TEBERDINSKY STATE NATURAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE ON STEEP “BENDINGS” ON SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL FORMATIONS (EXPERIENCE AND UNCERTAIN PERSPECTIVE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. ONISCHENKO ◽  
◽  
N.S. DEGA ◽  
A.V. LYSENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

During the 85-year period, Teberdinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve (TSNBR) has undergone numerous geopolitical, socio-economic and institutional changes aligning with the strategy of preservation and research of the natural territorial complex in a state of geo-ecological. Overcoming unexpected “bends” of historical, socio-economic events, adapting to regional conditions of geographical environment, the reserve has been for ming its scientific research and conservational potential. It has been developing its geographical-ecological style of work, managing to retain the leading positions in conservational geopolitics. Overcoming the unexpected "bends" of historical events and adapting in regional conditions of the geographical environment, the reserve formed its research and environmental potential, developed an environmental-geographical style of development at the forefront of regional geopolitics. Today the history of TSNBR survival and development is a remarkable example of invalid prohibitive conception and an unsuccessful experience of are serve integration into traditional recreational natural management. In August 2018, with implicit consent of legislative and executive bodies of Russia, without necessary discussions, the Federal law from 3rd August 2018 № 321-ФЗ was issued, in which the article 9 states: “Transform Teberdinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve… into national park”. In vague interpretation of Federal law on Special Protected Natural Areas further fate of conservation area remains highly inenarrable.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVENESS OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM AT THE BROMO TENGGER SEMERU NATIONAL PARK

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Joshi Maharani Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Negative Impacts

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) is one of the conservation areas in Indonesian that functions as a protected area, a biosphere reserve area, and a tourism destination. The research was conducted to determine the BTSNP sustainable competitiveness potential as a tourism destination as well as conservation area. This research used secondary data obtained from the TripAdvisor site in 2018 and primary data obtained through interviews, FGD, documentation, and observation. The data was analyzed by using a sentiment analysis approach based on the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) concept. The result showed that BTSNP’s sustainable competitiveness was most negatively influenced by tourism policy and environmental conditions. To overcome those of negative impacts, the related stakeholders need to apply more suitable policies based on natural and social condition of BTSNP, such as biosphere reserve and local tourism clustering-based policy. The purpose of developing a new local tourism attraction (clustering) in BTSNP was to overcome waste and excess tourist capacity in the BTSNP protected area. The clustering also aims to maximize local tourism development strategies based on the biosphere reserve concept in the BTSNP area. So, the policies related to biosphere reserve and tourism clustering can effectively increase sustainable competitiveness ecotourism in BTSNP.

scholarly journals ESPACIOS NATURALES PROTEGIDOS, RETO DEMOGRÁFICO Y TURISMO.EL EJEMPLO DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA Y PARQUE NACIONAL DE MONFRAGÜE (EXTREMADURA, ESPAÑA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 369-400
Author(s):  
Felipe Leco Berrocal ◽  
Ana Beatriz Mateos Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Tourist Behaviour

Los espacios naturales protegidos son uno de los recursos más demandados desde el punto de vista turístico. Esta investigación analiza las relaciones causa-efecto que ha tenido la declaración de Monfragüe como Reserva de la Biosfera y Parque Nacional en el comportamiento demográfico, económico y turístico del territorio que comprende. Desde una metodología cualitativa, apoyado en el análisis de fuentes estadísticas, se concluye que las expectativas depositadas en el turismo no han conseguido frenar la despoblación ni potenciar la diversificación económica. Protected natural areas are one of the most demanded resources from the tourist point of view. This research analyses the cause-effect relationships that the declaration of Monfragüe as a Biosphere Reserve and National Park has had on the demographic, economic and tourist behaviour of the territory it encompasses. From a qualitative methodology, supported by the analysis of statistical sources, it is concluded that the expectations placed in tourism have not managed to halt depopulation or promote economic diversification.

scholarly journals Diversity of the geographical environment of national parks in Rwanda as centers of nature based tourism

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Alina Zajadacz ◽  
Josepha Uwamahoro
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Primary Materials

The purpose of the article is to present the geographical diversity of four national parks in Rwanda (Volcanoes National Park, Akagera National Park, Nyungwe National Park, Gishwati-Mukura National Park), as well as a diversified approach to the ways of sharing them as centers of nature-based tourism. The first part attempts to define nature-based tourism and to outline the characteristics of the geographical environment and the state of tourism development in Rwanda. The natural tourist values of national parks and ways of making them available for tourism were discussed on this background. The study used secondary materials (literature, reports, statistical data) as well as primary materials – results of the field inventory and interviews conducted with employees of the national parks during the geographical field seminar in Rwanda entitled Tourism and the functioning of protected natural areas in overpopulated conditions (January-February 2020). The knowledge and experience of the author who is a native resident of Rwanda was also important in collecting and interpreting data. The conclusions present a synthetic diversity of the geographical environment of Rwanda with regard to three main zones. In addition, the importance of the economic effects of nature-based tourism for many beneficiaries was emphasized: residents, entrepreneurs, the geographical environment of national parks, as well as the state economy. Recommended further research concerns the need to take up issues also in the field of community-based tourism, environmental awareness and attitude of society, and development opportunities for sustainable and responsible tourism in Rwanda. Zróżnicowanie środowiska geograficznego parków narodowych w Rwandzie jako centrów turystyki opartej na walorach przyrodniczych Zarys treści: Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie zróżnicowania środowiska geograficznego czterech parków narodowych w Rwandzie (Volcanoes National Park, Akagera National Park, Nyungwe National Park, Gishwati-Mukura National Park), a także zróżnicowanego podejścia do sposobów ich udostępniania, jako centów turystyki bazującej na walorach przyrodniczych (nature-based tourism). W pierwszej części podjęto próbę zdefiniowania nature-based tourism, oraz przedstawienia w zarysie stanu rozwoju turystyki w Rwandzie. Na tym tle zostały scharakteryzowane przyrodnicze walory turystyczne parków narodowych oraz sposoby ich udostępniania dla turystyki. W opracowaniu wykorzystano materiały wtórne (literaturę, raporty, dane statystyczne), jak również pierwotne – wyniki inwentaryzacji terenowej oraz wywiadów przeprowadzonych z pracownikami parków narodowych podczas geograficznego seminarium terenowego w Rwandzie pt. Turystyka a funkcjonowanie przyrodniczych obszarów chronionych w warunkach przeludnienia (styczeń-luty 2020). Istotne znaczenie w gromadzeniu i interpretacji danych ma również wiedza i doświadczenie autorki będącej rdzennym mieszkańcem Rwandy. W konkluzjach przedstawiono syntetyczne zróżnicowanie środowiska geograficznego Rwandy z uwzględnieniem trzech stref. Ponadto podkreślone zostały efekty ekonomiczne tej formy turystyki dla wielu beneficjentów: mieszkańców, przedsiębiorców, środowiska geograficznego parków narodowych, a także gospodarki państwa. Rekomendowane, dalsze badania powinny dotyczyć takiej problematyki, jak community-based tourism, świadomości i postaw ekologicznych społeczeństwa oraz możliwości rozwoju dla zrównoważonej i odpowiedzialnej turystyki w Rwandzie.

Features of Development of the Black Sea Village in 1920s: Materials from the Black Sea Party Obkom Fond in the Documentation Center for Contemporary History of the Krasnodar Krai

2018 ◽  
pp. 1128-1136
Author(s):  
Olga V. Bershadskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Political Development ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
History Of

The article studies features of socio-economic and socio-political development of the Black Sea village in 1920s. Documents from the fond of the Black Sea District Committee (Obkom) of the RCP (b) -VKP (b) stored in the Center for Documentation of the Modern History of the Krasnodar Krai allow not only to reconstruct the developments in the Black Sea village in the NEP days, but also to understand the nature of its evolution. Uniqueness of the Black Sea village was greatly determined by its geographical environment. There had formed a sectoral makeup of agricultural production: fruit-farming, viticulture, tobacco growing. Rugged relief forced peasants to form holdings or farms; therefore rural communities were rare. Its another distinctive feature was its motley national composition. Over 50 ethnic groups inhabited the district, among most numerous were the Russians, the Ukrainians, the Armenians, and the Greeks. In the first years of the NEP, the main tasks facing district authorities were to develop ‘high-intensity’ industries and to shape local peasant farms into food base for cities and resorts. While tackling these tasks, they had to deal with shortages of land and poor communications and to bring lease relations and work-hands employment up to scratch. The situation was complicated by socio-political inertia of rural population of the district that came from the absence of community tradition. Study of the documents from the fond of the Black Sea party obkom shows that local authorities were well aware of the peculiarity of their region, but in most cases had to follow guidelines set ‘from above’ to introduce all-Russian standards.

From Competition to Cooperation: A History of Canada–US National Park Relations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Young ◽  
Alan MacEachern ◽  
Lary Dilsaver
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
The Relationship

This essay explores the evolving international relationship of the two national park agencies that in 1968 began to offer joint training classes for protected-area managers from around the world. Within the British settler societies that dominated nineteenth century park-making, the United States’ National Park Service (NPS) and Canada’s National Parks Branch were the most closely linked and most frequently cooperative. Contrary to campfire myths and nationalist narratives, however, the relationship was not a one-way flow of information and motivation from the US to Canada. Indeed, the latter boasted a park bureaucracy before the NPS was established. The relationship of the two nations’ park leaders in the half century leading up to 1968 demonstrates the complexity of defining the influences on park management and its diffusion from one country to another.

Liepājai – veltījuma dzejas / dziesmu piemēri mūsdienās un 19. gadsimta baltvācu literārajā mantojumā

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Ivars Orehovs
Keyword(s):  
Travel Literature ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Native Place ◽  
History Of Literature ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town

In a literary heritage with a developed tradition of genres, works whose main purpose is to attract the attention of readers to a selected geographical location, are of particular culture-historical and culture-geographical interest. The most widespread in this respect is travel literature, which is usually written by travellers and consist of impressions portrayed in prose after visits to foreign lands. Another type of literary depiction with an expressed poetic orientation, but a similar goal, is characteristic of dedicatory poetry. The author’s position is usually saturated with emotional expressiveness as well as the artistry of symbols, encouraging the reader or listener to feel the formation of a spontaneous attitude. It is possible to gain confidence in the engagement of the author of the poetry as an individual in the depicted cultural-geographical environment, which can be conceptually expressed by words or pairs of words ‘resident’, ‘native place’, ‘patriot’. With regard to the devotional depictions on the Latvian urban environment, one of the earliest examples known in the history of literature is the dedicatory poem in German by Christian Bornmann to the town Jelgava with its ancient name (Mitau, 1686/1802). The name of Liepāja town in this tradition of the genre has become an embodiment later – in the poetry selection in German, also using the ancient name of the town (Libausche Dichtungen, 1853), but in terms of contemporary literary practice with Imants Kalniņš’ music, there is a convincing dominance of songs with words of poetry. The aim of the article is, looking at the poetry devoted to Liepāja in the 19th century and at the turn of the 20th/21st century in the comparative aspect, to present textually thematic peculiarities as well as to provide the analytical interpretative summary of those.

Developing land-state maps of Tram Chim National Park in Vietnam based on monitoring results

2020 ◽  
Vol 963 (9) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
V.F. Kovyazin ◽  
Thi Lan Anh Dang ◽  
Viet Hung Dang
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Wetland Area ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Normalized Difference Water Index ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

Tram Chim National Park in Southern Vietnam is a wetland area included in the system of specially protected natural areas (SPNA). For the purposes of land monitoring, we studied Landsat-5 and Sentinel-2B images obtained in 1991, 2006 and 2019. The methods of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and water objects – normalized difference water index (NDWI) were used to estimate the vegetation in National Park. The allocated land is classifi ed by the maximum likelihood method in ENVI 5.3 into categories. For each image, a statistical analysis of the land after classifi cation was performed. Between 1991 and 2019, land changes occurred in about 57 % of the Tram Chim National Park total area. As a result, the wetland area has signifi cantly reduced there due to climate change. However, the area of Melaleuca forests in Tram Chim National Park has increased due to the effi ciency of reforestation in protected areas. Melaleuca forests are also being restored.

Into Russian Nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Roe
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
National Parks ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
National Park ◽  
World War ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Goals

Into Russian Nature examines the history of the Russian national park movement. Russian biologists and geographers had been intrigued with the idea of establishing national parks before the Great October Revolution but pushed the Soviet government successfully to establish nature reserves (zapovedniki) during the USSR’s first decades. However, as the state pushed scientists to make zapovedniki more “useful” during the 1930s, some of the system’s staunchest defenders started supporting tourism in them. In the decades after World War II, the USSR experienced a tourism boom and faced a chronic shortage of tourism facilities. Also during these years, Soviet scientists took active part in Western-dominated international environmental protection organizations, where they became more familiar with national parks. In turn, they enthusiastically promoted parks for the USSR as a means to reconcile environmental protection and economic development goals, bring international respect to Soviet nature protection efforts, and help instill a love for the country’s nature and a desire to protect it in Russian/Soviet citizens. By the late 1980s, their supporters pushed transformative, and in some cases quixotic, park proposals. At the same time, national park opponents presented them as an unaffordable luxury during a time of economic struggle, especially after the USSR’s collapse. Despite unprecedented collaboration with international organizations, Russian national parks received little governmental support as they became mired in land-use conflicts with local populations. While the history of Russia’s national parks illustrates a bold attempt at reform, the state’s failure’s to support them has left Russian park supporters deeply disillusioned.

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