Proteomics: Concepts and applications in human medicine

Opioid-free anaesthesia is currently becoming more popular in human medicine, as it provides multimodal analgesia, affecting multiple nociceptive pathways without the use of opioids, in order to minimise opioid-related side effects. This article presents the cases of five dogs undergoing surgical correction of abnormalities associated with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, all of whom received opioid-free anaesthesia for surgery. All dogs received a bilateral maxillary nerve block with bupivacaine 0.5% and a combination of non-opioid analgesic drugs. Buprenorphine was allowed during the postoperative period, based on pain assessment. Three out of five dogs received buprenorphine 6–7 hours after the nerve block was performed. Opioid-free anaesthesia provided adequate conditions for surgery and no adverse effects were reported. Prospective controlled studies comparing opioid-free anaesthesia with opioid-based techniques are required to elucidate whether or not opioid-free anaesthesia confers objective advantages.

Download Full-text

A Review of the Effects and Production of Spore-Forming Probiotics for Poultry

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11071941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1941

Author(s):

Igor V. Popov ◽

Ammar Algburi ◽

Evgeniya V. Prazdnova ◽

Maria S. Mazanko ◽

Vladimir Elisashvili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

One Health ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Human Medicine ◽

Poultry Industry ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Wide Range ◽

Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽

Spore Forming Bacteria ◽

Unique Ability

One of the main problems in the poultry industry is the search for a viable replacement for antibiotic growth promoters. This issue requires a “one health” approach because the uncontrolled use of antibiotics in poultry can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance, which is a concern not only in animals, but for humans as well. One of the promising ways to overcome this challenge is found in probiotics due to their wide range of features and mechanisms of action for health promotion. Moreover, spore-forming probiotics are suitable for use in the poultry industry because of their unique ability, encapsulation, granting them protection from the harshest conditions and resulting in improved availability for hosts’ organisms. This review summarizes the information on gastrointestinal tract microbiota of poultry and their interaction with commensal and probiotic spore-forming bacteria. One of the most important topics of this review is the absence of uniformity in spore-forming probiotic trials in poultry. In our opinion, this problem can be solved by the creation of standards and checklists for these kinds of trials such as those used for pre-clinical and clinical trials in human medicine. Last but not least, this review covers problems and challenges related to spore-forming probiotic manufacturing.

Download Full-text

Association between antimicrobial usage and resistance in Salmonella from poultry farms in Nigeria

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02938-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril ◽

Iruka N. Okeke ◽

Anders Dalsgaard ◽

John Elmerdahl Olsen

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Global Health ◽

Human Medicine ◽

Antimicrobial Use ◽

Resistance Development ◽

Use Patterns ◽

Antimicrobial Usage ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Reduction Strategies

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat affecting treatment outcome in animals and humans. A pre-requisite for development of AMR reduction strategies is knowledge of antimicrobial use patterns, and how these affect resistance development. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial usage (AMU) and whether such usage was associated with AMR in Salmonella from poultry farms in Northwest Nigeria. Results Fifteen (37%) of antimicrobial products observed contained compounds that are of highest priority and critically important for human medicine. Broilers chicken consumed higher (28 ± 14 mg/kg active ingredients) amounts of antimicrobials compared to layers (13 ± 8 mg/kg) per week (p = 0.0009). Surprisingly, chickens raised under backyard system consumed higher amounts of antimicrobials (34 ± 7 mg/kg) than poultry in other systems (p = 0.02). High levels of resistance to tetracycline (58%), sulphonamides (65%), ciprofloxacin (46%) and gentamicin (42%) correlated with high farm level usage of these antimicrobials, and there was a strong correlation (r = 0.9) between farm usage and resistance of isolates to the same antimicrobials (p = 0.03). Conclusion High AMU, including use of highest priority critically important antimicrobials was observed at poultry farms in Northwest Nigeria. AMU correlated with high levels of resistance. Communication of prudent use of antimicrobials to farmers and regulation to obtain reduction in AMU should be a priority.

Download Full-text

World Health Organization Ranking of Antimicrobials According to Their Importance in Human Medicine: A Critical Step for Developing Risk Management Strategies to Control Antimicrobial Resistance From Food Animal Production

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciw475 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (8) ◽

pp. 1087-1093 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Peter C. Collignon ◽

John M. Conly ◽

Antoine Andremont ◽

Scott A. McEwen ◽

Awa Aidara-Kane

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Human Medicine ◽

World Health ◽

Critical Step ◽

Food Animal ◽

Risk Management Strategies ◽

Health Organization

Download Full-text

Recent Advances of Actinomycetes

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11020134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Eung-Soo Kim

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Human Medicine ◽

The Past ◽

Recent Advances

The discovery and development of actinomycete secondary metabolites (ASMs) have played pivotal roles in the fields of human medicine and its related biotechnology sectors over the past several decades [...]

Download Full-text

Gliomatosis Cerebri in Six Dogs

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.40-1-97 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 97-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

B. Porter ◽

A. DeLahunta ◽

B. Summers

Keyword(s):

Cranial Nerve ◽

Gliomatosis Cerebri ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Human Medicine ◽

Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein ◽

Neoplastic Cells ◽

Diffuse Infiltration ◽

Acid Protein ◽

Pathologic Features ◽

The Brain

Gliomatosis cerebri is a well-recognized entity in human medicine characterized by unusually widespread infiltration of the neuraxis by neoplastic glial cells with relative preservation of brain architecture. This report describes the pathologic features of the disease in six dogs. The dogs ranged from 3 to 9 years of age (mean 6.1 years) without evidence of breed predilection; five of the six dogs were neutered or intact males. The clinical findings were mixed (including depression, circling, cranial nerve deficits), reflecting the diffuse nature of the disease. Histologically, there was remarkably diffuse infiltration of the white and gray matter of the brain by small numbers of elongated neoplastic cells. Areas of greater cellularity formed grossly visible lesions in four cases. Anisocytosis and pleomorphism were greater in areas of higher cellularity. Other features of tumor growth included subpial accumulation, neuronal satellitosis, perivascular cuffing, and tropism for cranial nerve and brain stem nuclei. Neoplastic cells were negative on immunohistochemical stains for glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and leukocyte markers, reflecting the uncertain histogenesis of these unusual neoplasms.

Download Full-text

FOALS ARE GETTING HELP

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.84.4.a96 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. A96-A96

Author(s):

J. F. L.

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Birth Defects ◽

Human Medicine ◽

University Of Pennsylvania ◽

Twin Brother ◽

Pennsylvania Hospital ◽

The University

KENNETT SQUARE, Pa.—Nearly as rare as the colt that grows up to be a racing champion is the birth of twin foals. Yet a tiny and brave filly and her weaker twin brother grow stronger every day here in an intensive care unit for newborn horses. Established in 1983 and directed . . . by Dr. Wendy E. Vaala, a . . . veterinarian, the University of Pennsylvania's intensive care unit for foals was built. . . . It is one of only seven such units in the country, and they have led to the development of a new specialty in veterinary medicine—equine neonatology. Recipes for formula fed to foals were borrowed from those used at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia. The intensive care unit uses ultrasound equipment, heart monitors and other devices commonly used in human neonatal medicine. Treatments for infections, poisoning, ulcers, birth defects, even difficult births were adopted from human medicine. . . . But there are no incubators. . . .The foals are too active.

Download Full-text