguistic science in the middle of the XIX century. Artistic and aesthetic value, dignity, all the beauty of Sanat songs left by the author are reflected in the language features. Therefore, in order to learn the written technologies of the ancient Kyrgyz peoples, it is necessary to study the language features of the works of Moldo Niyaz from different sides. Based on this direction, the article makes a comparative analysis of the grammatical local language features of the language in the work of akyn with the modern Kyrgyz literary language. Scientific works of researchers in this direction,devoted to dialects, such turkologists as K. K. Yudakhin, B. M. Yunusaliev, I. A. Batmanov, T. K. Akhmatov, Zh. Mukambaev, G. Bakinova, E. Abduldaev, K. Beknazarov, Sh. Zhaparov, K. Kyrbashev, A. Biyaliev, Zh. Zhumaliev, T. Sydykov were the scientific and theoretical foundations of our work. Thus, the study and definition of such issues as the emergence of the Kyrgyz literary language, history, development of the language-this is today also one of the main problems. When solving these problems, the issue of research of the works of pischuschih akyns before the October revolution can become the main linguistic base. From this point of view, it is necessary to study from different sides the works of akynovkak Moldo Niyaz, the written language of regional use, especially the XIX–XX centuries before the formation of the Kyrgyz people as a nationality.


Jurnal KATA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yandri Yandri ◽  
Maulid Hariri Gani ◽  
Putri Khairina Masta ◽  
Eldiapma Syahdiza ◽  
Fadlul Rahman

<em>Culture of architectural photography is a branch of photography that exposes the aesthetic value of an architectural object of a building<strong>.</strong> The presence of drone technology in the culture of photography recently brings changes to the results of the photography itself and one of them is in the area of architectural photography.  This study aims at verifying the influence of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle technology (Drone) on the artwork of architectural photography. The method used in this research was qualitative method with descriptive technique. Data were collected through library research and field research with observation and interview techniques. The culture using drones offer significant results in architectural photography artworks. The high flexibility of the drone gives results on a very detail architectural artwork. Using a drone also provides a very dazzling point of view that cannot be obtained by using only a DSLR camera. Furthermore by using drone, the artworks of photography are no longer limited by areas that cannot be reached. Therefore by using a drone, the photographer can make architectural photography works with unlimited perspective dimensions. There are some weaknesses of using this drone that the camera and lens are not adjustable and they also cannot be changed.</em>


Author(s):  
MILENKO SCHIAVETTI BASILIO KOVACEVIC

ResumoEste artigo trata do recorte da pesquisa em andamento, que tem por finalidade investigar os conhecimentos que são necessários para os estudos do conceito de Geometria Esférica e a sua interposição entre as disciplinas de Matemática e Astronomia, nos anos finais da Educação Básica. Sendo assim, busca-se responder a seguinte questão: Qual é a base do conhecimento para o ensino de Astronomia Posicional no 3º ano do Ensino Médio? Para responder a essa indagação, recorre-se a um estudo bibliográfico em produções textuais que contemplam a Astronomia Posicional no seu contexto histórico de origem. O referencial teórico pretendido para organização do objeto matemático baseia-se na Teoria Antropológica do Didático de Yves Chevallard (1992). Sob esta ótica, os objetos têm inter-relações hierárquicas que permitem identificar as suas respetivas estruturas ecológicas na gênese de conceitos matemáticos apoiados na ideia de nicho, habitat, cadeia alimentar e ecossistema. Palavras-Chave: Geometria Esférica; Astronomia Posicional; Organização Matemática; Organização Didática.AbstractThis article treaties with the research still ongoing that aims to investigate the knowledge needed to study the concept of Spherical Geometry and its interposition between Mathematics and Astronomy in the final years of Basic Education. Thus, we try to answer the following question: What is the knowledge base for the teaching of Positional Astronomy in the 3rd year of High School? To answer this question, a bibliographic study is used in textual productions that contemplate Positional Astronomy in its historical context of origin. The theoretical framework for the organization of the mathematical object is based on Yves Chevallard's (1992) Anthropological Theory of Didactics. From this point of view, objects have hierarchical interrelations that allow their respective ecological structures to be identified in the genesis of mathematical concepts based on the idea of niche, habitat, food chain and ecosystem.Keywords: Spherical Geometry; Positional Astronomy; Mathematical Organisation; Didactical Organization. 


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document