scholarly journals The apodictic method and the dialogue between theology and science (I)

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume XIV Issue 1-2 (Articles) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fr Petre Comşa ◽  
Costea Munteanu
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
Theology And Science ◽  
Theological Thought

Many today’s scientists think that religion can never come to terms with science. In sharp contrast to the widespread opinion, the authors of this paper consider that historically scientific reasoning and religious belief joined hands in their effort to investigate and understand reality. In fact, the current divorce between science and religion is nothing else than the final outcome of a gradual long-term, and deliberately assumed process of science secularization of science. However, especially during the last decades, we have all been equally confronted with the advance of a new concern over the fact that contemporary scientists have been approaching an area of investigation that had been usually addressed by the theological thought. This recent development has generated an emerging new field of investigation of Science and Religion within modern scientific epistemology.Against this background, the purpose of this paper is three-fold: firstly, to briefly emphasize that one of the defining dimensions of the dialogue between science and religion is given by the discontinuity, in which, the knowledge acquired through scientific reasoning is placed in relation to the divinely revealed knowledge; secondly, to argue that another defining dimension of the dialogue consists in the hierarchical harmony mediating the encounter between the two, thus transgressing the discontinuity and making the dialogue between theology and science possible and viable; and thirdly, to advocate the idea that the apodictic method (based on antinomic logic) can successfully structure such a dialogue.

Re-Visiting the Implications of Contemporary Epistemological Models for the Understanding of Religious Experience: an Overview

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 278-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Veldsman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Theology And Science ◽  
The One ◽  
Culturally Embedded

AbstractThe more recently proposed epistemological models (cf Gregersen & Van Huyssteen, eds., Rethinking Theology and Science: Six Models for the Current Dialogue) within the context of the science and religion debate, have opened up galaxie,s of meanirzg on the interface of the debates which are inviting for exploralive, theological travelling. But how are we epistemologically to judge not only oui journets but also the rethinking of the implications of these epistemological models for our understanding of religious experience and our experience of transcendence? The interdisciplinary space that has been opened up in an exciting post-foundational manner zuithirz these very debates, leaves us as rational persons, embedded in a very specific social and historical context, with the haunting cognitive pluralist question on how to reach beyond the limits of our own epistemic traditions (Wentzel van Huyssteen). This question is pursued as an effort on the one hand to unmask epistemic arrogance and, on the other hand, not to take refuge in the insular comfort of internally closed language-systems. It is an effort to address relativism and a 'twentieth-century despair of any knozuledye of reality' (Polkinghorne). It is finally an effort to conceptually revisit the implications of tltese models for our understanding of our culturally embedded religious experience.

Science, Religion and a Culture of Life

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Dilley ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Sensus Divinitatis ◽  
The Relationship

For those who wish to affirm a culture that values human life, the relationship between science and religion continues to be of import. Some, like Edward O. Wilson, think that naturalistic science will eventually account for all phenomena, even religious experience itself. This essay considers Wilson's hypothesis by surveying three classic explanations of universal religious belief: Sigmund Freud's projection theory, Charles Darwin's evolutionarry paradigm, and John Calvin's sensus divinitatis. Both Freud's and Darwin's views suffer from self-referential and evidential problems. In contrast, Calvin's model handles well major objections of religious pluralism and atheism. Of these three, Calvin's view is superior. Religion may not be reducible to a naturalistic explanation, and those who wish to promote a culture of life ought to view the relations between science and religion in a non-Wilsonian fashion, eschewing reductionism.

Religious belief as a resilience factor in a long-term refugee setting at the Thai-Myanmar Border, Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Peter Kaiser ◽  
Marie T. Benner ◽  
Kai Pohlmann
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Daily Lives

AbstractReligion has always had an influence on the causal attribution of people, i.e. how is your own destiny, happiness and misfortune interpreted? Since religious belief is not static, it is strongly influenced by the experiences that sufferers have gained in their past. It therefore plays an important role in dealing with trauma and stress in humanitarian crises – especially in vulnerable populations (such as refugees) and can be a source of power in difficult times. There are systematic studies on psychological implications of trauma in the context of war and forced migration on affected populations, especially regarding the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, but the effects of religious beliefs are not well understood yet. This study examines the role of religion in the daily lives of Karen refugees in long-term refugee settings along the Thai-Myanmar border and the possible influence that religion can have on dealing with crisis situations and one's own destiny. Resilience is a factor that is easily overlooked by mental health services, especially in situations where people are dependent on third party help. Psychosocial health care should take into account the role of religious beliefs in terms of expectations and causal attribution.

scholarly journals The Origins of Creationism in the Netherlands: The Evolution Debate among Twentieth-Century Dutch Neo-Calvinists

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham C. Flipse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The Netherlands is, besides the United States, one of the few countries where debates about creationism have been raging for decades. Strict creationism has become deeply rooted in traditional Reformed (Calvinist) circles, which is all the more remarkable as it stemmed from a very different culture and theological tradition. This essay analyses the historical implantation of this foreign element in Dutch soil by investigating the long-term interaction between American creationism and Dutch “neo-Calvinism,” a movement emerging in the late nineteenth century, which attempted to bring classical Calvinism into rapport with modern times. The heated debates about evolution in the interbellum period as well as in the sixties—periods characterized by a cultural reorientation of the Dutch Calvinists—turn out to have played a crucial role. In the interbellum period, leading Dutch theologians—fiercely challenged by Calvinist scientists—imported US “flood geology” in an attempt to stem the process of modernisation in the Calvinist subculture. In the sixties many Calvinists abandoned their resistance to evolutionary theory, but creationism continued to play a prominent role as the neo-Calvinist tradition was upheld by an orthodox minority, who (re-)embraced the reviving “Genesis Flood” creationism. The appropriation of American creationism was eased by the earlier Calvinist-creationist connection, but also by “inventing” a Calvinist-creationist tradition, suggesting continuity with the ideas of the founding fathers of neo-Calvinism. This article aims to contribute to a better understanding of what Ronald L. Numbers has recently called the “globalization” of the “science-and-religion dialogue.”

scholarly journals Nature as God: A juxtaposition of Vito Mancuso and Alexander von Humboldt in their search for understanding reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Buitendag ◽  
Corneliu C. Simut
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Alexander Von Humboldt ◽  
Creation Theology ◽  
Theology And Science ◽  
Religious Perspectives ◽  
Science And Theology ◽  
To Come ◽  
Methodology Of Science

This article’s premise is that science holds the promise of deepening religious perspectives on creation. The natural sciences have convincingly proved that nature is not static, or a ready-made creation dropped from heaven. Theologians need to read nature as scientists see it and engage with that understanding theologically.The concept of resonance is applied to denote this tangential relationship as an eco-social constructivist understanding of reality. Two proponents, one scientist and one theologian, have been chosen who share this view of a holistic reality, and the objective is to determine the degree of resonance viable of these magisteria. A method of polycentric hermeneutics is thus pursued.Although we referred to the concept of consilience regarding von Humboldt’s enterprise, it is not in the authors’ scope to achieve this with science and theology as disciplines sui generis. However, if resonance becomes vital in understanding reality, faith is inevitable (Anselm). If a creation theology seeks a degree of plausibility, it requires the feedback-loop methodology of science. We all share one earth: the closer we all come to a shared end, the closer we also come together and relativise differences. The naturalist Edward O. Wilson suggested that science and religion should set aside their differences to save the planet. Resonance has the potential to let new horizons emerge in our mutual endeavour to come to grips with reality and to map out certain tangentially overlapping magisteria.Contribution: Through resonance, the thought constructs of a scientist and a theologian are juxtaposed. An iterative hermeneutics’ importance is emphasised in the theology and science discourse, if faith seeks understanding and leads to awe. And the conclusion is that the ‘spiritual dimension’ and the ‘natural dimension’ do not only overlap but are tangential, as they engage with the same reality.

‘But where shall my soul repose?’: Nonconformity, Science and the Geography of the Afterlife, c. 1660–1720

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 268-279
Author(s):  
Andrew Cambers
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Religious Cultures ◽  
Henry More

Life, the afterlife, and life beyond the Earth are matters of scientific inquiry as well as religious belief. As we might expect, in the wake of the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century, the afterlife was subjected to new scrutiny. Such scrutiny, notably the demonology of Joseph Glanvill and Henry More, both fellows of the Royal Society, was undoubtedly scientific and serious, even if it has rarely been treated as such by scholars preferring to treat belief in witchcraft as a hangover from an earlier age. Far from being opposed, or necessarily pulling in opposite directions, the conjunction of science and religion in this era breathed new life into old problems and opened up new questions for debate. One such area, with a long history as a philosophical conundrum, was the possibility of life beyond Earth. It is this question, its place within religious cultures, and its relation to traditional ideas about the afterlife, that is the subject of this essay.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Integrative Dimension of Theology with Science: Syntheses and Congruences

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Ioan Dura ◽  
Ionel Mihălescu ◽  
Mihai Frățilă ◽  
Victor Cîrceie ◽  
Rubian Borcan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Number Of Components ◽  
Double Function ◽  
Theology And Science ◽  
The Relationship

If we want to define today's society in one word, trying to capture its meaning, it would be polarization. The interdependence between all social segments, articulated by globalization, has a double function: unpacking the identitary elements that enter in the structure of society (religion, politics, culture, science, etc.) and framing them in a relational dynamic. In this situation are Theology and Science, which, of course, maintain a number of components under their general names. Can we talk about a congruence between these two dimensions of human knowledge? Or they are developing completely separately and antagonistic in social progress? According to Ian G. Barbour there are four types of relation between Science and Religion: conflict, independence, dialogue, integration. This article intends to highlight the congruence between Theology and Science in the paradigm of neo-patristic synthesis , which explores in a phenomenological, theological and philosophical way the relationship between these two. Neo-patristic synthesis is a theological movement from the 20th century, generated by the initiative of the orthodox theologian G. Florovsky.

scholarly journals Initial GCS and laboratory findings of patients with TBI are associated with the GOSE and mortality rate at one year

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Paydar ◽  
Elahe Bordbar ◽  
Mehdi Taghipour ◽  
Hosseinali Khalili ◽  
Mehran Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Base Deficit ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

Background: To evaluate the relationship between presenting Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) or laboratory data of patients with TBI and Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) and final outcome (deceased, survived) at one year.Methods: 74 patients (59 males and 15 females; mean age ±SD of 40±19years) who presented with TBI were entered into the study, and their GCS and laboratory data were recorded. After one year, GOSE level and final outcome were evaluated with 11 yes/no questions obtained from the patients or their first-degree relatives.Results: The patients with lower GCS on admission or day six, significantly had lower GOSE. Moreover, the lower the GCS in the first week of admission, the poorer the final outcome. Among laboratory data, the base deficit (BD) level of -6 or worse on admission was an indicator of mortality at one year. Hypernatremia was the only laboratory factor which predicted poor GOSE after a year. Furthermore, patients with serum hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, or high PTT levels on the first week of admission had poor final outcome.Conclusions: Presenting GCS and metabolic derangements are reliable indicators of long-term outcome and GOSE at one year. 

scholarly journals What Has Science to Do with Religion? A Looming Challenge of Traditional and Religious Practices on Curbing the Spread of COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Bernard Alwala
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Theology And Science

The association between religion and science is a theme of continuous debate in philosophy and theology and recently in politics and governance as experienced in Kenya. To what degree are religion and science (e.g. medicine) well-matched? Are religious beliefs sometimes helpful to science, or do they inexorably pose hindrances to scientific inquiry? Are we able to manage COVID-19 through religion, or medicine or both medicine and prayer? The interdisciplinary field of “science and religion”, also called “theology and science”, aims at answering these and other questions. It studies historical and contemporary interactions between these fields and provides philosophical analyses of how they interrelate and is able to provide a holistic approach to combatting the corona-virus pandemic in Kenya. This paper provides an overview of the topic and discussions in science and religion; the role of spirituality/ religion in health and how traditional and religious practices may contribute to the spread of Corona-virus. Section 1, outlines the scope of both fields, and how they are intersecting; Section 2, focuses on health and spirituality and Section 3 concludes by looking at the looming challenges that religion and culture may present to the scientific directives on the spread of COVID-19 and ends by proposing strategies on community-directed programs by the Ministry of Health.

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