scholarly journals Diversity of the geographical environment of national parks in Rwanda as centers of nature based tourism

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Alina Zajadacz ◽  
Josepha Uwamahoro
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Primary Materials

The purpose of the article is to present the geographical diversity of four national parks in Rwanda (Volcanoes National Park, Akagera National Park, Nyungwe National Park, Gishwati-Mukura National Park), as well as a diversified approach to the ways of sharing them as centers of nature-based tourism. The first part attempts to define nature-based tourism and to outline the characteristics of the geographical environment and the state of tourism development in Rwanda. The natural tourist values of national parks and ways of making them available for tourism were discussed on this background. The study used secondary materials (literature, reports, statistical data) as well as primary materials – results of the field inventory and interviews conducted with employees of the national parks during the geographical field seminar in Rwanda entitled Tourism and the functioning of protected natural areas in overpopulated conditions (January-February 2020). The knowledge and experience of the author who is a native resident of Rwanda was also important in collecting and interpreting data. The conclusions present a synthetic diversity of the geographical environment of Rwanda with regard to three main zones. In addition, the importance of the economic effects of nature-based tourism for many beneficiaries was emphasized: residents, entrepreneurs, the geographical environment of national parks, as well as the state economy. Recommended further research concerns the need to take up issues also in the field of community-based tourism, environmental awareness and attitude of society, and development opportunities for sustainable and responsible tourism in Rwanda. Zróżnicowanie środowiska geograficznego parków narodowych w Rwandzie jako centrów turystyki opartej na walorach przyrodniczych Zarys treści: Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie zróżnicowania środowiska geograficznego czterech parków narodowych w Rwandzie (Volcanoes National Park, Akagera National Park, Nyungwe National Park, Gishwati-Mukura National Park), a także zróżnicowanego podejścia do sposobów ich udostępniania, jako centów turystyki bazującej na walorach przyrodniczych (nature-based tourism). W pierwszej części podjęto próbę zdefiniowania nature-based tourism, oraz przedstawienia w zarysie stanu rozwoju turystyki w Rwandzie. Na tym tle zostały scharakteryzowane przyrodnicze walory turystyczne parków narodowych oraz sposoby ich udostępniania dla turystyki. W opracowaniu wykorzystano materiały wtórne (literaturę, raporty, dane statystyczne), jak również pierwotne – wyniki inwentaryzacji terenowej oraz wywiadów przeprowadzonych z pracownikami parków narodowych podczas geograficznego seminarium terenowego w Rwandzie pt. Turystyka a funkcjonowanie przyrodniczych obszarów chronionych w warunkach przeludnienia (styczeń-luty 2020). Istotne znaczenie w gromadzeniu i interpretacji danych ma również wiedza i doświadczenie autorki będącej rdzennym mieszkańcem Rwandy. W konkluzjach przedstawiono syntetyczne zróżnicowanie środowiska geograficznego Rwandy z uwzględnieniem trzech stref. Ponadto podkreślone zostały efekty ekonomiczne tej formy turystyki dla wielu beneficjentów: mieszkańców, przedsiębiorców, środowiska geograficznego parków narodowych, a także gospodarki państwa. Rekomendowane, dalsze badania powinny dotyczyć takiej problematyki, jak community-based tourism, świadomości i postaw ekologicznych społeczeństwa oraz możliwości rozwoju dla zrównoważonej i odpowiedzialnej turystyki w Rwandzie.

scholarly journals Potential economic effects of climate change on Finnish agriculture

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Kettunen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Fertilizing Effect

In the assessment of the economic effects of climate change, changes in returns and costs have to be taken into consideration. Changes in returns are mainly caused by changes in the yield level. Costs are determined by various factors. Harvesting conditions may improve as the temperatures are higher. However, an increasing need for disease and pest control results in higher costs. Various extensive studies have indicated that rising temperatures with the CO2 fertilizing effect increase the crop potential in Finland. From the economic point of view an increase in yield level is highly significant, because the increase in costs remains quite small, A 10% increase in the yield level raises the farm income by about 6%. Because agriculture is supported in many ways either directly or indirectly, the rise in income level may be offset by lowering the support. Consequently, farmers may not benefit from an increase in the yield level, but the benefit will go to the state economy. However, an increase in the yield level resulting from rising temperatures is advantageous to the national economy, regardless of whether the benefit goes to the farmers or to the state.

scholarly journals Mt Apo and other national parks in the Philippines

Oryx ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Conservation Programme ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Philippine Government

In 1984 international attention was focused on Mt Apo National Park in the Philippines when the IUCN declared it one of the world's most threatened protected natural areas. Human settlements had destroyed large areas of the park and in 1983 the Philippine Government reclassified over half of the park for agricultural development, although this was revoked in 1986. The author lived in the park while working on the Philippine Eagle Conservation Programme, witnessing the problems first-hand. He describes the park and the problems it faces, which he believes could be overcome.

PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURES IN PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ya. VAVILOVA ◽  
Ilina S. CHAKINA
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Ecological Tourism ◽  
Samarskaya Luka

The problems of protected natural areas is analyzed in this article. The reasons that hinder the ecological tourism development are marked. The authors pay special attention to the quality aspects of the architectural environment. The results of a comprehensive analysis of international experience of architectural design and beautification of public spaces set out on the examples of the national parks. The typological system of structuring a basic nomenclature of facilities which are necessary for scientific research and tourist services is proposed. The need for the diversification of the functional composition and composite solutions is demonstrated on the examples of the visitor centers. Some features of the development of infrastructure for ecotourism environment of the National Park «Samarskaya Luka» are considered.

The Importance of Adjusting for Trip Purpose in Regional Economic Analyses of Tourist Destinations

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Loomis ◽  
Lynne Caughlan
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Trip Purpose ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The Town

This paper investigates the empirical importance of distinguishing visitors and their expenditures by trip purpose when estimating the tourism effects of a national park on a local economy. Accounting for trip purpose is quite important when there are two or more nearby major attractions in the same geographical area. This applies to the author's case study of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks in the State of Wyoming, and also to other areas, such as the State of Utah's Bryce and Zion National Parks or amusement parks in the Orlando area in Florida. The authors illustrate the various types of survey questions and methods for correcting for trip purpose. In the case study, it would be quite misleading to attribute all spending by visitors to Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) in the town of Jackson, Wyoming, solely to GTNP because this would overstate employment actually attributable to the park by 3,455 jobs, or 22%. In turn, this overestimates the dependence of jobs in the Jackson economy on GTNP by 15%, incorrectly estimating it at 75% rather than the sounder figure of 60% of total jobs.

scholarly journals A Big Battle: The State vs. Indigenous People (Case Study in Jambi Province)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
M. Yusuf ◽  
Syafrial Syafrial
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
The State ◽  
Park Management ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Protection Area

The change in designation of Bukit Duabelas area into Bukit Duabelas National Park in Jambi province raises a conflict between the national park official who was ruling the zonation system in the national park and the Orang Rimba people who have lived there for many years. The decision of the protected area aims to preserve the life and culture of Orang Rimba. However, zoning rules in the field are interpreted as an effort to limit space and access to the forest resources for Orang Rimba who have traditionally utilized them. This research uses a case study approach to explore the dynamics of conflict on the protected area. The results of the study show that conflicts in national park management are very dynamic because of shifting disagreement about the protection area. The conflicts began with debates about the zoning system which led into the fight for access to the park resources which were contested over the concept of national parks and customary forests. This paper argues the battle over the national park was not only about contested natural resources but also was a fight for authority and power between the state and indigenous people over the concept of park management.

The State and Community-Based Projects of Environmental Conservation in Promoting Mountain Ecotourism in Lesotho

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-262
Author(s):  
Tšepiso Augustinus Rantšo ◽  
Khotso Ketsi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs

Lesotho is divided into four ecological zones, the Highlands, the Foot Hills, the Senqu River Valley, and the Lowlands. Many people in these geographic areas are faced with poverty, unemployment, and other social problems. As a result, they exploit the natural environment for making a living. To conserve the endangered natural species and promote mountain ecotourism, the Lesotho Government established national parks and nature reserves. These state-owned national parks followed a top-down approach where the locals were not involved in the decision-making. Thus, these were subjected to vandalism from communities in the adjacent areas. Some locals have established botanical gardens to conserve environmental resources, thus promoting mountain ecotourism. The state, NGOs, and private entrepreneurs support community-based projects of environmental conservation and mountain ecotourism. While some of the destinations have resulted in establishment of communication networks, many places in the Highlands remain inaccessible and thus negatively impact mountain ecotourism.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Management Effectiveness of German National Parks—Experiences, Results, Lessons Learned and Future Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7135
Author(s):  
Stefan Heiland ◽  
Anja May ◽  
Volker Scherfose
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Positive Effects

Since 2005 until today, experience has been gained in the preparation, implementation and impacts of the evaluation of the management effectiveness of German national parks. This process began with the development of a quality set containing fields of action, criteria, standards and a questionnaire to assess the state of national park management. This quality set was applied in the first voluntary full evaluation of German national parks, which took place from 2009 to 2012. An assessment of the full evaluation and the following interim evaluation (2015–2018) demonstrated the positive effects of the evaluation for the national parks, but also revealed some weaknesses of the quality set and the evaluation process. For this reason, work has been underway since 2019 to further improve the evaluation method; however, this has not yet been completed. The article provides an overview of the entire process. It concludes with considerations on the transferability of the evaluation method to other countries and gives some recommendations as to the most important aspects to be considered when evaluating the management effectiveness of national parks.

scholarly journals Contribution of Community Based Organizations in the conservation of Volcanoes National Park. “Case study of SACOLA in Nyange and Kinigi Sectors, Musanze District, Rwanda.”

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
EUGENE UWIMANA
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
National Park ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level

The Community Based Organizations play an important role in the conservation of protected areas. However, they are still at the early stage in Rwanda and require scientific researches to assess their contribution towards National parks conservation. This study was conducted through four cooperatives (Turate ubuhinzi, Ingenzi Kinigi, ANICO, and Muhisimbi) with the sample size of 72 respondents. The data was collected using questionnaires for four months (from July to October 2011) and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 16.0. The study was aimed at assessing the contribution of community based organizations to the conservation of Volcanoes National Park, focusing on SACOLA activities in Nyange and Kinigi Sectors, Musanze District. The results indicated that people in the study area conduct many activities but crop production is conducted at 100%. Concerning the activities of SACOLA, the results show that 81.9% of population have already benefited from employment (buffalo wall construction and maintenance, guides in community tourism, porters, etc.). The output from Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test showed that 55% have decreased their frequencies to go into the park. The same test shows that (11%) respondents have increased their frequencies to enter the park. The study showed also that 33% did not change their attitude towards the use of VNP resources. Referring to the statistical analysis at (p=.000), there is a significance statistical difference between the frequency of going into the park before and after SACOLA activities. There was also an association (P=0.026, Pearson Chi-Square) between satisfaction with SACOLA activities and the probability of going into the park.  From these results, the population is that they are beneficiaries of SACOLA at 100% and they are informed about its activities, and 65.3% recognized to be satisfied at a very high level, while 19.4% of respondents mentioned not to be satisfied. Finally, the results show an improvement in conserving Volcanoes National Park since the creation of SACOLA in 2004, and conclude that the contribution of Community Based Organizations is positive and recommend that more effort is needed to maximize the community involvement and also recommend further researches in the same field.EW

TEBERDINSKY STATE NATURAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE ON STEEP “BENDINGS” ON SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL FORMATIONS (EXPERIENCE AND UNCERTAIN PERSPECTIVE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. ONISCHENKO ◽  
◽  
N.S. DEGA ◽  
A.V. LYSENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

During the 85-year period, Teberdinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve (TSNBR) has undergone numerous geopolitical, socio-economic and institutional changes aligning with the strategy of preservation and research of the natural territorial complex in a state of geo-ecological. Overcoming unexpected “bends” of historical, socio-economic events, adapting to regional conditions of geographical environment, the reserve has been for ming its scientific research and conservational potential. It has been developing its geographical-ecological style of work, managing to retain the leading positions in conservational geopolitics. Overcoming the unexpected "bends" of historical events and adapting in regional conditions of the geographical environment, the reserve formed its research and environmental potential, developed an environmental-geographical style of development at the forefront of regional geopolitics. Today the history of TSNBR survival and development is a remarkable example of invalid prohibitive conception and an unsuccessful experience of are serve integration into traditional recreational natural management. In August 2018, with implicit consent of legislative and executive bodies of Russia, without necessary discussions, the Federal law from 3rd August 2018 № 321-ФЗ was issued, in which the article 9 states: “Transform Teberdinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve… into national park”. In vague interpretation of Federal law on Special Protected Natural Areas further fate of conservation area remains highly inenarrable.

scholarly journals A Study of Backcountry use within Yellowstone National Park

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
Clynn Phillips ◽  
John Eastwood ◽  
Lyman McDonald
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
The State ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Park Use ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wilderness Areas

Records of backcountry use in Yellowstone National Park indicate that use increased from 16,767 backcountry camper nights in 1971 to 33,297 backcountry camper nights in 1974, a doubling in three years (1). A similar increase was recorded in Grand Teton National Park. Use of wilderness areas in the state by backpackers has increased also, but not at the rate of increase that applies to the two National Parks.

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