The Current Debate and Economic Rationale for U.S. Agricultural Policy

The reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) have selected instruments to protect continental crops, which are different from those used to support Mediterranean products. This fact has also led to different adjustment farming strategies. On the other hand, in areas where both types of products coexist, farmers are subject to conflicting instruments leading to contradictory economic rationale; this, in turn, poses an obstacle to pretended adjustment and modenisation processes. This paper approaches the analysis of the effects of the CAP reforms on some agricultural Andalusian systems which are endowed with both continental (mainly grains) and Mediterranean (mainly olives) products. Observed strategies seem to indicate that a large majority of farmers are inclined to consider decisional economic variables which tend to give priority to short term plans to maximize cash vis a vis the long run approach which seeks to remunerate all productive factors. Some indicators related to competitiveness are defined to quantify the above mentioned strategies. Using the results obtained for 1.998 some sensitivity tests are applied to Andalusian agricultural systems, referred above, during the period of the Agenda 2000; i.e. from 2000 to 2006.

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Suicidal Ideation and Self-Determination in Institutionalized Elderly

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.22.1.15 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 15-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Andrée Fortin ◽

Sylvie Lapierre ◽

Jacques Baillargeon ◽

Réal Labelle ◽

Micheline Dubé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Determination ◽

Current Debate ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Rational Suicide ◽

Institutionalized Elderly ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Social Subscale ◽

Civil Status ◽

The Right ◽

Taking Action

The right to self-determination is central to the current debate on rational suicide in old age. The goal of this exploratory study was to assess the presence of self-determination in suicidal institutionalized elderly persons. Eleven elderly persons with serious suicidal ideations were matched according to age, sex, and civil status with 11 nonsuicidal persons. The results indicated that suicidal persons did not differ from nonsuicidal persons in level of self-determination. There was, however, a significant difference between groups on the social subscale. Suicidal elderly persons did not seem to take others into account when making a decision or taking action. The results are discussed from a suicide-prevention perspective.

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Markets for Purchased Farm Inputs

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2005-6-60-71 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 60-71

Author(s):

E. Serova ◽

O. Shick

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Policy ◽

Financial Constraints ◽

Information Sources ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Government Policies ◽

Market Institutions ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Government Organizations ◽

The Impact ◽

Farm Inputs

Russian policy makers argue that agriculture suffers from decapitalization due to financial constraints faced by producers. This view is the basis for the national agricultural policy, which emphasizes reimbursement of input costs and substitutes government and quasi-government organizations for missing market institutions. The article evaluates the availability of purchased farm inputs, the efficiency of their use, the main problems in the emergence of market institutions, and the impact of government policies. The analysis focuses on five groups of purchased inputs: farm machinery, fertilizers, fuel, seeds, and animal feed. The information sources include official statistics and data from two original surveys.

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Cherneha O. B., Chepurnova A. V. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF UKRAINE AND POLAND FOOD SECURITY LEVELS

TRADE AND MARKET OF UKRAINE ◽

10.33274/2079-4762-2019-46-2-9-17 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 9-17

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Rural Development ◽

Agricultural Policy ◽

Common Agricultural Policy ◽

Public Spending ◽

Development Program ◽

Rural Development Program ◽

Security Levels ◽

The Eu

Objective. The purpose of the article is to compare the levels and mechanisms of food security management in Ukraine and Poland, to identify the main factors influencing the processes of its formation and to determine the directions of increasing the level of Ukraine food security. Methods. The scientific results of the study were obtained using the following methods: theoretical generalization and comparison (for the study of meaningful aspects of the definition of «food security»), analysis and synthesis (for comparative analysis of Ukraine and Poland food security levels), abstract-logical method (for establishing the links between the level of economic development of countries and the levels of their food security and determining the directions of increasing the Ukraine level of food security). Results. On the basis of a comparative analysis of Ukraine and Poland food security levels, a significant gap in Ukraine’s provision of food security has been identified. Thus, with respect to all food security components identified by FAO, except for the «use» of sanitary and safe drinking water, Poland has reached far ahead of Ukraine. It has been found that for the period 2012–2018, the value of the Global Food Security Index for Ukraine decreased by 2.1 due to a decrease in the level of affordability and availability of food, while the Polish side increased its position on GFSI by 2.8 due to the increase in affordability and availability of food in the country. It has been found that the decisive influence on the level of food security in Poland, as well as high ranking in the ranking is carried out by the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the implementation of the Polish Rural Development Program and significant public spending on agriculture. It has been determined that the main directions for improving the level of food security of Ukraine should be: lifting the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land; financing the agri-food sector not only through public spending but also through EU programs; creation and implementation of the National Rural Development Program; full and unconditional implementation of Government programs on EU integration; adaptation to the EU Common Agricultural Policy standards.

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Catholicism and Cosmopolitanism: the Confluence of Three Catholic Scholars and the Cosmopolitan Democrats on State Sovereignty and the Future of Global Governance

De Ethica A Journal of Philosophical Theological and Applied Ethics ◽

10.3384/de-ethica.2001-8819.163237 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 37-51

Author(s):

Matthew Bagot

Keyword(s):

Global Governance ◽

State Sovereignty ◽

Current Debate ◽

Past Century ◽

Jacques Maritain ◽

The Past ◽

Technological Advances ◽

The Future ◽

Cosmopolitan Democracy ◽

Catholic Tradition

One of the central questions in international relations today is how we should conceive of state sovereignty. The notion of sovereignty—’supreme authority within a territory’, as Daniel Philpott defines it—emerged after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 as a result of which the late medieval crisis of pluralism was settled. But recent changes in the international order, such as technological advances that have spurred globalization and the emerging norm of the Responsibility to Protect, have cast the notion of sovereignty into an unclear light. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the current debate regarding sovereignty by exploring two schools of thought on the matter: first, three Catholic scholars from the past century—Luigi Sturzo, Jacques Maritain, and John Courtney Murray, S.J.—taken as representative of Catholic tradition; second, a number of contemporary political theorists of cosmopolitan democracy. The paper argues that there is a confluence between the Catholic thinkers and the cosmopolitan democrats regarding their understanding of state sovereignty and that, taken together, the two schools have much to contribute not only to our current understanding of sovereignty, but also to the future of global governance.

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On the Future of the Financial Redistribution across Member States in the EU

Acta Oeconomica ◽

10.1556/aoecon.56.2006.1.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 1-43

Author(s):

Sándor Richter

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

The Other ◽

Current Debate ◽

Member States ◽

New Member States ◽

Financial Position ◽

Cross Member ◽

Expenditure Structure ◽

The Eu ◽

Made In

The order and modalities of cross-member state redistribution as well as the net financial position of the member states are one of the most widely discussed aspects of European integration. The paper addresses selected issues in the current debate on the EU budget for the period 2007 to 2013 and introduces four scenarios. The first is identical to the European Commission's proposal; the second is based on reducing the budget to 1% of the EU's GNI, as proposed by the six net-payer countries, while maintaining the expenditure structure of the Commission's proposal. The next two scenarios represent radical reforms: one of them also features a '1% EU GNI'; however, the expenditures for providing 'EU-wide value-added' are left unchanged and it is envisaged that the requisite cuts will be made in the expenditures earmarked for cohesion. The other reform scenario is different from the former one in that the cohesion-related expenditures are left unchanged and the expenditures for providing 'EU-wide value-added' are reduced. After the comparison of the various scenarios, the allocation of transfers to the new member states in terms of the conditions prevailing in the different scenarios is analysed.

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