scholarly journals Composition of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and the Rheological Characteristics of its Starch

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Rodríguez-Sosa ◽  
O. Parsi-Ros ◽  
M. A. González
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Toxicity Level

Proximate composition of two edible commercial varieties of cassava (M. esculenta Crantz) grown in Puerto Rico, and the rheological characteristics of their starch were determined. These included variety Pana which has a light tan skin and a dark-skinned variety known as Zenón, or Yuca Negra de Maca (Black Maca cassava), in the Dominican Republic. Proximate composition was found to be about the same for both varieties. Hydrocyanic acid content was well below the toxicity level (50 to 100 mg HCN/kg of fresh-peeled tuberous root). Although pasting temperatures were the same for both varieties (63° C), viscosity values of the starch of Pana variety were somewhat higher than those of Zenón.

scholarly journals Performance of Cassava Cultivars in an Oxisol inNorthwestern Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
J. Badillo-Feliciano
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
East Central

Fifty-five cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) were evaluated for 3 consecutive years in a Coto clay (Oxisol) in northwestern Puerto Rico. The highest yielders, averaged over 3 years, were PI 12902, Jamaica 18, PI 9570 and PI 12003 with 34,345, 29,906, 26,845 and 24,684 kg/ha, respectively. The organoleptic evaluation reveals that all but PI 12903 were found to be acceptable. The hydrocyanic acid content among cultivars was below the moderately toxic levels, (50 p/m). These results are in line with previous work conducted in east central Puerto Rico.

Evaluation and Acceptability of Cassava Cultivars

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Oscar D. Ramírez ◽  
José J. Green ◽  
Isabel Beauchamp de Caloni
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
East Central ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Toxicity Level

On the basis of yield and organoleptic evaluation, out of 10 cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivars, IAC-12-829, IAC-Mantequeira, Jamaica 18 and Trinidad 14-56 are the most promising in this preliminary evaluation. The 10 cassava cultivars were evaluated in the hilly humid East Central region of Puerto Rico. The highest yielders were IAC 12-829, IAC-Mantequeira, Jamaica 18, and SRT-598-Sta. Catarina with 41.98, 39.24, 35.17 and 31 .13 tons/ha, respectively. Hydrocyanic acid content among cultivars was well below the toxicity level (50-100 mg/kg). The mean values ranged from 0.0 up to 22.3 mg HCN/kg of fresh peeled root. Regarding overall acceptability by the tasting panel all except Sta. Catarina cultivar were acceptable.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico X1. Cassava.

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
José Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
The Tropics

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), one of the major sources of carbohydrates throughout the tropics, was found to be very tolerant to high soil acidity in two Ultisols and one Oxisol. About 85% of maximum yields were obtained when Al saturation of the effective cation exchange capacity of the soil was around 60%, but highest yields were attained at about pH 5.3 with no exchangeable Al. Soil acidity factors did not affect the chemical composition of the cassava leaves, except for Mn, which increased with decreasing pH of the Oxisol. Tolerance of cassava to soil acidity was also confirmed by the fact that yields of 12 commercial varieties were not affected by Al saturation levels varying from 0 to 60% in an Ultisol.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yields and Nitrogen Content of Cassava, Llanera Cultivar

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
R. H. Fox ◽  
H. Talleyrand ◽  
T. W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
N Rates

Experiments were conducted on two Ultisols in the interior of Puerto Rico to determine the fertilizer N requirements of a high yielding, high root protein variety of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. Llanera) from Colombia. This variety appeared to be daylength sensitive and top growth ceased from mid November to mid-February, when days were shorter than 11 1/2 hours. At Corozal (Humatas clay), the crop was grown from mid- March to mid-December and top growth responded strongly and root growth moderately to applied N. High N rates produced low root/top ratios (.67-87) but, due to the experience at the Cidra site, it is assumed that root/top ratios would have increased to higher levels had the crop continued to grow. Apparent recovery of fertilizer N was high (68-69 percent) for the 40 and 80 kg/ha rates. At Cidra (Torres clay), where the crop grew from mid-June until the following May and was dormant for the three winter months, there was no response to N, the top yields were lower but the root/top ratios were higher (average, 1.37) and were not affected by N rates. The lack of response to N was due to the high N supplying power of this soil. The maximum root yields were 23 metric tons/ha at Corozal and 33 metric tons/ha at Cidra. Plants in the highest yielding treatments contained 125-175 kg/ha N. Assuming all N was protein N, unpeeled root protein contents averaged 3.4 percent and peeled 2.3 percent on a dry weight basis and were increased only slightly by higher N rates. The N content of the 4th and 5th fully expanded leaves 4-5 months after planting was very well correlated with final root yield at Corozal (R2 = .99 for 0-160 kg/ha N rates). It appears that a minimum of 5 percent N in these leaves 2 1/2 months after planting is necessary for maximum yields.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Iron Concentration of Five Nigerian Shrubs for their Prospective use in the Therapy of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Obika Ogochukwu Immaculate ◽  
Ochekwu Edache Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Medicinal herbs are commonly being used in the treatment of anemia traditionally and Jatropha tanjorensis Ellis & Saroja, Vernonia amygdalina Delile, Manihot esculenta Crantz, Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Lindau, Solanum macrocarpon L. are local shrubs mostly employed. This study aims to analyze the prospective use of some local shrubs in the therapy of Iron Deficiency Anemia. The proximate composition analysis and the iron content in leaves of the shrubs were determined following the methods of the association of official analytical chemists (A.O.A.C). The results obtained for iron concentration show Jatropha tanjorensis 3.11g/kg, Vernonia amygdalina 1.64g/kg, Manihot esculenta 0.57g/kg, Megaskepasma erythrochlamys 1.23g/kg, and Solanum macrocarpon 2.75g/kg. The range of proximate composition as; protein had Megaskepasma erythrochlamys as the lowest value 3.97% and Vernonia amygdalina as the highest value 50.64%, fat & oil content showed Jatropha tanjorensis with the highest value 1.04% and Megaskepasma erythrochlamys having the lowest value 29.77%, Fiber content showed Vernonia amygdalina has the highest value 1.81% and Solanum macrocarpon has the lowest 12.08%, the carbohydrate content showed Megaskepasma erythrochlamys as the lowest value 2.39% and Manihot esculenta as the highest value 21.02%, and the moisture content showed Manihot esculenta has the lowest value 9.98% and Megaskepasma erythrochlamys has the highest value 83.25%. All five plants have great potential for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

scholarly journals Proximate Composition of Different Parts of White Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Plant as a Ruminant Feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Binti Idris ◽  
Rosnah Shamsudin ◽  
Mohd Zuhair Mohd Nor ◽  
Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar ◽  
Siti Salwa Abd Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Ruminant Feed

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third-largest carbohydrate food source in the tropical region after rice and corn. Its flesh is used to produce foods, while the other parts of the plant are not fully exploited. This research aimed to evaluatetheproximate composition of the cassava plant (Rayong 90 variety). Six different parts namely leaf, petiole, young stem, tuber, cortex and periderm of white variety cassava plants were dried and powdered to determine their proximate composition (protein, carbohydrate, fat, crude fiber, ash, moisture). The results show that the leaf is the most nutritional compared to other parts. Leaf had 43.80% carbohydrate, 23.87% protein, 13.66% crude fiber, 6.53% ash, 6.00 % crude fat and 5.00% moisture content. The crude protein for other parts were very low, ranging from 2.54% to 10.20%. The white cassava variety plant was very high in carbohydrates, ranging from 30.48% to 86.77% of dry matter. The mean percentage of crude fat found within the range from 0% to 6.00%. From the results, it can be concluded that a leaf of white cassava variety can be used to develop a potential high carbohydrate and protein ruminant feed because it has appreciable levels of the nutrient.

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