scholarly journals Life cycle and control of the Asian lime swallowtail, Papilio demoleus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): A new invasive pest in Puerto Rico.

1969 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Alejandro E. Segarra-Carmona ◽  
Irma Cabrera-Asencio ◽  
Luisa E. Flores-López ◽  
Luis Morales-Collado
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Papilio Demoleus

The arrival of the invasive Asian lime swallowtail, Papilio demoleus L., in Puerto Rico has prompted the need for a better understanding of its life cycle, and its control options under local citrus-producing conditions. Our results show that P. demoleus has a life cycle of approximately 30 days. From oviposition, eggs hatch in three days. Larval instar durations are 3, 2, 3, 3, and 5 d for larval stages 1 to 5, respectively. Pupal stage lasts approximately 12 days. Head capsule measurements for instars 1 to 4 are similar in males and females. Last instar females tend to be larger than males. Our data suggest that 12 or more generations are possible under local conditions. Acute stomach toxicity tests on third instar larvae indicate that spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis subs, kurstaki cause 100% mortality in most concentrations tested. Other insecticides were not effective. Possible advantages of using these products are discussed in light of initiatives to use reduced risk pesticides and biologically-based pesticides.

scholarly journals Notes on the Life Cycle of the Tobacco Hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera; Sphingidae), in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Rafael Inglés Casanova ◽  
Silverio Medina Gaud
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Tobacco Hornworm ◽  
Head Capsule Width ◽  
Leaf Consumption

The life cycle of the sphingid moth, Manduca sexta (L.), the tobacco hornworm, was investigated in Puerto Rico. Descriptions of the stages, including measurements of the egg (length and width), larva (length and head capsule width), pupa (length), and the duration of each of the stages are given. The estimated leaf consumption by each larval instar, a list of known host plants, and the natural enemies known to occur in Puerto Rico are included.

scholarly journals Breaking the rule: Five larval instars in the podonomine midge Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin from Barrow, Alaska

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec R. Lackmann ◽  
Malcolm G. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Standard Life ◽  
Capsule Size

Except for one unconfirmed case, chironomid larvae have been reported to pass through four larval instars between egg and pupal stages. We have observed a fifth larval instar to be a standard life-cycle feature of the podonomine Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin 1966 in tundra ponds on the Arctic Coastal Plain near Barrow, Alaska. T. alaskensis has a one-year life cycle in these arctic ponds. Adults emerge in June ~2-3 weeks after pond thaw, then mate and oviposit; most newly-hatched larvae reach instar IV by October when pond sediments freeze. Overwintering larvae complete instar IV within a few days of thaw, then molt again to a fifth larval instar. Imaginal discs, normally seen only during instar IV in Chironomidae, develop across both instars IV & V prior to pupation and adult emergence. While monitoring larval development post-thaw in 2014, we noticed freshly-molted T. alaskensis larval exuviae a week or more prior to any pupation by that species. In 2015-16 we reared overwintering instar IV larvae from single pond sources, individually with daily monitoring, through molts to instar V, pupa, and adult. Some overwintering instar II and III larvae were reared as well, but were few in number. During 2016 we also reared T. alaskensis progeny (from eggs) through instar II, thus documenting head capsule size ranges for all five instars in a single pond’s population. Without individual rearings, the fifth larval instar was not readily apparent for two reasons: 1) The molt itself occurs immediately after thaw and is so synchronous it is difficult to discern in daily field samples. 2) The head capsule size increment between instars IV-V is much lower than the ratio predicted by the Brooks-Dyar Rule. Up through instar IV, the Brooks-Dyar ratio for T. alaskensis ranged 1.30-1.61, but during the IV-V molt head capsule dimensions (sexes pooled) increased by a ratio of 1.09 – comparable to the magnitude of sexual dimorphism in head capsule size within each of the final two larval instars. Individual rearings coupled with 2014-2016 field surveys in nine other ponds suggest that five larval instars is an obligatory trait of this species at this location. As this is the first confirmed case of five larval instars in a chironomid, the phylogenetic uniqueness of this trait needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Effect of Leaves and Fruits Ethanolic Extract of Duranta repens on Mosquito Culex pipens pipens

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Biological Performance

The study aimes to investigate the effects of leaves & fruits ethanolic extract of Duranta repens L. on biological performance for all stages of life cycle of the mosquito Culex pipiens piepiens L., For this purpose the mosquitoes were reared in the laboratory till the fourth generation .Different concentrations of leaves (800,1000,1200,1400ppm) and fruits (800,1000,1200ppm) were tested on (eggs,larval stages,pupal stages and the adult stages). The results revealed that the extracts gave highest mortality rate for the eggs at(100%) compared with control,fruits extract shown highest mortality rate of the four larval instars (100%)at 1200ppm compared with leave extract at(80,50,33.33,20%).Also the extract caused a high mortality rate for pupal stage compared with fruits extract at(76.66,53.33%)respectively.Also ethanolic extract caused a 83.33,76.66% for male &femail. Developmental deformation was observed.. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicate that the leaves &fruits extracts of Duranta repens L., , can be widely and effectively used in the control of mosquito.

Determination of Larval Instars of Semanotus bifasciatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Based on Frequency Distributions of Morphological Variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-415
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Yongxin Geng ◽  
Danfeng Wei ◽  
Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Mandible Length ◽  
Morphological Variables

Abstract Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the most destructive pests of Platycladus trees in China. Morphological measurements, such as head capsule (HC) width, can be very useful and practical indicators for identifying larval instars of coleopteran species. In this study, six morphological variables, including HC width, pronotum width, mandible length and width, and body length and width were measured to determine the instars of field-collected larvae of S. bifasciatus. Both the HC width and pronotum width were reliable parameters for determining the instar and stage. Larvae of S. bifasciatus were divided into eight instars; we detected strong relationships between larval instar and both the HC width (R2 = 0.9640) and pronotum width (R2 = 0.9549). The ranges of body widths and lengths for each instar are provided as reference values for distinguishing among larval stages in field investigations.

scholarly journals Immature Stages and Life Cycle of the Wasp Moth,Cosmosoma auge(Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) under Laboratory Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gunnary León-Finalé ◽  
Alejandro Barro
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
New Host ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Arctiid Moth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cuban Population

Cosmosoma auge(Linnaeus 1767) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is a Neotropical arctiid moth common in Cuban mountainous areas; however, its life cycle remains unknown. In this work,C. augelife cycle is described for the first time; also, immature stages are described using a Cuban population. Larvae were obtained from gravid wild females caught in Viñales National Park and were fed with fresh leaves of its host plant, the climbing hempweedMikania micranthaKunth (Asterales: Asteraceae), which is a new host plant record. Eggs are hemispherical and hatching occurred five days after laying. Larval period had six instars and lasted between 20 and 22 days. First and last larval stages are easily distinguishable from others. First stage has body covered by chalazae and last stage has body covered by verrucae as other stages but has a tuft on each side of A1 and A7. Eggs and larvae features agree with Arctiinae pattern. Pupal stage lasted eight days, and, in general, females emerge before males as a result of pupal stage duration differences between sexes.

Life history and larval density of Cheumatopsyche digitata Mosely (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in Opa Reservoir spillway, Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
SYLVESTER OGBOGU ◽  
WILLIAMS ADU
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Head Capsule Width ◽  
Site Density

The life history and density of Cheumatopsyche digitata Mosely (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) were examined below Opa Reservoir in Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria. This caddisfly is the only species that occurs immediately below the impoundment auxiliary spillway where it closely associates with an aquatic bryophyte, Fontinalis sp. We collected larvae every month between July 2004 and June 2005 as long as larvae were available in the study site. The instar growth ratio was fairly constant and ranged from 1.198 to 1.402 (mean ± standard error = 1.285 ± 0.073) but mean head capsule width increased with larval development. The frequency distribution of head capsule width of larvae clustered into 5 size classes, suggesting 5 larval instars for C. digitata in the study site. Density of larvae ranged from 1,100 to 11,150 inds.m-2 (mean ± SE = 6739  inds.m-2 ± 3904.70), the highest densities occurring in October 2004 during the bloom of Fontinalis. The first larval instar appeared in July 2004. Adult emergence occurred mainly in December 2004 through January 2005 at the onset of reservoir draw-down and death of Fontinalis. These patterns indicate that C. digitata tended to show a univoltine life cycle in the study site.

scholarly journals Life cycle of Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Carlos Rosario ◽  
Carlos Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Head Capsule Width ◽  
Larval Length

The life cycle of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), the worst pest of cabbage in Puerto Rico, was studied. Description of the stages, including measurements of the larva (body length and head capsule width), and duration of the stages are given. The average duration in days of the egg, larva, prepupa, pupa and adult was 3, 11.7 (4 instars), 1, 3.6 and 11.1, respectively. Larval length and head capsule width in mm for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar was 1.2, 2.1, 3.7, 7.0 and 0.15, 0.24, .40, 0.56, respectively.

Coelomomyces infection of the adult female mosquito Aedes trivittatus (Coquillett) in Manitoba

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1215-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Taylor ◽  
J. A. Harlos ◽  
R. A. Brust
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Female Mosquito ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Fourth Larval Instar ◽  
Infected Adult ◽  
Adult Female Mosquito

Adult females of Aedes trivittatus collected near Winnipeg, Manitoba, were found to be infected with a Coelomomyces sp. The level of infection, as expressed by the formation of sporangia within the haemocoel of the adult, was as high as 56% in blood-fed female mosquitoes. No sporangia were found in females or males that were fed only carbohydrates. Mature sporangia were visible through the abdominal wall of the infected adult at time of death. None of the infected females was able to reproduce. Coelomomyces infection was found to be initiated during the fourth larval instar and (or) pupal stage in artificial pools. Two species of copepods were present in the pools; however, the role of these organisms in the life cycle of the Coelomomyces sp. is not known at this time.

THE NUMBER OF LARVAL STAGES OF THYMELICUS LINEOLA (LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIIDAE) IN EASTERN CANADA

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 1293-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy N. McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Head Capsule Width ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Erroneous Interpretation

AbstractUsing Dyar’s Law the number of larval stages in the life cycle of the European skipper, Thymelicus lineola, was determined in Quebec (1974, 1975, 1976), Ontario (1976), and Prince Edward Island (1976). In all regions five larval stages were observed, as in Europe, and not six as previously reported in Ontario. Apparently in this latter case an erroneous interpretation of the significant differences existing between the sexes (relating to head capsule width and developmental time) resulted in male and female fifth stage larvae being considered as fifth and sixth stages respectively.

Westward Palaearctic range expansion of Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) and its arrival at Mediterranean coastal regions of Turkey and Syria

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
Onat Başbay ◽  
Mudar Salimeh ◽  
Eddie John
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Invasive Pest Species ◽  
Papilio Demoleus

We review the continuing and extensive spread of Papilio demoleus in south-eastern Turkey and in regions of Turkey and Syria adjacent to the north-eastern Mediterranean. Since the authors documented the arrival of this attractive but potentially destructive papilionid species at coastal areas of Syria in 2019, regular monitoring has confirmed successful overwintering there, as well as in Turkey. As previously indicated, P. demoleus is widely recognized as an invasive pest species in Citrus-growing areas of the world and hence its arrival is of potential economic importance to a region in which citrus is widely grown.

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