scholarly journals Performance of Cassava Cultivars in an Oxisol inNorthwestern Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
J. Badillo-Feliciano
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
East Central

Fifty-five cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) were evaluated for 3 consecutive years in a Coto clay (Oxisol) in northwestern Puerto Rico. The highest yielders, averaged over 3 years, were PI 12902, Jamaica 18, PI 9570 and PI 12003 with 34,345, 29,906, 26,845 and 24,684 kg/ha, respectively. The organoleptic evaluation reveals that all but PI 12903 were found to be acceptable. The hydrocyanic acid content among cultivars was below the moderately toxic levels, (50 p/m). These results are in line with previous work conducted in east central Puerto Rico.

scholarly journals Composition of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and the Rheological Characteristics of its Starch

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Rodríguez-Sosa ◽  
O. Parsi-Ros ◽  
M. A. González
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Toxicity Level

Proximate composition of two edible commercial varieties of cassava (M. esculenta Crantz) grown in Puerto Rico, and the rheological characteristics of their starch were determined. These included variety Pana which has a light tan skin and a dark-skinned variety known as Zenón, or Yuca Negra de Maca (Black Maca cassava), in the Dominican Republic. Proximate composition was found to be about the same for both varieties. Hydrocyanic acid content was well below the toxicity level (50 to 100 mg HCN/kg of fresh-peeled tuberous root). Although pasting temperatures were the same for both varieties (63° C), viscosity values of the starch of Pana variety were somewhat higher than those of Zenón.

Evaluation and Acceptability of Cassava Cultivars

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Oscar D. Ramírez ◽  
José J. Green ◽  
Isabel Beauchamp de Caloni
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
East Central ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Toxicity Level

On the basis of yield and organoleptic evaluation, out of 10 cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivars, IAC-12-829, IAC-Mantequeira, Jamaica 18 and Trinidad 14-56 are the most promising in this preliminary evaluation. The 10 cassava cultivars were evaluated in the hilly humid East Central region of Puerto Rico. The highest yielders were IAC 12-829, IAC-Mantequeira, Jamaica 18, and SRT-598-Sta. Catarina with 41.98, 39.24, 35.17 and 31 .13 tons/ha, respectively. Hydrocyanic acid content among cultivars was well below the toxicity level (50-100 mg/kg). The mean values ranged from 0.0 up to 22.3 mg HCN/kg of fresh peeled root. Regarding overall acceptability by the tasting panel all except Sta. Catarina cultivar were acceptable.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico X1. Cassava.

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
José Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
The Tropics

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), one of the major sources of carbohydrates throughout the tropics, was found to be very tolerant to high soil acidity in two Ultisols and one Oxisol. About 85% of maximum yields were obtained when Al saturation of the effective cation exchange capacity of the soil was around 60%, but highest yields were attained at about pH 5.3 with no exchangeable Al. Soil acidity factors did not affect the chemical composition of the cassava leaves, except for Mn, which increased with decreasing pH of the Oxisol. Tolerance of cassava to soil acidity was also confirmed by the fact that yields of 12 commercial varieties were not affected by Al saturation levels varying from 0 to 60% in an Ultisol.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yields and Nitrogen Content of Cassava, Llanera Cultivar

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
R. H. Fox ◽  
H. Talleyrand ◽  
T. W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
N Rates

Experiments were conducted on two Ultisols in the interior of Puerto Rico to determine the fertilizer N requirements of a high yielding, high root protein variety of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. Llanera) from Colombia. This variety appeared to be daylength sensitive and top growth ceased from mid November to mid-February, when days were shorter than 11 1/2 hours. At Corozal (Humatas clay), the crop was grown from mid- March to mid-December and top growth responded strongly and root growth moderately to applied N. High N rates produced low root/top ratios (.67-87) but, due to the experience at the Cidra site, it is assumed that root/top ratios would have increased to higher levels had the crop continued to grow. Apparent recovery of fertilizer N was high (68-69 percent) for the 40 and 80 kg/ha rates. At Cidra (Torres clay), where the crop grew from mid-June until the following May and was dormant for the three winter months, there was no response to N, the top yields were lower but the root/top ratios were higher (average, 1.37) and were not affected by N rates. The lack of response to N was due to the high N supplying power of this soil. The maximum root yields were 23 metric tons/ha at Corozal and 33 metric tons/ha at Cidra. Plants in the highest yielding treatments contained 125-175 kg/ha N. Assuming all N was protein N, unpeeled root protein contents averaged 3.4 percent and peeled 2.3 percent on a dry weight basis and were increased only slightly by higher N rates. The N content of the 4th and 5th fully expanded leaves 4-5 months after planting was very well correlated with final root yield at Corozal (R2 = .99 for 0-160 kg/ha N rates). It appears that a minimum of 5 percent N in these leaves 2 1/2 months after planting is necessary for maximum yields.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Kadar Asam Sianida Pada Ubi Kayu Sebelum dan Sesudah Direndam dengan Larutan NaHCO3 Konsentrasi 5, 10 dan 15% Selama 12 Jam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Nelvi Kurnia Sari ◽  
Gervacia Jenny Ratnawati ◽  
Jajar P. Syari
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Abstract: Manihot esculenta crantz containing compounds that are useful for body also contain cyanogenic glucoside compounds that are toxic or better known by the named of blue poison. To reduce cyanide levels in manihot esculenta crantz can be done by soaking in water by adding NaHCO3 or better known baking soda. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of cyanide acid content in manihot esculenta crantz before and after soaking with NaHCO3 solution concentration in 5, 10 and 15% during 12 hours. The method of determination of cyanide acid content used by ion selective electrode with 24 samples are determined by purposive sampling. While research method used in this research is quasi experiment. Based on the results of the research, the average yield rate cyanide acid of manihot esculenta crantz before soaking is 43.58 mg / kg, after soaking with 5% NaHCO3 solution during 12 hours is 15.62 mg / kg, after soaking with 10% NaHCO3 solution during 12 hours is 10.90 mg / kg, and after soaking with 15% NaHCO3 solution during 12 hours is 7.22 mg / kg. From the results the data then analyzed statistically using one way anava test obtained p = 0,000 (p <0,05) that there is a difference of cyanide acid content in manihot esculenta crantz before and after soaking with NaHCO3 solution concentration 5, 10 and 15 % For 12 hours.Abstrak: Ubi kayu mengandung senyawa yang berguna bagi tubuh dan juga mengandung senyawa glukosida sianogenik yang bersifat racun atau yang lebih dikenal dengan nama racun biru. Untuk menurunkan kadar sianida pada ubi kayu bisa dilakukan dengan cara perendaman didalam air dengan menambahkan NaHCO3 atau yang lebih dikenal dengan nama soda kue. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar asam sianida pada ubi kayu sebelum dan sesudah direndam dengan larutan NaHCO3 konsentrasi 5, 10 dan 15% selama 12 jam. Metode penetapan kadar asam sianida menggunakan elektroda selektif ion dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 24 buah yang ditentukan secara purposive sampling . Sedangkan metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental semu. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil rata-rata kadar asam sianida pada ubi kayu sebelum direndam adalah 43,58 mg/kg, sesudah direndam larutan NaHCO3 5% selama 12 jam adalah 15,62 mg/kg, sesudah direndam larutan NaHCO3 10% selama 12 jam adalah 10,90 mg/kg, dan sesudah direndam larutan NaHCO3 15% selama 12 jam adalah 7,22 mg/kg. Dari hasil tersebut data kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji anava one way diperoleh hasil p = 0,000 (p < 0,05) berarti terdapat perbedaan kadar asam sianida pada ubi kayu sebelum dan sesudah direndam dengan larutan NaHCO3 konsentrasi 5, 10 dan 15% selama 12 jam.

scholarly journals Effects of Three Harvest Intervals and Two Fertilizer Rates on the Yield and HCN Content of Ten Cynodon Cultivars

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
J. Vélez-Santiago ◽  
A. Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
S. Torres-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Ten forage grasses (Cynodon spp.), including recent introductions, and Stargrass (C. nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis) were grown in the central mountains of Puerto Rico to measure the effect of two fertilizer rates and three harvest intervals on the forage yield, crude protein yield and hydrocyanic acid content (HCN) for a 2-year period. Fertilizer treatments applied after each harvest consisted of 2.24 and 4.48 metric tons/ha/year of a 15-5-10 fertilizer. Significant differences occurred between fertilizer rates as to dry forage and crude protein yields. Number of harvests per year were 6, 8 and 12 for 30-, 45- and 60-day intervals, respectively. Significant differences occurred among cultivars and harvest intervals. Cynodon dactylon (PRPI 11504), C. plectostachyus (PRPI 11487) and C. nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis (PRPI 2341) occupied most of the top yield positions at the three harvest intervals. HCN within the cultivars ranged from 0 to 333 p/m.

scholarly journals Determining the Tolerance of Selected Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Genotypes to Drought and Salinity using Chlorophyll, Phenol and Yield as Screening Tools

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
M. B. Abiola ◽  
O. J. Oyetunji
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
And Control

Aims: To ascertain and compare the tolerance of the selected cassava (Manihot esculenta) genotypes to drought and salinity using chlorophyll, total phenolic acid content and yield attributes as the screening parameters. Study design: The design was factorial consisting of ten cassava genotypes, three treatments (and control) with six replications laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Place and duration of study: Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, between January and July, 2019. Methodology: There were a total of 240 experimental units, 60 units in each group. It was semi-field as the plants were potted, treatments controlled while still exposed to natural environmental factors such as direct sunlight, air etc. All plants were watered for 6 weeks before exposing them to the physiological stresses of drought (D), salinity (S) and their interaction (D×S). The designated plants were subjected to S by applying 100mM of NaCl solution, D by with-holding water for 2wks interval, (D×S) by combining the two stresses and the first block (the first 60 units) serve as control. Results: With respect to total chlorophyll content (TCC) at the final stage, the highest TCC was synthesized by TMEB419 (42.84 mg/g) under drought (D), IBA120008 (48.23 mg/g) and (39.80 mg/g ) under salinity (S) and under drought and salinity (D×S) respectively while the least TCC was recorded in genotypes I070593 (4.37 mg/g) under D, I920326 (21.86 mg/g) under S and I098510 (15.65 mg/g) under D×S. With respect to total phenolic acid content (TPC), the most tolerant genotype was the salt-stressed I070593 (4.201 mg/g) among all the stressed genotypes and their controls while the least tolerant was combined stressed I980581 (1.89 mg/g). With respect to tuber yield (fresh weight), cassava genotype I980581 is the most tolerant in all the stresses (174g under D, 350g under S and 224g under D×S) while the least tolerant were TMEB693 (23.97g) under D, IBA120008 (39.53g) under S and I010040 (16.80g) under D×S. Conclusion:  In conclusion, genotype I980581 is the most tolerant under all the stresses while the least tolerant were TMEB693 under D, IBA120008 under S and I010040 (D×S).

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