The Problem of Historical Specificity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey M. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Historical Specificity

Contemporary Principles of Heterodox Political Economy

2009 ◽  
pp. 38-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Mainstream Economics ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Historical Specificity ◽  
Scientific Results

In this analytical review the author describes the main trends in the modern heterodox political economy as an alternative to mainstream economics. Historical specificity as well as the contradictory and uneven character of economic development are examined in detail. The author also discusses problems of class, gender and ethnic discrimination and their influence on economic growth. It is shown that there are tendencies to convergence of different theoretical perspectives and schools, common themes, topics of research and conceptual apparatus are being formed. The forces of integration and differentiation help establish new ideas and receive interesting scientific results in such fields as development economics, macroeconomics and international economics.

Philosophy in Belarus: Historical Specificity – Modern Trends – National Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Anatoly A. Lazarevich
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
National Language ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
National Context ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
European Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Specificity ◽  
Cognitive Orientations

The article considers the formation and development of philosophy in Belarus in the context of historical conditions and modern opportunities. Discussing the national context of the philosophical process, the author reveals the four aspects of the phenomenon of “national philosophy.” Firstly, there are national institutional and disciplinary structures, which are responsible for an organized scientific, methodological, research and educational activity, which at the level of the nation-state is formalized by certain institutions, system of professional education, norms of professional ethos, standards of behavior within the community and in the wider social environment. Secondly, in the light of philosophical culture, national philosophy is interpreted as a set of value and cognitive orientations passed down from generation to generation. Thirdly, national philosophy can be viewed in the aspect of the tradition of studying the philosophical thought of the nation in the context of its historical development. Fourthly, national philosophy appears in the aspect of the philosophical foundations of the national idea and national-cultural identity. The author examines the main stages of the development of the Belarusian philosophical culture, it is shown that the features of this culture were formed under the condition of a complex combination of the worldview and values of Latin civilization, Christianity, modern European science, rationalism of social projects of the Enlightenment, ideological and worldview attitudes of Western Russian culture, formalized Soviet philosophical disciplines. The article reviews the circle of theoretical, ideological, and practical problems that the modern philosophical process in Belarus faces, the author emphasizes the unfading value of philosophical knowledge as a source of heuristic means for finding effective local answers to global problems of cultural and civilizational development. The author argues that there are two conditions that make national philosophy possible: this is, first of all, a connection with the history of thought in the area of national genesis and also the expression of thought in a national language.

A Populist Plutocracy

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenther Roth ◽  
Wolfgang Streeck
Keyword(s):  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
Historical Specificity

Weberian analysis requires a battery of types to identify the historical specificity of a case. However, no framework, however inclusive, can ever account for the fluidity of historical dynamics.

Czechoslovak Tariffs in the 1920s: An Example of Historical Specificity in Economic Policy

Slavic Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-543
Author(s):  
Oldřich Krpec ◽  
Vít Hloušek
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Historical Specificity ◽  
Rate Policy ◽  
Trade And Exchange

Czechoslovakia was the first industrialized economy to substantially increase tariffs after the First World War. At that time, Czechoslovakia was highly export-oriented, with a large trade surplus in industrial goods. We argue that the introduction of tariffs was a consequence of the ethnically heterogeneous structure of the economy. German capital controlled the highly export-oriented light and consumer goods industries; Czech capital dominated in industries that were far less export-oriented or even import-competing, such as machinery, transportation equipment, and electrical goods. Trade and exchange-rate policy preferences of both groups clearly differed; however, the policy decision-making process (at least until 1926) was completely controlled by Czechoslovaks and Czech capital, explicitly committed to a nationalist takeover of Czechoslovakia's economy. This is why it was possible to implement an exchange rate and trade policy that ran contrary to theoretical expectations based on the general (national aggregate) indicators of the national economy.

Symposium on Ellen Meiksins Wood's Empire of Capital: Editorial Introduction

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Paul Blackledge
Keyword(s):  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Editorial Introduction ◽  
Historical Specificity ◽  
New Imperialism

AbstractEllen Wood's study of the new imperialism represents the latest instance of her broader project of reconstituting a non-deterministic form of Marxism which is able both to explain the historical specificity of capitalism and to inform socialist political activity. This essay seeks to locate her analysis of imperialism both in the wider political context within which it was written and as an example of the fecundity of her re-interpretation of historical materialism. After outlining the main themes of Wood's 'political-Marxist' project, I move on to overview the thesis of her book Empire of Capital (2003) before finally pointing to the main themes of the ensuing debate.

scholarly journals Mulheres e florestas: um estudo sobre comunidades tradicionais no PE da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virginia (PESM-NSV), estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Women and Forests: a study of traditional communities (...)

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (42) ◽  
pp. 264-286
Author(s):  
Solange Terezinha de Lima Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Historical Specificity ◽  
Traditional Communities

O cenário paisagístico natural do PESM-NSV abarca áreas florestais de Mata Atlântica, em suas diferentes formações, além de mananciais e recursos hídricos a serem protegidos, sendo o PESM considerado área de Reserva da Biosfera. Já o cenário cultural abriga a paisagem construída e o patrimônio imaterial das comunidades tradicionais de caipiras*, apresentando historicidade específica quanto a sua origem e identidade, modo de vida, organização social e ocupação geográfica dos seus espaços e construção de suas territorialidades. O estudo foi delineado com base na gestão de recursos hídricos e florestais alinhadas aos preceitos da Agenda 21, no que tange à “Análise das relações estruturais entre relações de gênero, meio ambiente e desenvolvimento”. Em relação à construção do referencial teórico, nos baseamos na análise da multifuncionalidade e multidimensionalidade da paisagem. A mulher emerge não somente como mediadora, mas como sujeito proativo e proambiental, liderando mudanças sociais em suas comunidades, mediante a inserção socioeconômica destas populações nas atividades do PESM-NSV, propiciando a valoração da paisagem como herança, o resgate dos significados das identidades culturais e territoriais, do etnoconhecimento, através dos saberes e práticas tradicionais, no sentido de viabilizar o desenvolvimento territorial sustentável.Palavras-chave: Gestão de Recursos Hídricos e Florestais. Agenda 21. Educação Ecológica. Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. Comunidades Tradicionais. Gênero Feminino. ABSTRACTThe natural landscaped setting of PESM-NSV includes forest areas of the Atlantic Forest, in its different formations, besides spring water and water resources to be protected, being the PESM considered as an area of Biosphere Reserve. In the cultural setting it includes built landscape and intangible heritage of traditional communities of caipiras*, presenting historical specificity regarding their origin and identity, way of life, social organization and geographical occupation of their spaces and construction of their territoriality.  The study was designed based on the management of water and forest resources aligned with the principles of Agenda 21, regarding the "Analysis of the structural links between gender relations, environment and development". Regarding the construction of the theoretical framework, the basis were the analysis of multifunctional and multidimensional landscape. Therefore, in this landscape, the woman emerges not only as a mediator, but also as the proactive subject and pro-environment, leading social changes in their communities, through the socioeconomic insertions of those populations in these visitation activities of the PESM-NSV, and also in the recovery of cultural traditions, the rescue of the meanings of cultural and territorial’s identities, the ethno-knowledge through the traditional knowledge and practices, in order to enable sustainable territorial development.Keywords: Water Resources and Forests Management. Agenda 21. Ecological Education. Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. Traditional Communities. Female Gender.  

scholarly journals Remix videos and the mnemonic imagination: Emotional memories of late Soviet childhood

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudha Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Video Sharing ◽  
Emotional Memories ◽  
Emotional Work ◽  
Historical Specificity ◽  
Selection Of

This article analyses a selection of Russian digital remix videos that are put together to argue for a sympathetic and affectionate memory of childhood in the late Soviet period and then posted online. In their imaginative and deliberate structuring of images these videos are meant to evoke resonant nostalgic recollections among viewers. Three themes emerge in these videos to suggest that this phase of life in the late Soviet Union had positive attributes: sociality and healthy preoccupations, the endurance and accessibility of things, and the historical specificity (in other words, the Sovietness) of that experience. The videos, with the comments below, constitute an emotional memory site where nostalgia is the paramount mode, but it must enter into a dialogue with other competing emotions about the Soviet past in the mnemonic space of video-sharing platforms. As a result, the emotional work online of remembering childhood becomes contested and deeply political.

scholarly journals Foucault’s Empire of the Free

2017 ◽  
pp. 94-112
Author(s):  
Richard Alston
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Care Of The Self ◽  
Critical Position ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Historical Specificity ◽  
The Will ◽  
Self Knowledge

This essay argues that the engagement with Greece and Rome after The Will to Knowledge allowed Foucault to bring clarity to his conception of limited freedom in complex societies. The Classical fulfilled this function paradoxically by being jarringly different from and integral to the discourses of modern sexuality. Foucault’s engagement with the Classical in The Use of Pleasure and The Care of the Self continued his established method of uncovering the development of a discourse, or set of discourses, over time. He thereby demonstrated the historical specificity of understandings of sexuality and the self. It follows that if the ancient self was a historical construct, then the modern self must also be such. But Foucault’s Classical engagement leads him to an innovative position in which the disciplinary dynamics of ancient self-knowledge offer a practical philosophy. Foucault’s Greek philosophy could have effects through two related mechanisms: the care of the self through askesis (discipline) and the speaking of truth to power through parresia (free speech). Through the rigors of askesis, the self can be rendered an object of analysis and hence a critical position external to the self can be achieved. Externality allows the philosopher to exercise parresia since the constraints of society have been surpassed and consequently offers a prospect of agency and a measure of freedom. The second part of the essay questions the extent of that freedom by reading Foucault against Tacitus, particularly the Agricola and the mutinies episode in the Annales. These episodes show the limitations of parresia and how parresia is bound into the workings of imperial power (and not a position external to that power). In the Tacitean model, externality is a viable political stance (achieved by Agricola), but is problematic ethically. The essay concludes by contrasting Foucauldian and Tacitean models of historical change. 

Methodology of the research of the Transcarpathia Sovietization in 1944–1950

Rusin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 223-239
Author(s):  
V.V. Mishchanyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Historical Specificity ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Geographical Space

The article analyzes the modern methodology of the Transcarpathia Sovietization research in 1944–1950. Though there are individual (N. Makara, V. Mishchanyn) and collective monogrpahs (N. Makara, R. Ofitsinsky), it is too early to speak about a serious methodological base to present the causal links of this process. A better understanding of Sovietization in Transcarpathia requires studying the historical and geographical space. A contemporary researcher should go beyond the narrowed framework of the regional approach in the study of the Sovietization in Transcarpathia and compare its post-war transformations with those in Western Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic Republics, Central and Eastern Europe (A. Applebaum) using the methodology of comparative analysis. The epistemological approach employed by P.R. Magocsi can be used to study the historical specificity of the region with its multi-ethnicity, multiculturalism, multiconfessionality (S. Makarchuk). The Ukrainian emigration was rather critical of the post-war policy of the Soviet regime. In particular, V. Markus defines the entry of Transcarpathia into Soviet Ukraine as annexation. The Encyclopedia of Ukraine published in the 1950s and 1980s in Canada analyzes many aspects of Sovietization in the Ukrainian SSR. A contemporary researcher should clearly understand such concepts as “totalitarianism” (H. Arendt), “Sovietization”, “socialist version of modernization” (S. Gavrov), “transit”, “transformation”, etc. The article also points out some errors of scholars studying the problems of Sovietization in the region. Thus, the problem of Sovietization of Transcarpathia is still under development. Its multifaceted nature requires interdisciplinary approaches using the tools of history, economics, law, statistics, political science, social science, ethnology, and cultural studies.

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