scholarly journals Potential economic effects of climate change on Finnish agriculture

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Kettunen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Fertilizing Effect

In the assessment of the economic effects of climate change, changes in returns and costs have to be taken into consideration. Changes in returns are mainly caused by changes in the yield level. Costs are determined by various factors. Harvesting conditions may improve as the temperatures are higher. However, an increasing need for disease and pest control results in higher costs. Various extensive studies have indicated that rising temperatures with the CO2 fertilizing effect increase the crop potential in Finland. From the economic point of view an increase in yield level is highly significant, because the increase in costs remains quite small, A 10% increase in the yield level raises the farm income by about 6%. Because agriculture is supported in many ways either directly or indirectly, the rise in income level may be offset by lowering the support. Consequently, farmers may not benefit from an increase in the yield level, but the benefit will go to the state economy. However, an increase in the yield level resulting from rising temperatures is advantageous to the national economy, regardless of whether the benefit goes to the farmers or to the state.

Urban Hazard Adaptation: Efficiency of a Green Infrastructure in an Italian metropolis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Busca ◽  
Roberto Revelli
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Economic Point

<p>In recent years, safeguarding approaches and environmental management initiatives have been adopted both by international institutions and local governments , aimed at sustainable use of natural resources and their restoration, in order to manage hazard level of climate change consequences (urban flooding, droughts and water shortages, sea level rise, issues with food security).</p><p>Cities represent the main collectors of these effects, consequently they need to implement specific adaptation plans mitigating consequences of such future events: Green Infrastructures (G.I.) fall within the most effective tools for achieving the goal. In the urban context, they also identify themselves as valid strategies for biodiversity recovery and ecological functions.</p><p>This work analyzes the role of a G.I. in an urban environment, with the aim of quantifying Ecosystem Services (E.S.) provided by vegetation: through usage of <em>i-Tree</em>, specific software suite for E.S. quantification, the sustainability offered by “Le Vallere” park, a 34-hectares greenspace spread between municipalities of Turin and Moncalieri (Italy), was analyzed, in collaboration with the related management institution (<em>Ente di gestione delle Aree Protette del Po torinese</em>). The study, carried out using two specific tools (<em>i-Tree Eco and i-Tree Hydro</em>), focuses on different aspects: carbon sequestration and storage, atmospheric pollutants reduction, avoided water runoff and water quality improvement are just some of the environmental benefits generated by tree population. Tools enable to carry out the analysis also from an economic point of view, evaluating monetary benefits brought by the green infrastructure both at present day and in the future,  taking into account climate change effects through projections based on the regional climatic model COSMO-CLM (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios).</p><p>The work led to deepen potential held by the greenspace, helping the cooperating management institution  to plan future territorial agenda and to find innovative approaches for an integrated and sustainable hazard control.</p>

scholarly journals BASE: a sustainable path for the University of Milano-Bicocca

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Cristina Messa ◽  
Giacomo Magatti ◽  
Massimiliano Rossetti ◽  
Matteo Colleoni ◽  
Massimo Labra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The University ◽  
And Training

Since its foundation, in 1998, the University of Milano-Bicocca has been pursuing the objective to make its structures sustainable from an environmental, social and economic point of view. To this end, in 2015 the University of Milano-Bicocca created BASE (Bicocca Ambiente Società Economia - Bicocca Environment Society Economy), an internal office aimed at promoting the interaction between research and training and at stimulating sustainability both within the University and outside. BASE proposes a holistic approach to sustainability including energy efficiency, waste reduction, sustainable mobility, climate change attention and water and food supply. The report will focus on the interventions recently carried out in the various fields, paying particular attention to the issues of waste management and of mobility.

scholarly journals Cost–benefit analysis of tetanus prophylaxis by a mathematical model

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carducci ◽  
C.M. Avio ◽  
M. Bendinelli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Tetanus Vaccination

SUMMARYA mathematical model has been developed which allows estimation of the epidemiological and economic effects of different tetanus vaccination strategies. The model was used to simulate the epidemiology of tetanus in italy from 1955 to 1982, and then applied to a district of Tuscany by utilizing data obtained from a seroepidemiological survey carried out in the same area. For this district we simulated vaccination programmes designed to reach, within 1 or 10 years, coverages of 60 or 90% of the population aged over 10 years who had not been exposed to the neonatal vaccination programme. The most effective strategy, from both the epidemiological and economic point of view, seems to be 90% coverage reached in 1 year's time. Benefits would be increased by improving the reliability of vaccinal anamnesis.

scholarly journals PENEGAKAN HUKUM KORUPSI POLITIK DI INDONESIA PERMASALAHAN DAN ISU-ISU KONTEMPORER

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Andjeng Pratiwi ◽  
Ridwan Arifin
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Corruption Case ◽  
State Economy ◽  
State Administrators ◽  
Ordinary Thing

As we know that corruption is happening in Indonesia today, it has been in a very severe and entrenched position in every life. The development of corruption from year to year is increasing rapidly, both in losses suffered by the state and the quantity and quality that are increasingly systematic. The increase in corruption that is out of control will bring disaster to the life of the national economy and the life of the nation and state. The occurrence of corruption cases in Indonesia has no idea who the limits are, why or how. Even many state officials are corrupt. Not only only state officials who commit corruption. Now the corruption case in Indonesia seems to have been an ordinary thing and can be called a phenomenon. The implementation of a clean country is important and necessary to avoid corrupt practices in circulation which not only involve the state officials, but also their families and cronies, which if allowed by the Indonesian people will be in a disadvantaged position. Besides that, in practice there are still neglected matters, because the judges' decisions are unclear and unequivocal distinguish a nominal loss of the state lost due to the convict's actions. This means that the Judge has not distinguished a definition regarding the element of enriching or benefiting himself or anyone else. This difference should be put forward by the Judge in its decision, so that the classification between corruption acts that are detrimental to the state's economy (state losses have already occurred in real terms or state finances have also begun to decrease) should be seen. According to Nyoman Serikat Putra Jaya said that corruption is not only carried out by state administrators, or between state administrators, but also other parties, namely families, businessmen and cronies, so that damaging the welfare of the nation and state also endangers the existence of the country.Keywords: corruption, nepotism, state economy, welfare, collusion.

scholarly journals Evaluating the economic and ecological effects of investment projects: A new model and its application to smartphone manufacturing in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-265
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Apalkova ◽  
Sergiy Tsyganov ◽  
Tetiana Chernytska ◽  
Nataliia Meshko ◽  
Nadiia Tsyganova
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
New Jobs

Despite market volatility in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and a decline in global investment flows to 2005 levels, sustainable development funds continued to grow. These data indicate a change in development vectors: now leading investors are guided by technologies for sustainable growth. The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal model for evaluating investment projects in terms of their economic and environmental effects on the development of the region. The proposed technique is being tested for an investment project aimed at developing the production of mobile phones in Europe. As shown, the analysis of the location of the production of smartphones in Europe for subsequent implementation in the European market has a number of advantages and is more beneficial in terms of environmental and economic effects for the region. First, from an economic point of view, this leads to an increase in the volume of attracted investments, a decrease in operating costs for international logistics, the creation of new jobs and qualifications for the population. In addition, it is important to be able to actively implement circular business models that will reuse lithium-ion phone batteries, which will lead to a decrease in the need for cobalt as a raw material, as well as lead to an increase in the level of recycling of e-waste and the circularity of the European economy. Also, such investment projects open up great opportunities for manufacturers from a marketing point of view, creating bonuses for a positive image and preferences for a “local green producer”.

scholarly journals Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Pisang Klutuk di Desa Puhu Kecamatan Payangan Kabupaten Gianyar

2018 ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
JESICA AGUSTIN ◽  
I GUSTI AGUNG AYU AMBARAWATI ◽  
I WAYAN BUDIASA
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Income Analysis of Klutuk Bananas at Puhu Village Payangan District Gianyar Regency This study aims to determine costs used, revenue and income of klutuk banana farming. The location of the research was determined purposively at Puhu Village, Payangan District, Gianyar Regency. The population in this study was klutuk banana farmers at Puhu Village, Payangan District, Gianyar Regency. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling method. Samples in this study were 55 respondents of farmers determined by using Slovin method. This research uses descriptive quantitative and qualitative to calculate income of klutuk banana cultivation at Puhu Village. The results of this study show that average farm income received by farmers was Rp 3,503,207 in the first year and in the second year at amount Rp 4,401,317. Technical obstacles experienced by farmers on klutuk banana farming at Puhu Village were the existence of green grasshopper and strong wind. Hindrance from the economic point of view was price fluctuations between wet and dry seasons.

IMPACTS OF INCREASING FREIGHT RAILWAY TARIFFS ON STATE ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (12) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Olha STASIUK ◽  
◽  
Larysa CHMYROVA ◽  
Natalia FEDIAI ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Freight Traffic ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Impact

Based on global experience, the article proves the necessity of improving the analysis of regulatory impact of legislative acts, which is the main instrument of state regulation quality assurance. Recent years display the trend of temporal inland traffic freight railway tariffs increase. The last increase was approved by the corresponding Order of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine dd. August 11, 2021 qualified as a regulatory act, which is subject to compulsory regulatory impact analysis according to the Methodology approved at the national level. The national methodology does not provide for assessment of impacts on state economy. In view of this, the assessment was completed for the possible impact of regulatory act work on the state economy according to the methodological approach developed by the State Organization “Institute of the Economy and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, which main point is a more comprehensive and sophisticated quantitative assessment of the direct regulatory impact on the field of economic interest of both citizens, economic entities, state, and the society in general (national economy). The impact assessment of the freight railway tariffs’ increase on national economy followed two perspectives: the possible impact on GDP and the competition within the traffic infrastructure of Ukraine. The contribution of JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia” into GDP of Ukraine is computed based on freight railway tariffs increase. The article proves that the Order of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine will have the effects on intermodal competition within the transport system of Ukraine through the redistribution of the freight traffic as, on the one hand, certain off-grade freights will be handled by the river and motor transport and, on the other hand, specific 3rd rate class freights will be handled by the rail transport. Such redistribution will have positive effects for the competitive position of rail transport on the inner freight traffic market because the loss of some off-grade freights, which transport is unprofitable, will not have a negative impact on rail facilities.

ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE POTATO AND ITS BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISM INTERACTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (4) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Mariusz Maciejczak ◽  
Tadeusz Filipiak
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts

The primary objective of this paper was to identify the economic, social and environmental impacts of plants and their beneficial microorganism interactions. As a plant example, the potato (Solanum tuberosum) has been chosen due to its worldwide nutritional and economic importance. Based on a systematic literature review, high importance effects were identified. From an economic point of view these were an increase in plant immunity and yield along with cost reductions and a reduction of abiotic and biotic stresses. From a social point of view, the importance of healthier food, a cleaner environment and resistant ecosystem were identified. From an environmental perspective, the effects of the increase of soil fertility and biodiversity as well as bioremediation opportunities were found to be important. The cross impact analysis of the identified effects indicate the primary importance of the economic effects, however their occurrence is determined by social effects, while the environmental ones are in a supporting position. It is argued, therefore, that the successful implementation of innovative products and technologies in potato production based on the plant – beneficial microorganism interactions will require economic empirical evidence and will be driven by social tension.

scholarly journals TERRITORIAL MOBILITY OF THE POPULATION AS AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIO-CULTURAL PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN LABOUR MARKET

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-92
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Barkov ◽  
Maria A. Kovrova ◽  
Alena S. Selezneva ◽  
Maria A. Chugunova
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Labor Resources

With the largest territory in the world, Russia faces special problems in the distribution of labor resources. Management of territorial mobility becomes an urgent task of the state in the XXI century. From an economic point of view, territorial mobility prevents structural unemployment in the regions and contributes to economic growth. Most often, such mobility is beneficial not only to the state, but also to the citizens themselves, acquiring a stable place of work and thereby improving the quality of their lives. However, in general, the Russian population is characterized by very low mobility. The article analyzes the opinions of experts from the Federal service of labour and employment on this issue. The past of the country has caused a number of features that prevent the movement from the region to the region. These are: the structure of the real estate market (where the predominant objects are owned, not rented), and the collectivism of Russian people (according which moving to a remote region is viewed as a break with the native community), and the tradition of living all life in one place. In such a situation, the state is forced to develop special social technologies that stimulate people to move. These technologies are located in a continuum — from active stimulation of moving to regions with a shortage of labor resources through serious financial support to consulting and providing information that enable people to make independent solutions. The article considers both general programs of territorial mobility management, implemented by the Federal center and the regions, and special programs, the most famous of which is the “Far-Eastern hectare”. The authors also draw attention to the increasing importance of information and consulting activities of employment services that are carried out in the Internet and allow to synthesize multiple data (on vacancies, housing market, transport accessibility, legal issues, etc.) necessary to improve territorial mobility.

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