Food security and food access

The explosion of technology allows more manufacture food and variety in the market. However, the massive quantity of food is not essential measure of economic progress because the quality of food is more important when producing food. In realizing food quality along with food quantities, various legal issues related to food security have been arisen. Thus, this paper will be examine the legal issues related to food security from the Islamic perspective worldview. Using a study of documents released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and content analysis, there are several legislative issues that have been found regarding food security. Such issues include aspects of food production, exploitation of natural resources, trade, and rights to the food. The apparent impact of these issues has undermined food security and food access, thus prompting food security in various parts of the world. Through an analysis of Islamic worldview, this paper presents the preservation of habluminallah and habluminannas relationships as a basis for addressing the issues discussed. Ledakan teknologi membolehkan bahan makanan dihasilkan dengan lebih banyak dan pelbagai di pasaran. Namun demikian, kuantiti makanan yang banyak bukan ukuran kemajuan ekonomi yang hakiki kerana kualiti makanan lebih utama untuk diambil kira dalam menghasilkan makanan. Dalam merealisasikan kualiti seiring dengan kuantiti makanan, pelbagai isu perundangan berkaitan sekuriti makanan telah timbul. Menyedari perkara berkenaan, makalah ini akan meneliti isu perundangan yang berkaitan sekuriti makanan daripada perspektif tasawur Islam. Dengan menggunakan kajian ke atas dokumen yang dikeluarkan oleh Organisasi Makanan dan Pertanian (Food and Agriculture Organization) (FAO) dan analisis kandungan, terdapat beberapa isu perundangan berkaitan sekuriti makanan yang ditemui. Isu tersebut merangkumi aspek pengeluaran makanan, eksploitasi sumber alam, perdagangan, serta hak terhadap makanan. Kesan ketara isu-isu tersebut telah menjejaskan jaminan keselamatan makanan dan akses makanan sekali gus menggugah sekuriti makanan di pelbagai bahagian dunia. Melalui analisis daripada tasawur Islam, makalah ini mengemukakan pemeliharaan hubungan habluminallah dan habluminannas sebagai asas mengatasi isu-isu yang dibincangkan.

Download Full-text

Agricultural diversification and food security in low- and middle-income countries: Where is the evidence?

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-6748 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katharina Waha ◽

Francesco Accatino ◽

Cecile Godde ◽

Cyrille Rigolot ◽

Jessica Bogard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Access ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Agricultural Diversification ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Food Utilisation ◽

Farm Scale

Diversity and diversification in agricultural systems are often presented in the literature as having multiple benefits such as enhancing resilience, increasing food production and decreasing risks in production systems and is often postulated to benefit food and nutrition security in low- and middle-income countries. Our study aims to provide an overview of the potential for agricultural diversification to improve food security status as reported in recently published research articles analysing the diversity-food security relationship. We consider results for different scales, from individual to global and for different food security dimensions: availability, access, stability and utilisation.We carried out a literature review that includes exhaustive, comprehensive searching. We search for peer-reviewed publications in the Web of Science core collection (v.5.32) written in English, between 2010 and February 2020 on the association between diversity in agricultural systems and at least one dimension or measure of food security. From the original list of articles we exclude all publications that (1) focus on a study area outside a low- to middle income country; (2) do not include at least one metric of farm-, regional-, or global-level diversity as specified with the search terms; (3) do not explicitly measure at least one food security dimension, or (4) were exclusively focussed on describing drivers and trends in diversity or food security.We find that a total number of 87 research articles assessed a total of 328 diversity-food security relationships using one or more statistical modelling approach. About half of them are positive (54%) and mostly refer to the diversity-food access relationship on the individual, household and farm scale as this was the food security dimension and spatial scale most analysed. Of all results for food access 60% were positive relationships and only 4% were negative relationships with the remainder having no or ambiguous relationships. Twenty-nine studies used household dietary diversity as a measure of food access and 10 studies used at least one food access indicator that is a validated proxy for nutrient adequacy. Positive relationships were more often reported for food availability (65%) than for food utilisation (33%) also because for food utilisation there are a lot of mixed findings for different measures of anthropometric and nutritional status. The most common spatial scale assessed was the household and farm scale (58%).There is no food security dimension that primarily has a negative relationship with agricultural diversity but there is a considerable number of relationships that are found to be neutral or ambiguous. Diversity can be an important driver of food security, but the magnitude of the contribution depends on the&#160; socio-economic and biophysical characteristics of the local farming system. We conclude that farmers mostly see diversification as a potential strategy to improve livelihoods, agricultural production and/or food and nutrition security where other strategies are more expensive but not as a desirable characteristic of the agricultural systems at all costs especially in the presence of other strategies that can achieve the same outcome.

Download Full-text

Development of a Comprehensive Questionnaire Evaluating Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding University Student Food Access Resource Use

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 229-229

Author(s):

Brittany Loofbourrow ◽

Anna Jones ◽

Mary Morgan ◽

Rachel Scherr

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

University Students ◽

Food Choice ◽

Food Access ◽

Survey Design ◽

Food Resource ◽

University Of California ◽

Cognitive Interviews ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Objectives To develop a comprehensive questionnaire which assesses food security and knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding food access resources at a large public university. Methods A comprehensive food security and food resource questionnaire was developed by a panel of nutrition and survey design experts for use with university students. The questionnaire underwent two rounds of cognitive interviews with a diverse group of university students to ensure questions were understood as intended. Feedback from the first round of cognitive interviews was used to inform changes and improve clarity. The second round of cognitive interviews was used to clarify changes made to the questionnaire during the first round of interviews. Following the cognitive interviews, the questionnaire was reviewed by the panel of nutrition and survey design experts and finalized. Results Following a systematic approach, a comprehensive questionnaire was developed and finalized for use with university students. The initial questionnaire contained 40 questions. Following the first round of cognitive interviews (n = 15 students) 34 questions were revised, 7 questions were added and 1 question was removed. Following the second round of cognitive interviews (n = 10 students), Likert-scale questions were edited for simplicity, and question formatting was edited to emphasize differences in questions that were otherwise identical. Before distribution, 7 questions about food choice were added, food security screening questions were added, and skip-logic was incorporated into the questionnaire and tested. Conclusions The final questionnaire evaluates food resource KAPs and contains 68 items, including questions from the 10-item USDA Food Security Module, and newly developed questions regarding student food choice motivations, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption habits, knowledge/awareness of food access resources, perceptions of food access resources, current student concerns/stressors, and financial considerations. This newly developed questionnaire has been distributed to 10,000 University of California, Davis students. Future applications for this questionnaire include distribution at other universities and colleges within California. Funding Sources This project was funded by an internal University of California, Davis research grant.

Download Full-text

Using participatory and mixed-methods approaches in GIS to develop a Place-Based Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Index

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1177/0308518x16686352 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 1181-1205 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mahbubur R Meenar

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Built Environment ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Food Environment ◽

Food Access ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Community Food Security ◽

Participatory Gis ◽

Analytical Process

This paper discusses the development of a Place-Based Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Index (PFIVI), which incorporates six indicators and 30 variables. It also presents an application of this Index within the context of Philadelphia, a postindustrial U.S. city. The paper argues that in order to thoroughly measure a multidimensional socioeconomic problem that is tied to the built environment (e.g., food insecurity and vulnerability), the use of participatory and mixed-methods approaches in GIS (e.g., participatory GIS or PGIS) may produce more comprehensive results compared to other commonly used methods. This paper makes an intervention in the food environment literature, which tends to analyze food access in a narrow way, by applying a methodology conceptually grounded in community food security and operationalized through a PGIS project. It also contributes to still-evolving PGIS methodologies by directly engaging stakeholders in a complicated GIS-based analytical process.

Download Full-text

Perceptions of the Food Environment and Access among Predominantly Black Low-Income Residents of Rural Louisiana Communities

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17155340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (15) ◽

pp. 5340

Author(s):

Denise Holston ◽

Jessica Stroope ◽

Matthew Greene ◽

Bailey Houghtaling

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Focus Group ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Low Income ◽

Food Environment ◽

Food Access ◽

The United States ◽

Grocery Store ◽

Assistance Program ◽

Nutrition Assistance

Food insecurity in rural settings is complex and not fully understood, especially from the perspective of low-income and Black residents. The goal of this study was to use qualitative methods to better understand experiences with food access and perceptions of the food environment among low-income, predominately Black rural Louisiana residents in the United States. Data were collected from focus group discussions (FGD) and focus group intake forms. Study participants were all rural residents eligible to receive at least one nutrition assistance program. FGD questions focused on perceptions of the food environment, with an emphasis on food access. Participants (n = 44) were predominately Black and female. Over half (n = 25) reported running out of food before the end of the month. Major themes included: store choice, outshopping, methods of acquiring foods other than the grocery store, and food insecurity. Concerns around price, quality, and transportation emerged as factors negatively impacting food security. Understanding residents’ perceptions and experiences is necessary to inform contextually appropriate and feasible policy and practice interventions that address the physical environment and social conditions that shape the broader physical food environment in order to achieve equitable food access and food security.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Mexican Household Food Security Status and Income Distribution on Food Access

Food Studies An Interdisciplinary Journal ◽

10.18848/2160-1933/cgp/v03i02/40570 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 31-40

Author(s):

Mireya Vilar-Compte ◽

Ana Bernal-Stuart ◽

Sebastián Sandoval-Olascoaga ◽

Ana Bertha Pérez-Lizaur

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Income Distribution ◽

Food Access ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Household Food ◽

Food Security Status

Download Full-text

Assessing the relevance of neighbourhood characteristics to the household food security of low-income Toronto families

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980010000339 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1139-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Sharon I Kirkpatrick ◽

Valerie Tarasuk

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Low Income ◽

Food Access ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Household Food ◽

Neighbourhood Social Capital ◽

Neighbourhood Characteristics

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the sociodemographic characteristics of food-insecure households have been well documented, there has been little examination of neighbourhood characteristics in relation to this problem. In the present study we examined the association between household food security and neighbourhood features including geographic food access and perceived neighbourhood social capital.DesignCross-sectional survey and mapping of discount supermarkets and community food programmes.SettingTwelve high-poverty neighbourhoods in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.SubjectsRespondents from 484 low-income families who had children and who lived in rental accommodations.ResultsFood insecurity was pervasive, affecting two-thirds of families with about a quarter categorized as severely food insecure, indicative of food deprivation. Food insecurity was associated with household factors including income and income source. However, food security did not appear to be mitigated by proximity to food retail or community food programmes, and high rates of food insecurity were observed in neighbourhoods with good geographic food access. While low perceived neighbourhood social capital was associated with higher odds of food insecurity, this effect did not persist once we accounted for household sociodemographic factors.ConclusionsOur findings raise questions about the extent to which neighbourhood-level interventions to improve factors such as food access or social cohesion can mitigate problems of food insecurity that are rooted in resource constraints. In contrast, the results reinforce the importance of household-level characteristics and highlight the need for interventions to address the financial constraints that underlie problems of food insecurity.

Download Full-text

Análisis de indicadores de disponibilidad y accesibilidad alimentaria en el municipio de Xalapa

UVserva ◽

10.25009/uvserva.v0i7.2601 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Luis Felipe Godínez García ◽

Lol Ki Itzel López Galindo ◽

María Magdalena Álvarez Ramírez

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Production ◽

Food Access ◽

The Other ◽

Social Programs ◽

Nutritional Security ◽

Active Population ◽

Para Determinar ◽

Food And Nutritional Security ◽

Access To Food

Para determinar la situación de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional del municipio de Xalapa, Veracruz, se analizaron los pilares de la disponibilidad y accesibilidad a los alimentos; los indicadores incluidos fueron: producción de alimentos básicos, programas sociales, pobreza y carencias, desempleo, población económicamente activa e ingreso. De los 22 indicadores analizados, 13 presentan datos que indican una tendencia hacia la inseguridad alimentaria, mientras que 7 muestran valores de seguridad alimentaria. La producción de alimentos mostró una disminución, mientras que en los programas sociales se muestran como fortaleza, los indicadores de pobreza y desempleo muestran tendencia al aumento, al igual que la carencia por acceso a la alimentación. Al considerar que con uno de los cuatro pilares no se encuentre al 100% se considera un estado de inseguridad, es necesario examinar los indicadores de la SAN como un referente para establecer un diagnóstico por municipio.Palabras clave: seguridad alimentaria; municipio; indicador; pobreza; desnutrición AbstractThe Food and Nutritional Security: Food availability and Food access were analyzed to determine the situation of the municipality of Xalapa, Veracruz. The indicators worked were basic food production, social programs, poverty and shortages, unemployment, economically active population, income. The food production shows a decrease, while in social programs a strength is shown, poverty and unemployment indicators show a tendency to increase, as well as the lack of access to food. In total of the 22 indicators analyzed, 13 present data indicating a trend towards food insecurity, while 7 show food safety values. It is necessary to analyze the indicators of the other pillars of the SAN to establish a better diagnosis of the municipality.Keywords: Food Security; Municipality; Indicator; Poverty; Malnutrition

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the determinants of food security within the COVID-19 pandemic circumstances- a particular case of Shaanxi, China

Global Health Research and Policy ◽

10.1186/s41256-021-00230-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Apurbo Sarkar ◽

Wang Hongyu ◽

Abdul Azim Jony ◽

Jiban Chandro Das ◽

Waqar Hussain Memon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Availability ◽

Food Access ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Shaanxi Province ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Effective Utilization ◽

Agricultural Food

Abstract Background Agricultural food production and distribution industries may play a vital role in determining the current conditions of any country’s food security and sustainable development goals. This paper examined the determinants of food security within three distinct aspects (effective utilization of food, food availability, and food access) within the COVID-19 epidemic situation. Methods The qualitative set-up of the study comprised with the identification of drivers by critical analysis of published papers and discussion held with some practitioners. The quantitative data used in this research were collected from a survey covering the agricultural food supply industry in China (Shaanxi Province). The survey was conducted from November to December 2020 and we mainly focus on three aspects of food security (effective utilization of food, food availability, and food access). The core analytical assumptions were made by employing exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results After analyzing the data collected from 257 agricultural food productions and distribution personnel along with the hypothesis testing, it found that the determinants of the effective utilization of food were positively related to the determinants of food access (β = 0.291, p = 0.029) and food availability (β = 0.298, p = 0.011), and the determinants of food availability were positively related to the food access determinants (β = 0.128, p = 0.002). The association and variance values between food availability and food access were 0.659 and 0.407; the association and variance values between for effective utilization of food and food availability aspects were 0.465 and 0.298, and between effective utilization of food and economy were 0.508 and 0.475. Conclusion The study critically evaluated the interconnection among the crucial determinants within the banner of three dimensions, which will act as a major contribution to existing literature. This research will help the government and industry to develop policies and strategies for the successful implementation of all the associated determinants of food security in terms of the epidemic situation.

Download Full-text

ANALISIS STRATEGI PENGUATAN KETAHANAN PANGAN BERAS DI KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ULU

SEPA Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.20961/sepa.v15i2.27862 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Ema Pusvita ◽

Sriati Sriati ◽

Dessy Adriani

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Availability ◽

Food Access ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Food Prices ◽

Series Data ◽

Food Reserves ◽

Access To Food ◽

Improve Food Security

Analysis of strengthen strategies of food rice security in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency is a bundle strategy to improve food security in dimensions of availability, stability and food access. This research was historical research.It used time series data, during 26 years period. Technique in collecting data used questionnaires. Data analysis used multiple regression analysis and SWOT matrix. Data presents in tables andpicture, as well as narration to interpret the data.The results of research showes that food security conditions in OKU regency still can meet the needs of rice. Adequacy of food availability, stability and access to food in OKU regency has a surplus of rice along 26 years period. This also shows that OKU regency is able to meet the needs of food rice. The factors that affect food security are (1) the availability of food with a variable land area, production and productivity, (2) stability with variable food consumption, food availability and food access, and (3) access to food that is variable income, the price of rice, the price of corn.Strategies undertaken to improve food security are doing expansion field and farming intensification, applying a single policy basic price of grain, local government policy to apply the regulation about land use, developing of farming with institutional concept, diversifying crops, reducing consumption rice, stabilizing food prices, and improving food reserves. It can be concluded thatstrategy of strengthening food security can be improved by implementing capabilities, minimizing shortage, maximizing opportunities, and overcoming the threats. This study suggest that government should follow the concept of food securitydevelopment and implement the strategy. ABSTRAK Analisis strategi penguatan ketahanan pangan beras di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu adalah suatu strategi yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dengan dimensi ketersediaan, stabilitas dan akses pangan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian bersifat historical (sejarah), menggunakan data runtun waktu (time series) yaitu selama kurun waktu 26 tahun. Teknik mengumpulan data menggunakan panduan kuisioner. Untuk analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dan matrik SWOT. Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar serta narasi untuk menginterpretasikan data tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kondisi ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten OKU masih dapat memenuhi kebutuhan beras masyarakatnya. Kecukupan ketersediaan pangan, stabilitas dan akses pangan yang ada di wilayah Kabupaten OKU mengalami surplus beras selama kurun waktu 26 tahun. Hal ini juga menunjukan bahwa Kabupaten OKU mampu mencukupi kebutuhan pangan beras masyarakatnya. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketahanan pangan yaitu (1) ketersediaan pangan dengan variable luas lahan, produksi dan produktifitas, (2) stabilitas pangan dengan variable konsumsi, ketersediaan pangan dan akses pangan, serta (3) akses pangan variable yaitu pendapatan, harga beras, harga jagung. Strategi yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten OKU yaitu melakukan areal ekstensifikasi dan intensifikasi usahatani, menerapkan kebijakan tunggal harga dasar gabah, kebijakan pemerintah daerah untuk mengeluarkan peraturan tentang alihfungsi lahan, pengembangan usahatani dengan konsep kelembagaan, melakukan diversifikasi tanaman pangan, menurunkan tingkat konsumsi beras, menjaga stabilitas harga pangan, serta penguatkan cadangan pangan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi penguatan ketahanan pangan dapat ditingkatkan dengan menerapkan kemampuan, meminimalkan kekurangan, memaksimalkan peluang yang ada serta mengatasi ancaman yang menantang. Saran penelitian ini hendaknya pemerintah menindaklanjuti konsep pengembangan ketahanan pangan serta mengimplementasikan strategi tersebut.

Download Full-text