scholarly journals Effect of sunflower head rot [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] on impurities in harvested product, and oil content and acidity.

1969 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Agüero ◽  
Víctor R. Pereyra ◽  
Alberto R. Escande
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Head Rot

The effect of sunflower head rot on impurities in the harvested product (HP), oil content (OC) and oil acidity (OA) was studied. Levels of 0,10, 20, 30, 40, 50,80 and 100% of disease incidence (Dl) were analyzed. The HP was either weighed and left untouched or it was divided into three fractions: seeds, sclerotia and other impurities. For OC and OA measurement, we analyzed samples from each Dl level composed of seeds (S), seeds and scleratia (S+Sci), seeds and other impurities (S+Ol), and untouched original samples (S+Sct+Ol). Disease incidence significantly affected the composition of the harvested product. At greater Dl levels, seed percentage went down and impurities rose. Sclerotia were the most abundant impurities. With 100% Dl, seed represented 65% and sclerotia 25% of the HP. At greater Dl ievels, OC went down and OA rose. Content of seeds in the HP defined OC. Sclerotia content was the main reason for the increase in OA. At 100% Dl, S+Scl samples yielded 31% Jess OC and 53% more OA than the S samples. Key words: sunflower, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, oil content, oil acidity

SCLEROTINIA HEAD ROT IN SAFFLOWER: ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE AND EFFECTS ON YIELD AND OIL CONTENT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. -H. MÜNDEL ◽  
H. C. HUANG ◽  
G. C. KOZUB
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Head Rot

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 to screen 20 lines of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for resistance to head rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Plots were artificially infested with sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum at seeding and irrigated during the growing season to maintain adequate moisture for carpogenic germination of sclerotia and production of apothecia. The reaction of each line to S. sclerotiorum was similar for the 2 years. Severity of head rot varied significantly among the 20 lines tested, ranging from 6% for Lesaf 34C-OO to 62% for Gila in 1982 and from 0.3% for Lesaf 34C-OO to 31% for PCA in 1983. Level of resistance was not related to the level of maturity of the lines. Yield losses ranged from 81 kg/ha for Lesaf 34C-OO to 678 kg/ha for Gila in 1982 and from 14 kg/ha for Lesaf 34C-OO to 935 kg/ha for PCA in 1983. Healthy plants averaged 4.4% more oil in the seed than did the corresponding parental lines. This study has demonstrated the possibility of developing early maturing safflower lines resistance to sclerotinia head rot for production on the Canadian Prairies.Key words: Carthamus tinctorius, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

scholarly journals Yield and Seed Quality of Soybean Cultivars Infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 826-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Hoffman ◽  
G. L. Hartman ◽  
D. S. Mueller ◽  
R. A. Leitz ◽  
C. D. Nickell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Central Illinois

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is one of the most important diseases of soybean in the United States. Five maturity group III cultivars, Asgrow A3304 STS (A3304), Pioneer Brand 9342 (P9342), Pioneer Brand 9381 (P9381), Probst, and Yale, grown in fields in east-central Illinois, were used to determine the relationship of SSR incidence to yield, 100-seed weight, seed protein and oil content, visual seed quality, and seed germination. In addition, the number of sclerotia in seed samples and the seedborne incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were determined. For each cultivar, at least 23 two-row plots, 3 m long, that represented a range of SSR incidence from low to high, were used to count the number of plants with and without SSR stem symptoms and were used to estimate yields and evaluate seed quality. Disease incidence ranged from 2 to 45% for Probst, 0 to 65% for P9381, 0 to 68% for P9342, 1 to 93% for Yale, and 0 to 95% for A3304. Regression of yields on SSR incidences for each cultivar was significant (P < 0.05); for every 10% increase in SSR incidence, yields were reduced by 147, 194, 203, 254, and 263 kg/ha for Probst, A3304, P9342, Yale, and P9381, respectively. Disease incidence was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with seed germination for all cultivars but Probst, and to oil content and seed weight for P9381 and Yale. Disease incidence was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with seed quality for all cultivars and to the number of sclerotia in harvested seeds for P9342, P9381, and Probst. The seedborne incidence of S. sclerotiorum was 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.7% in A3304, P9381, Yale, Probst, and P9342, respectively, and represents a significant potential for further spread of this pathogen and disease.

Differences in the reaction of sunflower hybrids to sclerotinia wilt

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Rashid ◽  
W. Dedio
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Healthy Control

Commercial sunflower hybrids were evaluated from 1988 to 1990 for their reaction to sclerotinia wilt in naturally infested fields in southern Manitoba. Significant differences in disease incidence were recorded between sunflower hybrids which ranged from 8 to 33%, with some hybrids consistently showing < 10% infected plants. The disease incidence was consistently low in some hybrids indicating genetic resistance to sclerotinia. The effects of sclerotinia wilt on yield, kernel density, kernel weight and oil content of 16 selected sunflower hybrids were also assessed for 3 yr. The yield was reduced drastically in diseased plots, especially in 1988 and 1990, and ranged from 16 to 43% of the healthy control plots. The low reduction in yield, in some hybrids, under natural disease infestation indicated that these hybrids were tolerant to the disease. Sclerotinia wilt significantly reduced the kernel density by 2–14% in different hybrids. Kernel weight was generally increased by up to 18% in diseased plots. Oil content was reduced by 4–9% in the sclerotinia-infected plots but differences were nonsignificant between hybrids.Key words: Helianthus annuus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, sclerotinia wilt, yield, kernel weight, kernel density, oil content

Effect of transplanting date on the fatty acid composition, oil content and yield of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) seed

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Roy ◽  
Peter H. White ◽  
Alex F. More ◽  
John G. Hendel ◽  
Robert Pocs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Linolenic Acid Content ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
One Year

The influence of transplanting time on the growth of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) was investigated for 3 yr. Delaying transplanting reduced the yield of seed in two of these years. The amount of oil in the seed was not influenced by time of transplanting, and only in one year did the γ-linolenic acid content of the oil decrease with delays in transplanting. Key words: Evening primrose, transplanting date, oil content, γ-linolenic acid

scholarly journals Favorable Bioactivity of the SDHI Fungicide Benzovindiflupyr Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Mycelial Growth, Sclerotial Production, and Myceliogenic and Carpogenic Germination of Sclerotia

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 1613-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-ping Huang ◽  
Jian Luo ◽  
Yu-fei Song ◽  
Bei-xing Li ◽  
Wei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Alternative Product ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
New Generation

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which can cause Sclerotinia stem rot, is a prevalent plant pathogen. This study aims to evaluate the application potential of benzovindiflupyr, a new generation of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), against S. sclerotiorum. In our study, 181 isolates collected from different crops (including eggplant [n = 34], cucumber [n = 27], tomato [n = 29], pepper [n = 35], pumpkin [n = 32], and kidney bean [n = 25]) in China were used to establish baseline sensitivity to benzovindiflupyr. The frequency distribution of the 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of benzovindiflupyr was a unimodal curve, with mean EC50 values of 0.0260 ± 0.011 μg/ml, and no significant differences in mean EC50 existed among the various crops (P > 0.99). Benzovindiflupyr can effectively inhibit mycelial growth, sclerotial production, sclerotial shape, and myceliogenic and carpogenic germination of the sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum. In addition, benzovindiflupyr showed good systemic translocation in eggplant. Using benzovindiflupyr at 100 μg/ml yielded efficacies of 71.3 and 80.5% for transverse activity and cross-layer activity, respectively, which were higher than those of acropetal and basipetal treatments (43.6 and 44.7%, respectively). Greenhouse experiments were then carried out at two experimental sites for verification. Applying benzovindiflupyr at 200 g a.i. ha−1 significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity of Sclerotinia stem rot. Overall, the results demonstrated that benzovindiflupyr is a potential alternative product to control Sclerotinia stem rot.

AC Morgan Oat

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Kibite ◽  
James G. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Desirable Feature ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Milling Yield ◽  
High Test

AC Morgan is a high-yielding spring oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar developed by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, Lacombe, Alberta and released in 1999. It is described as a medium maturing cultivar with strong straw, plump kernels, high test weight, high protein content, low hull content and high milling yield. It also has low oil content, which is a desirable feature in milling oat cultivars. AC Morgan is well adapted to Alberta and the rust-free areas of Saskatchewan. Key words: Avena sativa, oat (spring), cultivar description

The potential of mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss) as an edible oil crop on the Canadian Prairies

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Woods ◽  
J. J. Capcara ◽  
R. K. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Oil Crop

The performance of mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss) was compared with that of canola (B. napus L. and B. rapa L.) on the western prairies. Mustard had a higher yield and protein content and was intermediate in maturity. Improvement in oil content will probably be required. Key words: Mustard, Brassica juncea, edible oil crop

Association of sunflower achene color with other achene characters and bird preference

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Dedio
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Kernel Content ◽  
Color Association

The association of achene color with other achene characters and bird preference was investigated in segregates of a striped Yugoslavian line NS 39 and in 12 crosses of various genotypes. In the NS 39 segregates, the strongest association of achene color was with kernel content (r = 0.606), bird preference (r = 0.610) and achene oil (r = 0.445). Birds preferred lines with darker achene color which in turn was linked with higher oil and nutmeat content. In the crosses of various genotypes, achene color was strongly associated with achene oil content in segregates of two grey × black achene color crosses (r = 0.436 and 0.292) and in segregates of anthocyanin-containing × black achene color cross (r = 0.419). Key words: Sunflower, color association, achene characters, bird preference, achene oil, nutmeat anthocyanin

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