scholarly journals Rzemiosło żydowskie w Lublinie i jego instytucje w latach trzydziestych XX wieku

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-201
Author(s):  
Piotr Sewruk
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Craft Guilds ◽  
The City ◽  
Credit Institutions

Jewish crafts in Lublin and their institutions in the 1930s The paper attempts to reconstruct the condition of Jewish crafts in Lublin in the 1930s after the new legal regulations for industry were introduced in 1927 (“The act on industry law”). Crafts in Lublin in this period were ethnically strongly polarized between the two groups. Jews owned 60 percent of all the workshops in the city, while Poles held the rest of the crafts and services. Jewish craftsmen dominated mainly in textile (tailoring) and leather (shoemaking) industries and services like hairdressing or photography. The article focuses primarily on quantitative and statistic aspects of the discussed topic. Jewish craft organizations (craft guilds), supporting institutions (credit institutions for craftsmen) and Jewish personnel of the Lublin Chamber of Crafts are also presented.

scholarly journals The decline of guilds and their monopoly in English provincial towns, with particular reference to Exeter

Urban History ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASARU YONEYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
City Government ◽  
Royal Authority ◽  
Craft Guilds ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTThis article examines the decline of the craft guilds in early modern England by way of a case-study of the Tuckers’ Company in Exeter. From the 1980s, this case figured prominently in the historiographical debate concerning guild decline; however, it has not been examined recently. The current study reveals the Tuckers’ Company is not a case of decline in guild membership so much as a case of the loss of guild monopoly and a concomitant transition to charitable functions. On the basis of empirical sources, this study also reveals the mechanisms and context of this transformation in the post-Civil War politics of the city of Exeter. Specific attention is given to first, the decline of royal authority bolstering the guild against the city government and secondly, the shift of power in the guild with the ascendance of the merchant fullers. Finally, the historiographical implications of the article's findings are discussed.

scholarly journals PELAKSANAAN KURSUS PRANIKAH DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA: URGENSITAS, EFEKTIVITAS HUKUM, DAN TINDAKAN SOSIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Siti Djazimah ◽  
Muhammad Jihadul Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Technical Level ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The City

This article describes the implementation of pre-marital courses that still contain several problems. One of them is, Indonesian Republic’s Ministry of Religion Regulation No. DJ.II / 491 of 2009 and Regulation No. DJ.II / 542 of 2013 in order to organize the pre-marital courses, but many related parties cannot implement it. This prompted the author to examine the views of the Head of KUA in the City of Yogyakarta regarding the urgency of pre-marital courses in an effort to form a sakinah family. After interviewing some related sources, the authors concluded: (1) all informants considered pre-marital courses to be very important as an effort to realize a sakinah family; (2) at the technical level, the implementation of pre-marital courses still faces some problems, such as budget issues, so that some KUA cannot held pre-marital courses; and (3) the implementation of pre-marital courses at KUA is based on religious traditions or beliefs rather than legal regulations. [Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang pelaksanaan kursus pra-nikah yang masih mengandung sejumlah masalah. Salah satunya adalah, meskipun Kementerian Agama RI telah mengeluarkan Peraturan No. DJ.II/491 Tahun 2009 dan Peraturan No. DJ.II/542 Tahun 2013 agar kursus pranikah diselenggarakan, namun banyak pihak terkait yang tidak dapat melaksanakannya. Ini mendorong penulis menelaah pandangan pandangan Kepala KUA Kota Yogyakarta tentang kursus pra-nikah dan urgensi dalam upaya membentuk keluarga sakinah. Setelah mewawancarai narasumber-narasumber terkait, penulis berkesimpulan: (1) semua narasumber menganggap kursus pra-nikah sangat penting sebagai upaya mewujudkan keluarga sakinah; (2) pada tataran teknis, pelaksanaan kursus pra-nikah masih terbentur sejumlah masalah, seperti persoalan anggaran, sehingga beberapa KUA tidak bisa menyelenggarakan kursus pra-nikah; dan (3) pelaksanaan kursus pra-nikah di KUA didasarkan pada tradisi atau keyakinan agama daripada peraturan hukumnya.]

scholarly journals REGULACJE DOTYCZĄCE ODLEGŁOŚCI MIĘDZY BUDYNKAMI W PRAWACH ANTYCZNYCH

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Aneta Skalec
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
The Law ◽  
The City

LEGAL REGULATIONS OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE BUILDINGS IN ANCIENT LAWS Summary Regulations concerning the distance between the buildings can be already found in the law of the XII Tables, which prescribed that 2,5 foots of free space must be left around every house. That space was called ambitus. But most probably, it was the earlier law of Solon in Athens, that served as a model for Romans, and a few centuries later (III BC) was also applied in Dikaiomata – the law of the city of Alexandria in Egypt. As far as the Roman Empire is concerned, we can find series of constitutions issued by imperators, usually concerning the distance between public buildings, and, as regards the fifth century AD, also the distance between private buildings (the most important of them is the constitution of Zenon). This question was an object of interest also for the author of the compilation of local Palestinian laws – Julian of Ascalon, in whose Treatise the problem was regulated in very detailed way. Julian of Ascalon’s Treatise dealt also with the distance between private buildings and many types of workshops.

Enemies of the Count and of the City

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 461-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dumolyn ◽  
Milan Pajic
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
Craft Guilds ◽  
The City

During the fourteenth century, the struggle for power between the craft guilds and patricians dominated the county of Flanders to such an extent that it resulted in three major revolts between 1302 and 1361. A common punishment for collective action was banishment from the city or from the entire county, either temporarily or for life. A mitigation of the capital punishment, sending those politically defeated into exile, partially transferred social and political tensions abroad and allowed the victorious party to restore order, although sometimes only until the return of the exiles under new political conditions. Thus these revolts were followed by waves of large scale collective expulsions, in the execution of which both princely and urban authorities were involved. After these, however, the importance of collective exile as a measure of repression sharply declined and other types of punishment were inflicted on rebellious communities. The purpose of this article is to explain this brief but intensive legal phenomenon within the judicial and political structures of the county.


The transformation of an urban political elite: oligarchy and aristocracy in sixteenth-century Ghent

Urban History ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-647
Author(s):  
Jelten Baguet
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Urban Politics ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
City Council ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Craft Guilds ◽  
The City

AbstractThe composition of the political elites in sixteenth-century Ghent, one of the political and economic centres of the county of Flanders, changed from a relatively open elite group that included representatives from the craft guilds into a compact, aristocratic class. This article analyses the reasons for this transformation. First, the number of office-holders in the city council declined and power was increasingly concentrated in the hands of a smaller political elite because of interventions in the urban political framework by the Habsburg authorities in the wake of a fiscal rebellion (1537–40) and a Calvinist takeover of power (1578–84). Secondly, the once dominant position of the craft guilds on Ghent's two benches of aldermen was weakened by institutional reforms, a Catholic backlash against Calvinism and an economic recession. Thirdly, the growing wealth gap between rulers and the ruled, coupled with an influx of noblemen into Ghent City Council, gave urban politics a more aristocratic character. Consequently, a series of interconnected changes gave rise to a trend towards oligarchy and aristocracy on the city's benches of aldermen.

scholarly journals Uliczni „przedsiębiorcy”, czyli spór o widzialność w przestrzeni publicznej miasta

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Beata Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Street Trading ◽  
City Street ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

This text is an attempt at a sociological description of the phenomenon of street trading as a form of (in)visible presence in the public space of the city. Street traders are (in)visible in the sense that, in breaking the legal regulations setting the frame for public visibility, they must be invisible to the apparatus of power in order to avoid fines and ensure their ability to achieve their aims, their livelihoods. On the one hand, street traders balance on the edge of the law, transgressing the public order, and on the other hand, they are active creators of its (in)visible portion, metaphorically speaking—protesters against the established socio-cultural structures but in reality people seeking the means to survive.

The York Cycle at Toronto: Staging and Performance Style

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Sheila Lindenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Performance Style ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
York Cycle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cycle Plays ◽  
Last Judgment ◽  
Corpus Christi Cycle ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Craft Guilds ◽  
The City

Because the York Corpus Christi cycle drew so much of its dramatic power from the life of the medieval community, it presents formidable problems to modern producers. One obvious difficulty stems from the anachronistic dramatization of scriptural history. How can one convey to a twentieth-century audience the contemporaneity of a play in which Pilate holds a Parliament with his ‘bishops’ and Christ enters Jerusalem like a king passing in royal procession through the gates of a medieval walled city? The forty-seven separate pageants in which the York cycle treats the story of man from the Creation to the Last Judgment were mounted by the craft guilds of the city under the supervision of the municipal authorities. By what process are these pageants to be produced today without the social and economic structure of the towns that gave to cycle plays the character of a truly civic drama? Finally, what performing style is to be used by modern actors? Even if the modern productions were to employ a historically accurate style (supposing that one could be reconstructed from surviving evidence), this style would only very partially convey to a modern audience the devotional, didactic, and ceremonial purposes of the medieval cycle.

scholarly journals Analysis of surveying and legal problems in granting right-of-way and expropriation for the purpose of locating technical infrastructure

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Trembecka
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
Transmission Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Abstract A condition which determines the location of technical infrastructure is an entrepreneur holding the right to use the property for construction purposes. Currently, there are parallel separate legal forms allowing the use of a real property for the purpose of locating transmission lines, i.e. transmission easement (right-of-way) established under the civil law and expropriation by limiting the rights to a property under the administrative law. The aim of the study is to compare these forms conferring the right to use real properties and to analyze the related surveying and legal problems occurring in practice. The research thesis of the article is ascertainment that the current legal provisions for establishing legal titles to a property in order to locate transmission lines need to be amended. The conducted study regarded legal conditions, extent of expropriation and granting right-of-way in the city of Krakow, as well as the problems associated with the ambiguous wording of the legal regulations. Part of the research was devoted to the form of rights to land in order to carry out similar projects in some European countries (France, Czech Republic, Germany, Sweden). The justification for the analysis of these issues is dictated by the scale of practical use of the aforementioned forms of rights to land in order to locate technical infrastructure. Over the period of 2011-2014, 651 agreements were concluded on granting transmission right-of-way for 967 cadastral parcels owned by the city of Krakow, and 105 expropriation decisions were issued, limiting the use of real properties in Krakow.

scholarly journals The Impact of Local Anti-Smog Resolution in Cracow (Poland) on the Concentrations of PM10 and BaP Based on the Results of Measurements of the State Environmental Monitoring

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Flaga-Maryańczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Baran-Gurgul
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
High Emission ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

As a result of conducted air quality policy, including recent legal regulations (the local anti-smog resolution), the number of individual solid fuel heating devices in Cracow (Poland) gradually decreased. Reports on air quality in the city indicate that the concentration of pollutants in Cracow’s air shows a downward trend. However, a similar tendency in terms of improving air quality is also observed in the entire voivodeship, where, as a result of analogous although less radical measures, the number of individual solid fuel heating devices is also decreasing. The paper discusses the impact of legal regulations in Cracow on the improvement of air quality in the context of changes taking place in nearby cities. Trends in changes in PM10 and BaP (PM10) concentrations are analyzed. The rate of decline of the analyzed pollutants concentrations is estimated with the use of nonparametric linear regression. Analysis showed that the rate of decline in the average annual concentrations of PM10 and BaP (PM10) in Cracow is always higher than for the analyzed cities of the Malopolskie Voivodeship. The difference is more pronounced with regard to the months of the heating season. The rate of changes for the average annual BaP (PM10) concentrations in Cracow, compared to other analyzed cities of the Malopolskie Voivodeship, is more intensive than in the case of PM10 concentrations (1.5 times stronger with regard to the months of the heating season). Since the concentration of BaP (PM10) is a better indicator of the effects of liquidation of high-emission furnaces than the concentration of PM10, it can be concluded that the impact of actions related to the improvement of air quality in Cracow in the context of changes taking place in selected cities of the Malopolskie Voivodeship is more visible.

scholarly journals Bequests with a special review of The Heritage House-Belgrade

Kultura ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 375-391
Author(s):  
Dejana Prnjat
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Special Review ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
The City

Taking care of a country's cultural legacy is the priority of each nation's cultural policy. The most important is its protection, since lost legacy cannot be compensated. However, research is also very important as is its presentation to the public. On the one hand, it is not surprising that allocations for culture in a poor country are minimized. On the other hand, there are many unsolved problems that do not depend on finances, like legal regulations in this domain. In this research we are going to pay special attention to the bequests of The Heritage House-Belgrade, whose founder is the City of Belgrade, since it is a unique state institution whose main activity is related to heritage and legacy.

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