Models of Disease in Ayurvedic Medicine

2016 ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Dominik Wujastyk
Keyword(s):  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Models Of Disease

Targeting AMPK in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications: Energy Homeostasis, Autophagy and Mitochondrial Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 5207-5229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.V. Madhavi ◽  
Nikhil Gaikwad ◽  
Veera Ganesh Yerra ◽  
Anil Kumar Kalvala ◽  
Srinivas Nanduri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Living System ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Energy Sensing ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
Models Of Disease

Adenosine 5′-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key enzymatic protein involved in linking the energy sensing to the metabolic manipulation. It is a serine/threonine kinase activated by several upstream kinases. AMPK is a heterotrimeric protein complex regulated by AMP, ADP, and ATP allosterically. AMPK is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues of the living system such as heart, kidney, liver, brain and skeletal muscles. Thus malfunctioning of AMPK is expected to harbor several human pathologies especially diseases associated with metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction. AMPK activators including synthetic derivatives and several natural products that have been found to show therapeutic relief in several animal models of disease. AMP, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICA riboside) and A769662 are important activators of AMPK which have potential therapeutic importance in diabetes and diabetic complications. AMPK modulation has shown beneficial effects against diabetes, cardiovascular complications and diabetic neuropathy. The major impact of AMPK modulation ensures healthy functioning of mitochondria and energy homeostasis in addition to maintaining a strict check on inflammatory processes, autophagy and apoptosis. Structural studies on AMP and AICAR suggest that the free amino group is imperative for AMPK stimulation. A769662, a non-nucleoside thienopyridone compound which resulted from the lead optimization studies on A-592107 and several other related compound is reported to exhibit a promising effect on diabetes and its complications through activation of AMPK. Subsequent to the discovery of A769662, several thienopyridones, hydroxybiphenyls pyrrolopyridones have been reported as AMPK modulators. The review will explore the structure-function relationships of these analogues and the prospect of targeting AMPK in diabetes and diabetic complications.

Potential for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases with Natural Products or Synthetic Compounds that Stabilize Microtubules

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (35) ◽  
pp. 4362-4372
Author(s):  
John H. Miller ◽  
Viswanath Das
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Models Of Disease

No effective therapeutics to treat neurodegenerative diseases exist, despite significant attempts to find drugs that can reduce or rescue the debilitating symptoms of tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Pick’s disease. A number of in vitro and in vivo models exist for studying neurodegenerative diseases, including cell models employing induced-pluripotent stem cells, cerebral organoids, and animal models of disease. Recent research has focused on microtubulestabilizing agents, either natural products or synthetic compounds that can prevent the axonal destruction caused by tau protein pathologies. Although promising results have come from animal model studies using brainpenetrant natural product microtubule-stabilizing agents, such as paclitaxel analogs that can access the brain, epothilones B and D, and other synthetic compounds such as davunetide or the triazolopyrimidines, early clinical trials in humans have been disappointing. This review aims to summarize the research that has been carried out in this area and discuss the potential for the future development of an effective microtubule stabilizing drug to treat neurodegenerative disease.

Stem Cells as In Vitro Models of Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Ruiz-Lozano ◽  
Prithi Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Models Of Disease

Management of Prameha with Mustadi Kwatha - A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Akshay H. Malshikare ◽  
Dr. Sharada Chikurte
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes

Diabetes is a major health problem in whole world. In spite of many drugs available, uncontrolled diabetes remains a challenge. Moreover, some anti-diabetic drugs are on the verge of withdrawal due to its adverse effects. So, there is an acute need for a new effective and safe drug. So in this case study we used Ayurvedic medicine ‘Mustadi Kwatha’ mentioned in Bhaishajya Ratnawali in Prameha Chikitsa. A single case study was done on use of Mustadi Kwatha on Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Significant reduction was seen in blood sugar level fasting and post-prandial.

A Review on Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Tejas D. Thakur ◽  
Dr. R. G. Mane
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Herbal Medication ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge

Ayurveda the science of life, uses natural resources to fulfill the fundamental objectives i.e. Swasthya Rakshanam and Vyadhi Prashamanam. Ayurveda has been given the greatest emphasis to comprehensive knowledge of drugs. This science of manufacturing drugs is divided under two branches as Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana. Bhaishajya means medicine and Kalpana means forms. Hence Bhaishajya Kalpana means branch of Ayurvedic medicine which deals with preparation of medicines by the use of herbal drugs. Bhaishajya Kalpana includes Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana as Swarasa, Kalka, Kwatha, Hima and Phanta. Bhaishajya Kalpana also includes preparation of various forms of medicine such as Churna, Guti, Vati, Ghruta Paka, Tail Paka, Lepa, Asava, Arishta etc. Sneha Kalpana is a group of products of medicated Taila and Ghruta. Quality and quantity of lipid soluble extract of medicinal ingredients varies, as per methods, types of material and ratio of material with reference to Sneha Dravya. That is why various methods of Sneha Paka are described in classical texts of Ayurveda. Classically these formulations are having a longer shelf life in comparison to other Ayurvedic herbal medication form. It is only Kalpana which is used through all four modes of administration of such formulations i.e. Pana, Abhyanga, Nasaya and Basti. So to review all these methods at a glance is main aim of this article.

Integration of Ayurvedic Medicine in Public Health Delivery System at primary level for UHC - An Evidence Based Study.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayeesa Zainab ◽  
Karthika P. ◽  
Irfanahemad A. S. ◽  
Gulappa M.D.
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Health Delivery ◽  
Ayurvedic Drugs ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Health Delivery System ◽  
National Programs

Background: In developing country like India it is very difficult for people of low socio-economic status to get access to healthcare and in case they seek healthcare, cost of medicines becomes major reason for out of pocket expenditure, as all the medicines are not available in PHC. Objective: To collate Ayurvedic medicine with Allopathic medicine to provide choice of treatment to patient in view of UHC. Methods: A literature review on Ayurvedic drugs (single drug and formulations) was done after prioritizing the diseases for our study based on National programs and other frequently seen diseases in Primary healthcare (PHC). Evidence was collected in two ways, first by pure Ayurvedic evidence based on Samhitas and second was based on modern techniques and then tabulated. Results: Ayurvedic drug list for Primary Health Care was formulated based on available modern as well as Classical evidence and tabulated in the form of a table. Conclusion: Ayurvedic drugs can be integrated in PHC to provide universal health care at primary level.

Oil Pulling - A Blessing in Disguise

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka P. Selvam ◽  
Nandan N ◽  
Sinil Raj
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Proper Functioning

Oil pulling is an ancient Ayurvedic remedy for oral health and detoxification. It involves the use of pure oils as agents to cleanse out harmful bacteria, as well as reduce fungal overgrowth. Oil pulling may also increase saponification in the mouth, creating a soapy environment that cleanses the mouth as vegetable fat is an emulsifier by nature. Most interesting is perhaps the ability of oil to help in cellular restructuring, and are related to the proper functioning of the lymph nodes and other internal organs. Apart from the various available scientific advancements in the medical field, there are age old traditional practices in Ayurvedic medicine which have to be encouraged. Oil pulling, which only requires one to swish oil in the mouth is known to cure many oral and systemic ailments. Though oil pulling is effective, none of the studies considered it as a replacement for the tooth brushing, but can definitely be a supplemental oral hygiene aid. This paper aims at throwing light on the various health benefits of this bygone practice.

Toxicity Study of Swarna Bhasma, an Ayurvedic Medicine Containing Gold, in Wistar Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Shrirang Jamadagni ◽  
Shrirang B. Jamadagni ◽  
Arjun Singh ◽  
Rajendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Sachchidanand N. Upadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine

scholarly journals Contextualizing genetic risk score for disease screening and rare variant discovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhou ◽  
Dongmei Yu ◽  
Jeremiah M. Scharf ◽  
Carol A. Mathews ◽  
Lauren McGrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Variant Discovery ◽  
Models Of Disease ◽  
The Uk

AbstractStudies of the genetic basis of complex traits have demonstrated a substantial role for common, small-effect variant polygenic burden (PB) as well as large-effect variants (LEV, primarily rare). We identify sufficient conditions in which GWAS-derived PB may be used for well-powered rare pathogenic variant discovery or as a sample prioritization tool for whole-genome or exome sequencing. Through extensive simulations of genetic architectures and generative models of disease liability with parameters informed by empirical data, we quantify the power to detect, among cases, a lower PB in LEV carriers than in non-carriers. Furthermore, we uncover clinically useful conditions wherein the risk derived from the PB is comparable to the LEV-derived risk. The resulting summary-statistics-based methodology (with publicly available software, PB-LEV-SCAN) makes predictions on PB-based LEV screening for 36 complex traits, which we confirm in several disease datasets with available LEV information in the UK Biobank, with important implications on clinical decision-making.

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