scholarly journals Influence of cooperative ideologies on the origin of credit societies in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (71) ◽  
pp. 579-593
Author(s):  
Vladislav Vladimirovich Nevlev ◽  
Larisa Vladimirovna Solovyova ◽  
Vladislava Igorevna Solovyova ◽  
Inna Mikhailovna Nevleva ◽  
Anastasia Vladislavovna Nevleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Credit Union ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Documentary Method ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Western Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Russian Military

The aim of the research was to examine the influence of cooperative ideologies on the origin of credit societies in Russia. The emergence of a legal framework for consumer and, later, credit cooperation in Russia came in two ways. The first formal credit union was established in 1831 by Russian military officers banished to Siberia after the December 1825 revolt. Other cooperatives were organized in a Western model by enthusiasts from the wealthy strata. Later, the history of cooperation in consumer credit before the revolution in Russia can be divided into three stages: first, 1831-1860 (before the peasant reform); second, 1861-1904 (after the peasant reform); and third, 1905-1917 (adoption of government regulations on cooperation). To solve the objective set, the authors used the documentary method close to the historical method. It is concluded that analysis of the preconditions of the first cooperative organizations in Russia shows that there were some known forms of primitive cooperation or pre-cooperation over the centuries.

Nikolay Sieber in the history of prerevolutionary Russian economic thought

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
L. D. Shirokorad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages

This article shows how representatives of various theoretical currents in economics at different times in history interpreted the efforts of Nikolay Sieber in defending and developing Marxian economic theory and assessed his legacy and role in forming the Marxist school in Russian political economy. The article defines three stages in this process: publication of Sieber’s work dedicated to the analysis of the first volume of Marx’s Das Kapital and criticism of it by Russian opponents of Marxian economic theory; assessment of Sieber’s work by the narodniks, “Legal Marxists”, Georgiy Plekhanov, and Vladimir Lenin; the decline in interest in Sieber in light of the growing tendency towards an “organic synthesis” of the theory of marginal utility and the Marxist social viewpoint.

HISTORY OF MEDICINE DEVELOPMENT IN TURKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Mamarazok Tagaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Medicine Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Russian Empire

In the article, after the conquest of the Russian Empire in the province, hospitals were opened for the Russian military and turned them into a hospital. Opened hospitals in Tashkent, Samarkand and Kattakurgan and outpatients for women and men. However,the local population, fearing doctors in uniform, did not want to contact them and turned to healers and paramedics

Frontiers of Visibility

Transfers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Torma
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Machine Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Popular Images ◽  
Cinematic Technology

This article deals with the history of underwater film and the role that increased mobility plays in the exploration of nature. Drawing on research on the exploration of the ocean, it analyzes the production of popular images of the sea. The entry of humans into the depths of the oceans in the twentieth century did not revitalize myths of mermaids but rather retold oceanic myths in a modern fashion. Three stages stand out in this evolution of diving mobility. In the 1920s and 1930s, scenes of divers walking under water were the dominant motif. From the 1940s to the 1960s, use of autonomous diving equipment led to a modern incarnation of the “mermen“ myth. From the 1950s to the 1970s, cinematic technology was able to create visions of entire oceanic ecosystems. Underwater films contributed to the period of machine-age exploration in a very particular way: they made virtual voyages of the ocean possible and thus helped to shape the current understanding of the oceans as part of Planet Earth.

Hikayat Susunan Kuning dalam Negeri Gagelang: Sebuah Tinjauan Historiografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dwi Puji Rahayu ◽  
Asep Yudha Wirajaya
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch Colonial

This study aims to present a historiographic review of the text of the Yellow Tale in the State of Gagelang (hereinafter abbreviated as HSK). This research uses the historical method. The steps used in this study are (1) heuristics; (2) criticism; and (3) historiography. The results of research on this study are known that (1) In the text HSK tells about Sunan Kuning to his descendants and various conflicts in it; (2) The history of the tumult not only describes the conflict between Java and China, but also indicates the interference of the Dutch colonial involvement in it; (3) The relevance between the HSK text and the history of Pacer commotion. The relevance is illustrated by the existence of relevant and interrelated events between the HSK text and the history of Pacer commotion. During this time, the discourse that continues to be "echoed" by the colonial side is the commotion of Chinatown is a dark history for humanity in the archipelago. In fact, the discourse continues to be reproduced when various riots erupted in the country. The discourse that is raised is always based on ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup. Thus, the presence of the HSK text is an important witness for the history of humanity on earth in the archipelago. In addition, HSK also uses the background of the banner story. It shows that history is not always written by "winners". Because the banner story is a folklore that is so closely related to the life of the Indonesian people. Therefore, a comprehensive and integral study of HSK and other historical texts is absolutely necessary to be carried out in order to reveal the true historical facts. So, Indonesian people can re-recognize the history of their ancestors, both through colonial sources and from the perspective of the nation's own historiography.

The Growth of Historical Method in Tang China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hartman ◽  
Anthony DeBlasi
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Successor State ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Official History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

This chapter discusses how the full emergence of the centralized, aristocratic state in the seventh century brought about an official historiography that was part of the bureaucracy of that state. Beginning in the Tang, each dynastic court maintained an office of historiography. Over time, a regularized process evolved that, in theory and often in reality, turned the daily production of court bureaucratic documents into an official history of the dynasty. Although this process was ongoing throughout the dynasty, the final, standard ‘dynastic history’ was usually completed after the dynasty's demise by its successor state. Indeed, the very concept of a series of dynastic histories that, taken together, would present an official history of successive, legitimate Chinese states, dates from the eleventh century.

The Problematic Text of Athenagoras of Athens’s Leg. 12.3: A Proposed Emendation

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-334
Author(s):  
Devin L. White
Keyword(s):  
Religious Epistemology ◽  
History Of Interpretation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Argument Proceeds ◽  
Text Context

This study argues that Athenagoras of Athens’s Leg. 12.3 contains a lacuna. A vital clause should be emended to read ὑπὸ µόνου δὲ παραπεµπόµενοι τοῦ τὸν ὄντως θεὸν καὶ τὸν παρ’αὐτοῦ λόγον [πνεύµατος] εἰδέναι. The argument proceeds in three stages. First, an overview of the text, context, and history of interpretation of Leg. 12.3 will demonstrate that the text contains a lacuna. Second, a brief survey of Athenagoras’s religious epistemology will argue that πνεύµατος was the most likely original word. Finally, an analysis of the Spirit’s role in Leg. 7.2-3 will demonstrate that the reconstructed text of Leg. 12.3 is consistent with Athenagoras’s pneumatology, which relied upon traditional Jewish exegesis of the creation narratives.

Legalising the Drug Wars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Collins
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Drug Regulations ◽  
Single Convention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Narcotic Drugs

Where did the regulatory underpinnings for the global drug wars come from? This book is the first fully-focused history of the 1961 UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the bedrock of the modern multilateral drug control system and the focal point of global drug regulations and prohibitions. Although far from the propagator of the drug wars, the UN enabled the creation of a uniform global legal framework to effectively legalise, or regulate, their pursuit. This book thereby answers the question of where the international legal framework for drug control came from, what state interests informed its development and how complex diplomatic negotiations resulted in the current regulatory system, binding states into an element of global policy uniformity.

Surviving Troubled Times on the Borders of China: Sheng Shicai as a Successful Warlord in Xinjiang, 1931–34

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhi Ou
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Frontier Region ◽  
Chinese Military ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Early Republican

Abstract Ethnicity, religion, and geopolitics affect historians’ interpretations of the history of Xinjiang, a very chaotic frontier region of China that did not come fully under the control of the People’s Republic of China until recent decades. The case of Sheng Shicai, an early Republican Era Chinese military officer, shows how professional training and, most importantly, the ability to capitalize on emerging opportunities contributed to his military success in Xinjiang from 1931 to 1934. This paper analyzes the Republic of China’s government documents, Sheng and his acquaintances’ memoirs, newspaper articles, and other sources to examine how Sheng applied his military training and employed regional and foreign military forces to win battles in northern Xinjiang. Professional military training helped officers to utilize their resources efficiently and take advantage of their geopolitical situations. Amid numerous talented Chinese military officers, Sheng rose in rank and successfully secured Xinjiang as a part of the Republic of China even when Xinjiang’s geopolitics seemed extremely challenging. This study highlights the value of Sheng’s military prowess, something that the literature has not previously appreciated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document