scholarly journals Detailed Study of Clustering Technique In Data Mining with Principle of Data Mining

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Approach ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Clustering Technique

Clustering technique in data mining is a main approach to deal with the data an extraction of useful patterns and knowledge from it. Clustering is involved in the datamining process. Datamining is the way of pulling out the knowledge, information, useful patterns and a reliable data from a huge gigantic amount of raw data as per the needs of the targeted sector. In technical aspects the Data Mining is a way of finding out the useful patterns from the raw data by using the suitable techniques of statistics, Machine learning, and Database techniques. Data mining target two major aspects of extraction of meaning full pattern data for concern of large-scale for better understanding of shapes and profitable patterns of data which impacts globally and the other is small-scale which deals with the lesser impact on the global scale. This paper give a brief overview of Clustering technique under the Data mining process their features and functionality. Majorly concentrate on Clustering technique and their algorithms with the pro’s & con’s and understand the need of clustering and its importance in Data mining process. The Data mining principle is also explained briefly just to build a base to understand the techniques and their importance which has to be discussed

The Perks and Perils of Interdisciplinary Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. S55-S67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Leahey
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Extra Time ◽  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Challenges

This paper synthesizes findings from two studies the author conducted that examine how engagement in interdisciplinary research (IDR) influences scholars’ careers. Results from these two studies, one large-scale and quantitative and the other small-scale and qualitative, provide a much needed empirical assessment of IDR’s effects on individual careers. In essence, they provide a nice antidote (and some caution) to the rhetoric and enthusiasm surrounding IDR. My co-authors of these studies and I find that engaging in interdisciplinary research increases a scholar’s visibility in terms of citations, but also presents challenges, including reduced productivity, cognitive challenges, lack of support, extra time and commitment, and framing of one’s work. This paper concludes by discussing the policy implications of this research.

Charles Henry Brian Priestley. 8 July 1915 — 18 May 1998

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 349-378
Author(s):  
J. R. Garratt ◽  
E. K. Webb ◽  
S. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Convection And Heat Transfer ◽  
Atmospheric Sciences ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Industrial Research Organization ◽  
The University

Charles Henry Brian Priestley was born and educated in England. After completing the Mathematical Tripos at the University of Cambridge, he joined the Meteorological Office in 1939. For the next seven years he was engaged mostly in wartime work, including a two-year spell in Canada (1941–43) and three years with the Meteorological Office upper-air unit at Dunstable, UK (1943–46). In 1946, aged 31 years, he took up an Australian appointment with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (later to become the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)) to establish and develop a group to undertake research in meteorological physics. Thereafter he was based in Melbourne, Australia, with his career in the CSIRO extending to 1977. Priestley’s own early research focused on large-scale atmospheric systems, including substantial work on global-scale transport, and later on small-scale atmospheric convection and heat transfer, in which he established some significant results. He had a leading role in the development of the atmospheric sciences in Australia, and was strongly involved in international meteorology.

scholarly journals Balanced reconnection intervals: four case studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3897-3912 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. DeJong ◽  
A. J. Ridley ◽  
C. R. Clauer
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Polar Cap ◽  
Reconnection Rate ◽  
Magnetospheric Convection ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Name ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. During steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) events the magnetosphere is active, yet there are no data signatures of a large scale reconfiguration, such as a substorm. While this definition has been used for years it fails to elucidate the true physics that is occurring within the magnetosphere, which is that the dayside merging rate and the nightside reconnection rate balance. Thus, it is suggested that these events be renamed Balanced Reconnection Intervals (BRIs). This paper investigates four diverse BRI events that support the idea that new name for these events is needed. The 3–4 February 1998 event falls well into the classic definition of an SMC set forth by Sergeev et al. (1996), while the other challenge some previous notions about SMCs. The 15 February 1998 event fails to end with a substorm expansion and concludes as the magnetospheric activity slowly quiets. The third event, 22–23 December 2000, begins with a slow build up of magnetospheric activity, thus there is no initiating substorm expansion. The last event, 17 February 1998, is more active (larger AE, AL and cross polar cap potential) than previously studied SMCs. It also has more small scale activity than the other events studied here.

scholarly journals Fossil-calibrated molecular phylogeny of atlantid heteropods (Gastropoda, Pterotracheoidea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Wall-Palmer ◽  
Arie W. Janssen ◽  
Erica Goetze ◽  
Le Qin Choo ◽  
Lisette Mekkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rapid Diversification ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Phylogeny ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Ribosomal Rrna

Abstract Background The aragonite shelled, planktonic gastropod family Atlantidae (shelled heteropods) is likely to be one of the first groups to be impacted by imminent ocean changes, including ocean warming and ocean acidification. With a fossil record spanning at least 100 Ma, atlantids have experienced and survived global-scale ocean changes and extinction events in the past. However, the diversification patterns and tempo of evolution in this family are largely unknown. Results Based on a concatenated maximum likelihood phylogeny of three genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial DNA, 28S and 18S ribosomal rRNA) we show that the three extant genera of the family Atlantidae, Atlanta, Protatlanta and Oxygyrus, form monophyletic groups. The genus Atlanta is split into two groups, one exhibiting smaller, well ornamented shells, and the other having larger, less ornamented shells. The fossil record, in combination with a fossil-calibrated phylogeny, suggests that large scale atlantid extinction was accompanied by considerable and rapid diversification over the last 25 Ma, potentially driven by vicariance events. Conclusions Now confronted with a rapidly changing modern ocean, the ability of atlantids to survive past global change crises gives some optimism that they may be able to persist through the Anthropocene.

A Method for Bonding PDMS Without Using Plasma

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Martin ◽  
Aarash Y. N. Sofla
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Glass Sample ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Chlorine Gas

The vapor-assisted treatment constitutes a simple and inexpensive method to increase the adhesion strength of polydimethylsiloxane and glass without using plasma. In this method, the targeted PDMS-glass sample is exposed to a vapor in an enclosed container for a certain time. Different chemicals were tested as possible vapor sources. No increase in the adhesion strength of PDMS-glass samples was observed when silanes without chloro functional groups were used. On the other hand, all alkyl trichlorosilanes tested in this study led to permanent bondings. In addition, an increase in the strength of the PDMS-glass adhesion was obtained with di- and monochlorosilanes as well as with hydrochloric acid solution. These results experimentally demonstrate that the hydrogen chlorine gas assists with the PDMS-glass bonding, making the vapor-assisted treatment a method with multiple applications in both small scale laboratory research and large scale manufacturing processes.

Mesoscale Spectra of Mars’s Atmosphere Derived from MGS TES Infrared Radiances

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1717-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Imamura ◽  
Yasuhiro Kawasaki ◽  
Tetsuya Fukuhara
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Mars Global Surveyor ◽  
Infrared Radiance ◽  
Infrared Radiances ◽  
Radiance Data

Abstract Wavenumber spectra of the atmospheric potential energy of Mars at mesoscales (wavelengths of 64–957 km) were obtained as a function of latitude, season, and Martian year using infrared radiance data obtained by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) onboard the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft. Spectral slopes tend to be flatter at smaller scales, and the slopes are usually flatter than −1 near small-scale ends. Near large-scale ends, the spectra sometimes show prominent steepening with slopes from −2 to −3. The power peaks in the high latitudes in winter and equinoxes, suggesting that eddies are generated preferentially in baroclinic zones. The seasonal variation at each latitude band, on the other hand, tends to be obscured by large interannual variability. An enhancement in the power was observed around the storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere. Spectra of the terrestrial stratosphere were also obtained with a similar method from data taken by the Aura satellite and compared to the results for Mars.

Putting Data Before Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-64
Author(s):  
Gary Smith ◽  
Jay Cordes
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Data

The traditional statistical analysis of data follows what has come to be known as the scientific method: collecting reliable data to test plausible theories. Data mining goes in the other direction, analyzing data without being motivated or encumbered by theories. The fundamental problem with data mining is simple: We think that data patterns are unusual and therefore meaningful. Patterns are, in fact, inevitable and therefore meaningless. This is why data mining is not usually knowledge discovery, but noise discovery. Finding correlations is easy. Good data scientists are not seduced by discovered patterns because they don’t put data before theory. They do not commit Texas Sharpshooter Fallacies or fall into the Feynman Trap.

scholarly journals Micro Disasters: The Case of Serial Killer Jeffrey Dahmer

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Jentzen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serial Killer ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Major Disaster

Disasters are commonly experienced as major devastating events that exceed the resources of an agency to respond, with effects emanating throughout a community or region. There are, however, those events that are more measured, more subtle, and with few actual deaths, which still distract investigators from their daily duties and routines and project long lasting and crippling effects to a community or nation. Disasters can occur from natural forces or be the result of human activity. Most forensic pathologists who practice over a significant time will encounter one or the other types of disaster, sometimes more than a few. In my own career, I have witnessed large-scale disasters, such as hundreds of deaths occurring as the result of a major heat wave, to small-scale disasters such as factory explosions or small airplane crashes at sea—each with their own challenges. In addition to the extent of the initial disaster, many require the detailed, exhaustive evidentiary recovery and examination of a crime scene. The Jeffrey Dahmer case, although only involving 11 actual victims, required a major disaster response, and continues to influence and affect a community over 25 years later.

Dependencies of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations Measured at the Great Lakes on Climate Variables

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Ubl ◽  
Martin Scheringer
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Pcb Congeners

<p>Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and hazardous chemicals that are still detected in the atmosphere and other environmental compartments although their production was banned several decades ago. At the Great Lakes region PCBs have been monitored via the IADN network since 1993. In this study, we report results from seven different PCB congeners measured at six different sites around the Great Lakes. The PCBs exhibit a strong seasonal cycle with highest concentrations in summer and lowest concentrations in winter. The concentrations measured in Chicago and Cleveland are higher compared to the concentrations reported from more remote stations. We evaluated the correlations for the seven PCB congeners at each station. PCB-53,-101,-118 and -138 are highly correlated at each of the six stations. PCB-180 is the least correlated with all the other PCBs. This is explicitly true for Eagle Harbor, where PCB-180 and -153 are not correlated with the other 6 PCBs. This may be explained by the less pronounced seasonal cycle of these heavier PCBs at Eagle Harbor. We observed significant correlations between PCB-28 concentrations at the remote stations, but PCB concentrations at the stations of Chicago and Cleveland are only poorly correlated with PCB concentrations at the other stations. The weak correlation of the PCB concentrations measured at the different stations and the relatively high concentrations of the PCB congeners at each station indicate that local conditions and small scale processes (sources, temperature, wind direction, wind speed) dictate the spatial distribution of the  PCBs. We will feed available data on temperature, wind speed, wind direction, emissions, precipitation, ice cover of the Great Lakes and large scale atmospheric teleconnection patterns into a General Additive Model (GAM) to further investigate the relationships between the measured PCB concentrations and selected environmental conditions and atmospheric parameters.<span> </span></p>

Obtaining accurate pressure measurements in a stored granular medium

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Jarrett ◽  
C.J. Brown ◽  
D.B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Error ◽  
Granular Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Placement Method ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Media Pressure

The project is concerned with the acquisition of reliable data from large-scale silos, and in particular data relating to pressures imposed on the silo by the stored material. For the purposes of the study a square plan-form steel silo was used, and the stored material was Leighton Buzzard sand. The experimental work was carried out in the environmentally controlled conditions of the laboratories at Building Research Establishment, Watford, United Kingdom. The project adopted the pressure cells designed by V. Askegaard. Both wall cells and embedded cells were used to measure pressure at the interface of the wall and stored material and within the stored material, respectively. For the embedded cells, it has been shown that the installation procedure is critical in obtaining reliable results. Preliminary tests were carried out in small-scale models until confidence in repeatability of the placement method was achieved. Even then there was some variation in results, and to ensure confidence each large-scale test was repeated five times. Pressures measured by both wall and embedded cells were compared to obtain calibration factors, and then the overall vertical equilibrium of the model was checked and found to be within the bounds of experimental error. The authors are confident of the accuracy of data which can now be achieved provided care is taken with both installation procedures and calibration checks. Key words : pressure measurement, silos, granular media, pressure cell calibration.

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