The Poor, Hospitals and Charity in Sixteenth-century Canterbury *

2017 ◽  
pp. 58-74
Author(s):  
Sheila Sweetinburgh
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Poor

Broken Promises and the Rise of a Stereotype

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Political History ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Balance Of Trade

Projects began to emerge during the sixteenth century en masse by promising to relieve the poor, improve the balance of trade, raise money for the Crown, and thereby push England’s imperial ambitions abroad. Yet such promises were often too good to be true. This chapter explores how the ‘reformation of abuses’—a fateful slogan associated with England’s break from Rome—came to be used widely in economic contexts, and undermined promised public service under Elizabeth and the early Stuarts. The negative image of the projector soon emerged in response, reaching both upper and lower echelons of society. The chapter reconstructs the social circulation of distrust under Charles, and considers its repercussions. To do this it brings conceptual tools developed in social psychology and sociology to bear upon sources conventionally studied in literary and political history.

Syphilis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
New Name ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tit For Tat

By exploring the wide range of names given to the ‘new’ sexually transmitted disease—the Great Pox—this chapter dispels notions held for two centuries or more. Instead, no tit-for-tat-naming war among nations accused of carrying the disease ensued. The ‘French disease’ alone became standard in medical texts, but not among commoners and not after the late sixteenth century for physicians. The chapter challenges a second truism of the historiography: that naming meant blaming. Although the disease was named after the French, no laws or pogroms ensued against them or any other ‘other’. However, physicians increasingly identified humans as the essential carriers of this new disease and became concerned with tracking human contacts. By the end of the sixteenth century, medical texts had renamed it the territorially neutral lues venerea. Coincidently, with the rise of this new name, blame placed on women, the poor, and victims of the disease increased.

Mechanisms for Unity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Church

This chapter investigates changes in mentalities after the Black Death, comparing practices never before analysed in this context—funerary and labour laws and processions to calm God’s anger. While processions were rare or conflictual as in Catania and Messina in 1348, these rituals during later plagues bound communities together in the face of disaster. The chapter then turns to another trend yet to be noticed by historians. Among the multitude of saints and blessed ones canonized from 1348 to the eighteenth century, the Church was deeply reluctant to honour, even name, any of the thousands who sacrificed their lives to succour plague victims, physically or spiritually, especially in 1348: the Church recognized no Black Death martyrs. By the sixteenth century, however, city-wide processions and other communal rituals bound communities together with charity for the poor, works of art, and charitable displays of thanksgiving to long-dead holy men and women.

RECONSTRUCTING THE POOR IN EARLY SIXTEENTH-CENTURY TOULOUSE

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA BECKERMAN DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Poor

Travelling the borderline

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel S. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Poor ◽  
School Of Salamanca ◽  
The Law ◽  
Francisco De Vitoria

This chapter looks at Francisco de Vitoria and his Dominican colleagues at the Spanish School of Salamanca in the middle of the sixteenth century. They are famous for their reconstitution and redeployment of Thomas Aquinas's theory of natural law to address the new problems of the sixteenth century, problems that beset Spain along with the rest of Europe: the power of the crown both within its own commonwealth and in relation to other commonwealths, and these powers both within Europe and overseas. For the School's most celebrated member, Francisco de Vitoria, natural law is the law of reason by which all human beings are naturally governed—the law of humanity as such—and, for him as for Aquinas, it ultimately determines the legitimacy of any subsequent human institutions and laws. The chapter also considers Domingo de Soto's The deliberation in the cause of the poor, which was published in 1545.

Negligence, greed and the operation of English charities, 1350–1603

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARJORIE K. MCINTOSH
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Poor Laws ◽  
Effective Functioning ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Charitable Activities

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the problems that hampered the effective functioning of charitable activities for the English poor during the later medieval years and sixteenth century and examines how the Poor Laws of 1598 and 1601 addressed those issues. It considers four types of challenges stemming from individual negligence or greed as well as the systemic legal obstacles that underlay them. The solutions provided by the Elizabethan Poor Laws placed charitable projects on a more solid legal and administrative footing, facilitating their expansion in the following centuries.

scholarly journals The sixteenth-century altar painting of the Cattaran (Kotor) fraternity of leather-makers

Balcanica ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Valentina Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Religious Policy ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Santa Croce

The altar painting that the Cattaran Fraternity of Leather-makers commissioned from the Venetian painter Girolamo da Santa Croce in the first half of the sixteenth century contains the images of Sts Bartholomew, George and Antoninus. The presence of the first two saints is looked at from the perspective of a long-established religious tradition, while the reasons for depicting the archbishop Antoninus giving alms to the poor appear to reside in the then prevailing religious policy and the local social situation.

From Concepts to Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-77
Author(s):  
Clive Emsley
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Criminal Offenders ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Unemployed

This chapter details how the changes resulting from the growth of royal power, from Enlightenment rationality, and then from the turmoil of the French Revolution and its wars led to significant developments in police as an institution. Yet this did not necessarily give them the key role in the pursuit of criminal offenders. During the late sixteenth century and the early seventeenth, the range of police tasks was not greatly dissimilar from that of the classical period. But during the Enlightenment, princes in much of Europe began to issue ordinances clearly defining the role of police as involving the general well-being of their territory. The men working at the top of the organization responsible for what was known as ‘police’ often had legal training and worked as much in the courts as elsewhere within their jurisdiction. Dealing with crime and criminals did not figure greatly in these ordinances; nevertheless, the ministers of Enlightenment princes tended to have views about offenders and tended to stigmatize as potential criminals both the unemployed and those members of the poor moving around the country acting as harvesters or looking for other forms of work.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Esther Chung-Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Community Formation ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Religious Ideals ◽  
Political Persuasion

Religious reformers in sixteenth-century Europe were integral to the development and implementation of poor relief programs. They effectively utilized theological justification through writings, sermons, and strategic political persuasion to gain support and funding for social welfare. The reformers’ unique positions as ecclesiastical authorities allowed them to connect care for the poor with one’s practice of devotion to God and religious ideals of generosity and compassion. The establishment of these reforms emerged in the context of an expanding migration of religious refugees, who required relief but were at first poorly received by city residents. One of the key components of determining poor relief was the importance of community formation and the demarcations in the process of determining poor relief coverage. Ultimately, religious reformers served as a major driving force in the efforts toward poverty alleviation and community motivation in the care for the poor; and their efforts impacted the development of poor relief.

Policing the Poor: J. L. Vives and the Sixteenth-Century Origins of Modern Social Administration

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. M. Michielse ◽  
Robert van Krieken
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Poor
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