Assessment of visual problems in reading

Cerebellotrigeminal dermal (CTD) dysplasia is a rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized by a triad of symptoms: bilateral parieto-occipital alopecia, facial anesthesia in the trigeminal area, and rhombencephalosynapsis (RES), confirmed by cranial magnetic resonance imaging. CTD dysplasia is also known as Gómez-López-Hernández syndrome. So far, only 35 cases have been described with varying symptomatology. The etiology remains unknown. Either spontaneous dominant mutations or de novo chromosomal rearrangements have been proposed as possible explanations. In addition to its clinical triad of RES, parietal alopecia, and trigeminal anesthesia, CTD dysplasia is associated with a wide range of phenotypic and neurodevelopmental abnormalities.Treatment is symptomatic and includes physical rehabilitation, special education, dental care, and ocular protection against self-induced corneal trauma that causes ulcers and, later, corneal opacification. The prognosis is correlated to the mental development, motor handicap, corneal–facial anesthesia, and visual problems. Follow-up on a large number of patients with CTD dysplasia has never been reported and experience is limited to few cases to date. High degree of suspicion in a child presenting with characteristic alopecia and RES has a great importance in diagnosis of this syndrome.

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The Psychologist-Educator Views the Relationship of Vision to Reading and Related Learning Disabilities

Journal of Learning Disabilities ◽

10.1177/002221948101401003 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 565-567 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jules C. Abrams

Keyword(s):

Learning Disabilities ◽

Visual Field ◽

Visual Perception ◽

Learning Disability ◽

Visual Defects ◽

Considerable Controversy ◽

Visual Problems ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The role of visual problems in learning disability has been a source of considerable controversy for many years. One major issue in the continuing argument is the frequent confusion of labels and concepts in the visual field. It is important to view vision as a psychophysiologic mechanism and to differentiate it from a mechanistic orientation emphasizing the eyes. Most visual problems related to learning disability represent a breakdown in the ability of the eyes to function in an harmonious fashion, that is, some interference in binocular function. While visual defects should not be confused with defects in visual perception, the identification and treatment of visual problems is an important element in the diagnosis and remediation of learning disabilities.

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Contributions of PCSS, CISS, and VOMS for Identifying Vestibular/Ocular Motor Deficits in Pediatric Concussions

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/1941738121994116 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194173812199411

Author(s):

Rishi D. Patel ◽

Cynthia R. LaBella

Keyword(s):

Sports Medicine ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Motor Dysfunction ◽

Motor Deficits ◽

Ocular Motor ◽

Symptom Scale ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Visual Problems ◽

Clinical Tools

Background: Vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction can occur in pediatric concussions, which can impair reading, learning, and participation in athletics. This study evaluated 3 clinical tools for identifying postconcussion vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction: (1) Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), (2) Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS), and (3) Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS). Hypothesis: Evaluating vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction with multiple clinical tools will capture more symptomatic patients than any 1 tool alone. Study Design: Cross-sectional data from a prospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Patients were between 8 and 17 years old and seen in a tertiary care pediatric sports medicine clinic between August 2014 and February 2018. Data were collected from initial visit and included VOMS, PCSS, and CISS. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlations, and logistic regressions were used to describe relationships between clinical tools. Results: Of the 156 patients (55.1% female; 14.35 ± 2.26 years old) included, this study identified 129 (82.7%) with vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction. Of these 129, 65 (50.4%) reported “visual problems” on PCSS, 93 (72.1%) had abnormal CISS, and 99 (76.7%) had abnormal VOMS. Together, VOMS and CISS identified 64 (49.6%) patients without reported “visual problems” on PCSS. Higher total PCSS scores predicted abnormal CISS (odds ratio [OR], = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.17) and abnormal VOMS (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06). “Visual problems” on PCSS did not predict abnormal CISS or VOMS. Conclusions: Vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction were identified in nearly 83% of study subjects when PCSS, CISS, and VOMS are used together. Clinical Relevance: These results suggest adding CISS and VOMS to the clinical evaluation of concussions can help clinicians identify post-concussion vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction.

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Traumatic brain injury and sight loss in military and veteran populations– a review

Military Medical Research ◽

10.1186/s40779-021-00334-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Syeda F. Hussain ◽

Zara Raza ◽

Andrew T. G. Cash ◽

Thomas Zampieri ◽

Robert A. Mazzoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Vision System ◽

Combat Exposure ◽

Sight Loss ◽

Visual Problems ◽

Explosive Devices ◽

Subsequent Rise ◽

Visual Disturbances

AbstractWar and combat exposure pose great risks to the vision system. More recently, vision related deficiencies and impairments have become common with the increased use of powerful explosive devices and the subsequent rise in incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Studies have looked at the effects of injury severity, aetiology of injury and the stage at which visual problems become apparent. There was little discrepancy found between the frequencies or types of visual dysfunctions across blast and non-blast related groups, however complete sight loss appeared to occur only in those who had a blast-related injury. Generally, the more severe the injury, the greater the likelihood of specific visual disturbances occurring, and a study found total sight loss to only occur in cases with greater severity. Diagnosis of mild TBI (mTBI) is challenging. Being able to identify a potential TBI via visual symptoms may offer a new avenue for diagnosis.

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Health and Wellness Issues for Adult Band Musicians

Medical Problems of Performing Artists ◽

10.21091/mppa.2008.2011 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 54-58

Author(s):

Debbie Rohwer

Keyword(s):

Joint Pain ◽

Important Variable ◽

Finger Joint ◽

Health And Wellness ◽

Brass Players ◽

Percussion Instruments ◽

Health Studies ◽

Visual Problems ◽

Reading Music ◽

Bifocal Lenses

Because issues involved with playing an instrument may be complicated by the aging process, age may be an important variable to investigate in health studies. The current study examined the perceived health challenges of a group of adult instrumental musicians and possible accommodations for these challenges. Participants included 83 adult white musicians, aged 47 to 91 yrs, 52 females and 31 males, who were attending a national summer senior band camp. Fifty-two played woodwind and 31 brass or percussion instruments. The participants were given a questionnaire asking about (1) the degree of trouble with vision, hearing, finger/hand, arm/neck, back/leg, and other physical ailments while playing their instrument; (2) whether any pain experienced was greater when playing music than in everyday life; and (3) accommodations they may have found for any physical troubles they experienced. Visual problems when reading music were noted as the participants' greatest challenge, followed by finger/joint pain, hearing speech, and hand pain. Visual problems when reading music were a top concern across all instrument subgroups, followed by finger/joint pain for woodwind players, hearing speech for brass players, and both hand and finger/ joint pain for percussionists. Accommodations for vision problems most commonly included placing the lens line higher on bifocal lenses so that both the conductor and music could be seen. Accommodations for ailments centered around two general issues: things a musician could buy (e.g., ear plugs, instrument rests, cushions) or things they could do to avoid pain (e.g., education, stretching).

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Elucidating the Potential Side Effects of Current Anti- Seizure Drugs for Epilepsy

Current Neuropharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570159x19666210826125341 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Enes Akyüz ◽

Mohd. Farooq Shaikh ◽

Betül Köklü ◽

Cansu Ozenen ◽

Alina Arulsamy

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Side Effects ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Side Effect ◽

First Line ◽

Epileptic Patients ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Visual Problems ◽

Gaba Transmission

: Over the decades, various interventions have been developed and utilized to treat epilepsy. However, majority of epileptic patients are often first prescribed with anti-epileptic drugs (AED), now known as anti-seizure drugs (ASD), as a first line of defense to suppress their seizures and regain their quality of life. ASDs exert their anti-convulsant effects through various mechanisms of action including regulation of ion channels, blocking of glutamate-mediated stimulating neurotransmitter interaction, and enhancing the inhibitory GABA transmission. About one third of epileptic patients are often resistant to anti-convulsant drugs, while others develop numerous side effects which may lead to treatment discontinuation and further deterioration of quality of life. Common side effects of ASDs include headache, nausea and dizziness. However, more adverse effects such as auditory and visual problems, skin problems, liver dysfunction, pancreatitis and kidney disorders may also be witnessed. Some ASDs may even result in life-threatening conditions as well as serious abnormalities, especially in patients with comorbidities and in pregnant women. Nevertheless, some clinicians had observed a reduction in the development of side effects post individualized ASD treatment. This suggest that a careful and well-informed ASD recommendation to patients may be crucial for an effective and side-effect free control of their seizures. Therefore, this review aimed to elucidate the anticonvulsant effects of ASDs as well as their side effect profile, by discussing their mechanism of action and reported adverse effects based on clinical and preclinical studies, thereby providing clinicians with a greater understanding of the safety of current ASDs.

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Visual Problems Associated with Motor Vehicle Driving at Dusk*

Clinical and Experimental Optometry ◽

10.1111/j.1444-0938.1964.tb04143.x ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

MERRILL J. ALLEN ◽

JOHN H. CARTER

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Visual Problems ◽

Motor Vehicle Driving

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Vision status of children aged 7 - 15 years referred from school vision screening in Norway during 2003 - 2013: a retrospective study

10.21203/rs.2.225/v5 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Helle K Falkenberg ◽

Trine Langaas ◽

Ellen Svarverud

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Study Patient ◽

Teaching Staff ◽

Published Data ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Vision Screening ◽

Care Services ◽

Visual Problems ◽

Eye Clinic

Abstract Background: Undetected vision problems is an important cause of reduced academic achievement, performance in everyday life and self-esteem. This receives little attention in national health care services in Norway even though most of these vision problems are easily correctable. There are no published data on how many Norwegian schoolchildren are affected by correctable vision problems. This study aims to determine the vision status in primary and secondary schoolchildren referred from vision screening during the 10 year period of 2003 -2013. Methods: Of the 1126 children (15%) aged 7 - 15 years referred to the university eye clinic by the school screening program, all 782 who attended the eye clinic were included in the study. Patient records were retrospectively reviewed with regard to symptoms, refractive error, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of logMAR, binocular vision, ocular health and management outcomes. Results: Previously undetected vision problems were confirmed in 650 (83%) of the children. The most frequent outcomes were glasses (346) or follow-up (209), but types of treatment modalities varied with age. Mean refractive errors were hyperopic for all age groups but reduced with age (ANOVA, p < 0.001). Overall, 51% were hyperopic, 32% emmetropic and 17% myopic. Refractive errors did not change across the decade (linear regression, all p > 0.05). Mean logMAR BCVAs were better than 0.0 and improved with age (ANOVA, p < 0.001). The most prevalent symptoms were headaches (171), near vision problems (149) and reduced distance vision (107). Conclusions: The vision screening identified children with previously undetected visual problems. This study shows that the types of visual problems varied with age and that most problems could be solved with glasses. Our results stress the importance of regular eye examinations and that vision examinations should be included in primary health care services. Furthermore, there is a need for raised awareness among parents and teaching staff regarding vision problems in children.

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