A Method for Bonding PDMS Without Using Plasma

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Martin ◽  
Aarash Y. N. Sofla
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Glass Sample ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Chlorine Gas

The vapor-assisted treatment constitutes a simple and inexpensive method to increase the adhesion strength of polydimethylsiloxane and glass without using plasma. In this method, the targeted PDMS-glass sample is exposed to a vapor in an enclosed container for a certain time. Different chemicals were tested as possible vapor sources. No increase in the adhesion strength of PDMS-glass samples was observed when silanes without chloro functional groups were used. On the other hand, all alkyl trichlorosilanes tested in this study led to permanent bondings. In addition, an increase in the strength of the PDMS-glass adhesion was obtained with di- and monochlorosilanes as well as with hydrochloric acid solution. These results experimentally demonstrate that the hydrogen chlorine gas assists with the PDMS-glass bonding, making the vapor-assisted treatment a method with multiple applications in both small scale laboratory research and large scale manufacturing processes.

The Perks and Perils of Interdisciplinary Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. S55-S67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Leahey
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Extra Time ◽  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Challenges

This paper synthesizes findings from two studies the author conducted that examine how engagement in interdisciplinary research (IDR) influences scholars’ careers. Results from these two studies, one large-scale and quantitative and the other small-scale and qualitative, provide a much needed empirical assessment of IDR’s effects on individual careers. In essence, they provide a nice antidote (and some caution) to the rhetoric and enthusiasm surrounding IDR. My co-authors of these studies and I find that engaging in interdisciplinary research increases a scholar’s visibility in terms of citations, but also presents challenges, including reduced productivity, cognitive challenges, lack of support, extra time and commitment, and framing of one’s work. This paper concludes by discussing the policy implications of this research.

scholarly journals Balanced reconnection intervals: four case studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3897-3912 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. DeJong ◽  
A. J. Ridley ◽  
C. R. Clauer
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Polar Cap ◽  
Reconnection Rate ◽  
Magnetospheric Convection ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Name ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. During steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) events the magnetosphere is active, yet there are no data signatures of a large scale reconfiguration, such as a substorm. While this definition has been used for years it fails to elucidate the true physics that is occurring within the magnetosphere, which is that the dayside merging rate and the nightside reconnection rate balance. Thus, it is suggested that these events be renamed Balanced Reconnection Intervals (BRIs). This paper investigates four diverse BRI events that support the idea that new name for these events is needed. The 3–4 February 1998 event falls well into the classic definition of an SMC set forth by Sergeev et al. (1996), while the other challenge some previous notions about SMCs. The 15 February 1998 event fails to end with a substorm expansion and concludes as the magnetospheric activity slowly quiets. The third event, 22–23 December 2000, begins with a slow build up of magnetospheric activity, thus there is no initiating substorm expansion. The last event, 17 February 1998, is more active (larger AE, AL and cross polar cap potential) than previously studied SMCs. It also has more small scale activity than the other events studied here.

Large-Scale Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. El-Aguizy ◽  
Sang-Gook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Functionalization Of Carbon Nanotubes

The scale decomposition of a multi-scale system into small-scale order domains will reduce the complexity of the system and will subsequently ensure a success in nanomanufacturing. A novel method of assembling individual carbon nanotube has been developed based on the concept of scale decomposition. Current technologies for organized growth of carbon nanotubes are limited to very small-scale order. The nanopelleting concept is to overcome this limitation by embedding carbon nanotubes into micro-scale pellets that enable large-scale assembly as required. Manufacturing processes have been developed to produce nanopellets, which are then transplanted to locations where the functionalization of carbon nanotubes are required.

Mesoscale Spectra of Mars’s Atmosphere Derived from MGS TES Infrared Radiances

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1717-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Imamura ◽  
Yasuhiro Kawasaki ◽  
Tetsuya Fukuhara
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Mars Global Surveyor ◽  
Infrared Radiance ◽  
Infrared Radiances ◽  
Radiance Data

Abstract Wavenumber spectra of the atmospheric potential energy of Mars at mesoscales (wavelengths of 64–957 km) were obtained as a function of latitude, season, and Martian year using infrared radiance data obtained by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) onboard the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft. Spectral slopes tend to be flatter at smaller scales, and the slopes are usually flatter than −1 near small-scale ends. Near large-scale ends, the spectra sometimes show prominent steepening with slopes from −2 to −3. The power peaks in the high latitudes in winter and equinoxes, suggesting that eddies are generated preferentially in baroclinic zones. The seasonal variation at each latitude band, on the other hand, tends to be obscured by large interannual variability. An enhancement in the power was observed around the storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere. Spectra of the terrestrial stratosphere were also obtained with a similar method from data taken by the Aura satellite and compared to the results for Mars.

scholarly journals Micro Disasters: The Case of Serial Killer Jeffrey Dahmer

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Jentzen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serial Killer ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Major Disaster

Disasters are commonly experienced as major devastating events that exceed the resources of an agency to respond, with effects emanating throughout a community or region. There are, however, those events that are more measured, more subtle, and with few actual deaths, which still distract investigators from their daily duties and routines and project long lasting and crippling effects to a community or nation. Disasters can occur from natural forces or be the result of human activity. Most forensic pathologists who practice over a significant time will encounter one or the other types of disaster, sometimes more than a few. In my own career, I have witnessed large-scale disasters, such as hundreds of deaths occurring as the result of a major heat wave, to small-scale disasters such as factory explosions or small airplane crashes at sea—each with their own challenges. In addition to the extent of the initial disaster, many require the detailed, exhaustive evidentiary recovery and examination of a crime scene. The Jeffrey Dahmer case, although only involving 11 actual victims, required a major disaster response, and continues to influence and affect a community over 25 years later.

Dependencies of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations Measured at the Great Lakes on Climate Variables

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Ubl ◽  
Martin Scheringer
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Pcb Congeners

<p>Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and hazardous chemicals that are still detected in the atmosphere and other environmental compartments although their production was banned several decades ago. At the Great Lakes region PCBs have been monitored via the IADN network since 1993. In this study, we report results from seven different PCB congeners measured at six different sites around the Great Lakes. The PCBs exhibit a strong seasonal cycle with highest concentrations in summer and lowest concentrations in winter. The concentrations measured in Chicago and Cleveland are higher compared to the concentrations reported from more remote stations. We evaluated the correlations for the seven PCB congeners at each station. PCB-53,-101,-118 and -138 are highly correlated at each of the six stations. PCB-180 is the least correlated with all the other PCBs. This is explicitly true for Eagle Harbor, where PCB-180 and -153 are not correlated with the other 6 PCBs. This may be explained by the less pronounced seasonal cycle of these heavier PCBs at Eagle Harbor. We observed significant correlations between PCB-28 concentrations at the remote stations, but PCB concentrations at the stations of Chicago and Cleveland are only poorly correlated with PCB concentrations at the other stations. The weak correlation of the PCB concentrations measured at the different stations and the relatively high concentrations of the PCB congeners at each station indicate that local conditions and small scale processes (sources, temperature, wind direction, wind speed) dictate the spatial distribution of the  PCBs. We will feed available data on temperature, wind speed, wind direction, emissions, precipitation, ice cover of the Great Lakes and large scale atmospheric teleconnection patterns into a General Additive Model (GAM) to further investigate the relationships between the measured PCB concentrations and selected environmental conditions and atmospheric parameters.<span> </span></p>

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES OF TOURISM RELATED SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN INDIA: IN SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VARANASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar Nigam ◽  
Akriti Jaiswal ◽  
Vivek Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The People ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Small Scale Industries play a crucial role in the development of any country and contributes significantly in the economic development of the country. In a developing country like India where large scale industries are restricted to a few hands, Small Scale Industries play a vital role in the development of the country by providing employment, innovation and improving the standard of living of the people. By focusing on the different dimensions and identifying new dimensions of SSI in India, we can boost up the economic growth of the country as a whole. Tourism on the other hand is an important factor and contributor in the income of a country and its state. India is rich in cultural heritage and the huge diversity of India consisting of cultural believes and tourist places that attract a large number of national and international tourists across the globe every year. This gives birth to some new businesses in that state, provides numerous employment avenues, brings in foreign currencies as well as contributes in the total exports of the country. This paper deals with studying the prospective growth and opportunities of Small Scale Industries related to the tourism sector and identifying and suggesting measures to the issues that are being faced by such industries which are already prevailing in the market with special reference to Varanasi district.

Plankton

1962 ◽  
Vol 265 (1322) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Many ◽  
European Markets

Today I must concentrate on just one of the many possible aspects of plankton research, one that 1 believe has a real future given the opportunity and the backing. This is: how the movement and mixing of water masses affect the plankton and, in turn, the effect this has on the other dependent communities and so on the fish themselves. We know that the mixing of different water masses produces conditions that are usually more productive than in either, and this can happen on a large scale, as in the convergences, or on a small scale in quite local areas. Sometimes the cause of the greater productivity is obvious—for example, off the coast of Peru where off-shore winds tend to drive away the depleted surface waters. These are replaced by the upwelling of nutrient-rich waters from below; some mixing takes place seeding the rich water with phytoplankton and resulting in one of the richest areas of production in the oceans and incidentally leading to an export of cheap fish meal that is having repercussions in the European markets.

Comparison of block adjustment methods and accuracies of photogrammetric point determination

CISM journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
A.E. Balce
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Bundle Adjustment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Point Determination ◽  
Real Test ◽  
Independent Model ◽  
Rms Errors

This paper compares accuracy results of photogrammetric block adjustments using independent models, and bundles without added parameters, with block-invariant added parameters and with image-wise added parameters. Three real test blocks at scales of 1:4000,1:8000 and 1:60 000 were adjusted individually using the aforementioned methods. The root-mean-square (RMS) errors of discrepancies at checkpoints were compared and analyzed. It appeared that bundle adjustments with block-invariant added parameters gave the best results which were then used as the basis for comparing the RMS values of standard errors of independent model and bundle adjustments and of confidence ellipsoids of bundle adjustment, and accuracies estimated using RMS errors of residuals of independent model adjustments. The RMS values of standard errors of bundle adjustments appeared to be consistent, except for small-scale photography (smaller than 1:10 000). On the other hand, accuracies estimated using RMS errors of residuals of independent model adjustments appeared to be consistent, except in planimetry for large-scale photography (larger than 1:10 000). Hence, in the absence of checkpoints, standard errors of bundle adjustments may be used to estimate accuracy of photogrammetric point determination, except for small-scale photography which may then be estimated using the RMS errors of residuals of independent model adjustments.

scholarly journals Detailed Study of Clustering Technique In Data Mining with Principle of Data Mining

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Approach ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Clustering Technique

Clustering technique in data mining is a main approach to deal with the data an extraction of useful patterns and knowledge from it. Clustering is involved in the datamining process. Datamining is the way of pulling out the knowledge, information, useful patterns and a reliable data from a huge gigantic amount of raw data as per the needs of the targeted sector. In technical aspects the Data Mining is a way of finding out the useful patterns from the raw data by using the suitable techniques of statistics, Machine learning, and Database techniques. Data mining target two major aspects of extraction of meaning full pattern data for concern of large-scale for better understanding of shapes and profitable patterns of data which impacts globally and the other is small-scale which deals with the lesser impact on the global scale. This paper give a brief overview of Clustering technique under the Data mining process their features and functionality. Majorly concentrate on Clustering technique and their algorithms with the pro’s & con’s and understand the need of clustering and its importance in Data mining process. The Data mining principle is also explained briefly just to build a base to understand the techniques and their importance which has to be discussed

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