scholarly journals A Complete Ration Composed of Concentrates and Sugarcane Bagasse vs. a Conventional Ration of Pangolagrass and Supplemental Concentrates for Milk Production

1969 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Paul F. Randel ◽  
Manuel Soldevila ◽  
Blas Salas
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Comparison Period

Twenty-four grade Holstein cows, which averaged not less than 30 pounds of milk daily during a 30-day preliminary period were subjected to either of two treatments: 1, The control treatment which consisted of grazing properly managed Pangolagrass supplemented with a commercial 20-percent crude protein concentrate mixture; and 2, the experimental treatment which consisted of confining the cows and feeding them ad libitum a 15.3-percent crude protein complete ration containing 22.5- percent ground sugarcane bagasse and 77.5 percent concentrates, minerals, and vitamin supplement. The average milk production of the control and experimental cows was 42.9 and 40.1 pounds, respectively, during the preliminary period. During the comparison period the corresponding figures were 43.8 and 42.0 pounds for the first 30 days (peak lactation), 35.3 and 31.6 pounds for the remaining 175 days (declining lactation), and 36.5 and 33.1 pounds for the entire 205 days. None of these differences between treatments was significant using covariance adjustment for milk production during the preliminary period. The experimental cows consumed an average of 36.1 pounds of complete ration daily and required 1.09 pounds of feed per pound of milk produced. The average protein content of the milk produced by the experimental cows during the comparison period was significantly (P < .01) higher than that of the control cows (3.55 vs. 3.18 g./100 ml.). The average milk-fat percentages were 3.07 and 3.28, and the average milk solids-not-fat percentages were 8.33 and 8.34 under the control and experimental treatments, respectively. The control and experimental cows gained live weight at the average rates of 0.52 and 0.56 pound per day, respectively. Based on costs of $3.58 and $4.41 per 100 pounds for the complete ration and commercial concentrate, respectively, $0.34 per head per grazing day, and $7.80 income per 100 pounds of milk produced, the following economic estimates were made under the control and experimental treatments, respectively: Total daily feed costs per cow, $1.16 and $1.29; gross income from milk produced, $2.85 and $2.58; income from milk above feed costs, $1.69 and $1.29; and feed costs per 100 pounds of milk produced, $3.18 and $3.90. With respect to the productive responses, no evidence was found contrary to the null-hypothesis that the treatment under evaluation was not better than the control. The mean figures for economic return were in favor of the control treatment, though no tests of statistical significance could be made with the data available. The results emphasize the indispensability of obtaining high average milk production (at least 40 pounds per cow daily) in order to make the complete ration economically competitive.

Effects of habituation to the milking parlour on the milk production and reproductive performance of first calving Holstein-Friesian and Norwegian dairy herd replacements

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. F. Wicks ◽  
A. F. Carson ◽  
M. A. McCoy ◽  
C. S. Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Norwegian Dairy

AbstractTwenty-nine Holstein-Friesian and 20 Norwegian dairy herd replacements were used to investigate the effect of habituating heifers to the milking parlour environment prior to calving on subsequent lactational performance. The heifers commenced the study at 3 weeks prior to calving when they were allocated on the basis of breed, genetic merit and live weight to either a habituation or no habituation (control) treatment. Heifers were housed together in cubicle accommodation with grass silage offered ad libitum along with 1 kg of concentrates per head per day offered in the feeding passage (control treatment) or in the food managers in the milking parlour (habituation treatment). Animals in the habituation treatment were exposed to the full milking parlour routine once daily (afternoon milking) in a 20-point rotary herringbone parlour. Holstein-Friesian heifers averaged 2.6 kg/day more milk than the Norwegian replacements. Holstein-Friesian heifers also had higher fat and protein yields than Norwegian heifers, however they also lost more body condition during the first 3 months of lactation. Habituated heifers yielded on average 1.3 kg/day more milk (P < 0.001) than the control group of heifers over the first 100 days of lactation (26.7 v. 25.4 (s.e.d. 0.38) kg/day), with the difference being greatest in the first 2 to 3 weeks of lactation. In early lactation, animals on the habituation treatment lost more live weight (0.16 v. 0.02 (s.e.d. 0.061) kg/day) (P < 0.05) and body condition than those on the control treatment. Duration of milking was longer (P < 0.001) (378.4 v. 340.5 (s.e.d. 6.53) s) and milk flow rate slower (P < 0.001) (2.20 v. 2.46 (s.e.d. 0.041) kg/min) respectively for the habituation compared with control group. Somatic cell counts (SCC) were lower (P < 0.001) for habituation group (1.66 v. 1.79 (s.e.d. 0.037) log10SCC per ml), but there was no significant treatment effect on locomotion scores. Reproductive performance was lower for habituated heifers, with increased intervals to conception (P < 0.05) (102 v. 83 (s.e.d. 9.22) days). Habituating heifers to the milking parlour environment prior to calving increased milk production but appeared to have some detrimental effects on reproductive performance.

The effect of different levels of nutrition at two stages of the lactation on milk production and live-weight change in Friesian cows and heifers

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Strickland ◽  
W. H. Broster
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Regular Increase ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Friesian Cows

SUMMARYOver the 4 years 1965–8, a total of 105 mature Friesian cows and 84 Friesian heifers were fed various levels of nutrition at two stages of the lactation to study the effect on milk production. The experiments were carried out over a whole lactation at four Experimental Husbandry Farms, Boxworth, Bridget's, Great House and Trawsgoed. There were three treatment levels in early lactation (weeks 3–10) comprising 5·9, 7·8 or 9·8 kg D.M./day of concentrates for mature cows and 1·6 kg D.M./day less at each level for the heifers. In mid-lactation (weeks 12–18) the two lower levels of concentrates were fed arranged factorially with early-lactation levels. A basal forage ration usually of hay was fed to provide 85% of the basal maintenance requirements. During the remainder of the lactation all animals received the same level of nutrition. In addition to the pre-determined feed treatments, one further group of animals in each block was fed according to the milk production in the preceding week.Overall an increase in level of nutrition in early lactation produced a regular increase in milk production from successive increments with adult cows but only for the first increment with heifers. Raising feed level in mid-lactation increased milk production for all animals. There were considerable residual effects from early-lactation feeding but these were less with mid-lactation feeding. These same effects were also noted with yields of solids-not-fat and to a less extent in milk fat production.The experimental results indicated not only the mean effects of treatments but more important the interaction with individual animals. Study of the response of individual animals indicated that the effects of level of feeding varied in proportion to the potential of the cow. The presentation of mean results can therefore be misleading. The potential of a cow was indicated by milk production in the immediate post-calving period. This period could be used both in experimental designs for selecting animals in the allocation to experimental treatments and also in the practical context for rationing individuals or groups of cattle.The absolute plane of nutrition related to the potential of the animal was the most important factor in determining the efficiency of utilization of feed for milk production.

Biuret and urea in concentrates for milking cows

1968 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Waite ◽  
M. E. Castle ◽  
J. N. Watson ◽  
A. D. Drysdale
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Do So

SummaryTwo experiments, one with 18 and one with 21 cows, were made to compare the feeding value for milk production of concentrates in which the nitrogen normally supplied by oil cake was completely replaced by either biuret or urea. In expt 1 the urea and biuret contributed 52% of the total nitrogen in the concentrate and in expt 2 they contributed 43%. Hay was fed as the sole roughage. The estimated energy intake in expt 1 was 102–104% of the Woodman standard and in expt 2 it was 108–109%.In both experiments milk production was about 10% less on the urea and biuret treatments than on the control treatment. There was no significant difference in milk yield between the biuret and the urea treatments. The percentages of fat and protein in the milk from the urea and biuret treatments were higher than from the control treatment, but the weights of these milk constituents were slightly lower than from the control treatment. Liveweight changes and water consumption were not affected by the experimental treatments. In expt 2 an intake of nitrogen about 20% lower than is often recommended in the United Kingdom did not appear to depress milk yields. Three cows that had received biuret concentrates in expt 2 continued to do so during a nitrogen balance trial lasting 3 weeks. Each cow was slightly in negative balance, the average value being −4gN per cow per day.

scholarly journals Effect of Varying Dietary Crude Protein Level on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Milk Production, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Lactating Holstein-Friesian Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2439
Author(s):  
Constantine Bakyusa Katongole ◽  
Tianhai Yan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Friesian Cows

The effect of dietary crude protein (CP) level on intake, digestibility, milk production, and nitrogen (N) use efficiency was studied. Twenty-four Holstein-Friesian cows (17 multiparous and seven primiparous) were grouped by parity, days in milk, milk yield, and live weight into six blocks of four, and randomly assigned to four total mixed ration (TMR) treatments, containing 141, 151, 177, or 210 g CP/kg dry matter (DM), over 28 day experimental periods. Apparent total-tract DM and fiber digestibilities and milk fat composition were similar across treatments. Milk protein and urea-N compositions, and urinary and manure N excretion increased linearly, while milk N efficiency (MNE) decreased linearly with increasing CP. DM intake was highest with the 177 diet, while CP intake increased linearly with increasing CP, peaking at 200 g/kg DM. Milk yield increased with CP intake for the three lower CP levels, peaking at 176 g CP/kg DM. The further increase in CP level from 177 to 210 g/kg DM did not result in improved milk yield, but resulted in decreased milk N secretion and increased urinary N excretion. In summary, milk protein composition increased linearly with increasing CP, accompanied by a linear decrease in MNE, resulting in a bell-shaped relationship between milk yield and dietary CP level.

AN EVALUATION OF FENVALERATE (BOVAID) EARTAGS AS AN IMPROVEMENT IN FLY CONTROL METHODS FOR INCREASED MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY HERDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
I. McMILLAN ◽  
G. SURGEONER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Control Milk ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
Fly Control

A field study was conducted on 60 cooperating dairy farms in Southwestern Ontario to determine the effect of fenvalerate-impregnated (8% wt/wt) eartags (Bovaid (Registered trademark CIBA-GEIGY Canada Ltd.)) on fly control and milk production. Herds were assigned to either a tagged or control treatment. Fly counts were made on 15 randomly selected cows in each herd at approximately 2-wk intervals from July to September. Producers of control herds in this study conducted normal management practices including, in most cases, conventional fly control methods. Therefore, the comparison in this study is between the fenvalerate-impregnated tag and more conventional means of fly control. Milk production data were obtained from DHIC and Ontario Milk Marketing Board records. The use of the Bovaid tag resulted in complete control of horn flies (Haematobia irritans) and a 75% reduction in face flies (Musca autumnalis) over the test period. Milk production was not significantly affected by treatment although a 2–3% improvement was observed in treated animals. A milk production effect of 7% would be required for statistical significance (P < 0.05). Key words: Fenvalerate, ear tags, fly control, milk production

56. The Nutritive Value of Proteins for Milk Production. I. A Comparison of the Proteins of Beans, Linseed, and Meat Meal

1933 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Morris ◽  
Norman C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

The protein requirements for maintenance and milk production are based on the well-known investigations of Kellner, Armsby, Haecker, Savage and others, who recommend feeding standards varying from 0·5 to 0·;8 lb. digestible crude protein per 1000 lb. live weight for maintenance, and from 0·52 to 0·63 lb. digestible crude protein per 10 lb. milk for milk production. A detailed study of the work of these investigations shows that in many instances nitrogen equilibrium has been obtained on considerably lower planes of protein intake: but the figures have been arbitrarily raised, partly to provide a sufficient safeguard against underfeeding, and partly on the assumption that the excess food protein could exert a stimulating effect on mammary secretion. Recent investigations, particularly those of Hills and his associates (l), Perkins (2), Buschmann(3) and Savage and Harrison (4) indicate that the existing protein standards could, in fact, be considerably reduced. The above investigations have, however, been limited to a study of the quantity of protein required for maintenance and milk production, and no account has been taken of the possible effect of variations in the quality of proteins on their utilisation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of high protein feed in milk products

1970 ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
O. I. Skoromna
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Balanced Diet

Goal. Comparative evaluation of high-protein feeds in milk products by metabolic and pure lactation energy, the need for crude protein and starch with sugar for the formation of 1 liter of milk. Methods. Various systems have been developed for feed evaluation, in particular, oat feed unit - 0.6 starch equivalent, Scandinavian - 0.75 starch equivalent and French - 0.70 starch equivalent. Evaluation of feed for clean energy has not been widely used. The values of the amount of digestible nutrients are a relative measure of metabolic energy in feed. Modern methods of feed evaluation are based on the determination of metabolic and net energy of lactation and live weight gain, but these systems do not evaluate feed in milk products. Results. Highprotein feeds in milk products, in particular, soybean, sunflower and rapeseed meal, peas, lupines, vetch and fodder beans were evaluated for metabolic and pure lactation energy and the need for crude protein and starch with sugar to form 1 liter of milk at balanced cows' diets. productivity. Milk production from 1 kg of pea and vetch for crude protein is from 2 to 3.5 kg or almost 2 times more than the metabolic energy, and the net energy of lactation at the level of 2.6-2.75 liters. Extruded whole-fat soybeans are estimated at 3.19 liters of milk in terms of net lactation energy, while soybean meal with the highest crude protein content is 2.78 liters. The results of these studies indicate a large discrepancy in the milk production of one type of feed in terms of net lactation energy. Conclusions. High-protein feeds should be evaluated as part of a balanced diet in milk production for the needs of crude protein and starch with sugar for the formation of 1 liter of milk as the main criterion for their productive action.

scholarly journals Efficiency of using high-protein soybean meal in feeding broilers of cross-breed ROSS-PM3

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00102
Author(s):  
Vladimir Galkin ◽  
Natalya Vorobyova ◽  
Valentina Chichaeva
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Daily Gain

The use of high-protein soybean meal in broiler diets provided for 38 days of fattening obtaining live weight of 2,336 g, average daily gain in live weight of 60.4 g, which is higher than in the control group by 135 g and 3.5 g, respectively. The highest rates were observed in chickens that consumed compound feed with high protein soybean meal, which was characterized by a high content of crude protein (47.0%) and good protein solubility (77.8%). It is proved that the use of soybean meal with a high content of SP 47.0% versus 42.0%, increases the live weight of chickens and reduces feed costs per 1 kilo of live weight gain.

Effects of source and level of protein on milk yield and reproductive performance of high-producing primiparous and multiparous dairy cows

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bruckental ◽  
D. Drori ◽  
M. Kaim ◽  
Hanna Lehrer ◽  
Y. Folman
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
High Yield Potential

ABSTRACTNinety primiparous and 150 multiparous Israeli-Holstein dairy cows were allotted at random into three groups. One group (LSBM) was given 170 g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM). The two other groups were given 210 g CP per kg DM with the extra 40 g CP per kg DM supplied either by soya-bean meal (HSBM) or by fish meal (HFM). Roughage supplied proportionately 0·20 of the dietary DM and was maize silage with groundnut hay in the winter and wheat silage with oat grass in the summer. The primiparous and multiparous cows were offered the experimental diets for 16 and 24 weeks, respectively.Milk, milk fat and milk protein production (kg/day), for treatments LSBM, HSBM and HFM, were: 39·3, 40·0, 40·8 (P > 0·05); 1·12, 118, 1·06 (P < 0·05) and 1·21, 1·23, 1·26 (P > 0·05) for multiparous cows and 29·4, 31·2, 33·4 (P < 0·05); 0·89, 1·07, 0·93 (P < 0·01) and 0·92, 0·98, 1·05 (P < 0·05) for primiparous cows, respectively. Cows of high yield potential responded more to increasing dietary protein level than did cows of low yield potential. Average live-weight gains on treatments LSBM, HSBM and HFM were (g/day): 220, 160 and 310 (P < 0·05) in multiparous cows and 220, 170 and 230 (P < 0·05) i n primiparous cows, respectively. Pregnancy rates, 16 weeks after parturition, were 0·65, 0·52 and 0·72 (P < 0·05), in the LSBM, HSBM and HFM groups, respectively. The decrease in pregnancy rate in the HSBM cows, occurred in primiparous cows and cows in their fourth or later lactation but not in cows in their second or third lactation. The milk production of primiparous and multiparous cows in relation to the level and source of dietary CP and the utilization of energy and protein for milk production is discussed.

scholarly journals Supplementation of crossbred cows with maize and urea in tropical pasture

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1187-1193
Author(s):  
M.G. Guerra ◽  
A.S.C. Véras ◽  
M.A. Ferreira ◽  
L.P. Novaes ◽  
A.L.C. Gurgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Experimental Treatments

ABSTRACT This research article aims to evaluate the effect of total replacement of corn by soybean meal and urea on intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter and its components, production and composition of milk and feeding behavior of lactating cows grazing, with intermittent stocking Mombaça grass (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça). Twelve milking cows were distributed in a triple 4 x 4 latin square. Experimental treatments consisted of four soybean meal replacement levels by corn more urea (0; 33; 66; 100%). The grass has an average content of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of 19% and 59%, respectively. The replacement of soybean meal by corn and urea did not affect the intake and digestibility of nutrients. A linear reduction of milk production was observed, but there was no change in milk production corrected to 4.0% of fat. The milk components (g/kg) of fat, protein, lactose, and total solids were not altered, as well as feeding behavior. Under the conditions of this study, the replacement of the diets is suitable for crossbred dairy cows in lactation third medium, producing in average of 12.5 kg/day-1 when kept in quality pastures.

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