scholarly journals A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Gasoline Blending with Different Oxygenates in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil M. Chaudhari ◽  
Rohit B. Meshram
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
Ethanol Addition ◽  
Acidification Potential ◽  
Human Toxicity Potential ◽  
Abiotic Depletion Potential ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Natural Gas Reforming ◽  
Depletion Potential

This paper includes a cradle-to-gate life cycle impact evaluation of gasoline blends in India. The potential environmental impacts of gasoline blends with three major components, i.e., methanol, ethanol, and n-butanol are assessed. The production of methanol from the natural gas reforming process, ethanol from hydrogenation with nitric acid, and n-butanol from the oxo process are considered in the current study. The results show that the gasoline blending with methanol has the lowest impact (11 categories) and is nearly constant from 5 to 15%. For gasoline with ethanol as an additive, the global warming potential, ozone depletion potential, and abiotic depletion potential rise with increasing ethanol addition. Meanwhile, increasing ethanol addition reduces the acidification potential and terrestric ecotoxicity potential impact of gasoline blends. Similarly, gasoline with n-butanol as an additive has higher acidification potential, eutrophication potential, human toxicity potential, terrestric ecotoxicity potential, marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential, and photochemical ozone creation potential compared to methanol and ethanol.

scholarly journals Kajian Dampak Lingkungan pada Sistem Produksi Listrik dari Limbah Buah Menggunakan Life Cycle Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajar Marendra ◽  
Anggun Rahmada ◽  
Agus Prasetya ◽  
Rochim Bakti Cahyono ◽  
Teguh Ariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Acidification Potential ◽  
Human Toxicity Potential

A B S T R A C TProducing biogas by anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising process that can simultaneously provide renewable energy and dispose solid waste safely. However, this process could affect environment e.g. due to greenhouse gas emissions. By life cycle assessment (LCA), we assessed the environmental impact (EI) of an integrated fruit waste-based biogas system and its subsystems of Biogas Power Plant Gamping. Data were collected from an actual plant in Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia that adopted a wet AD process at mesophilic condition. The results showed that the global warming potential (GWP) emission of the system reached 81.95 kgCO2-eq/t, and the acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), human toxicity potential (HTPinf) and fresh water ecotoxicity (FAETPinf) emissions were low. The EI was mainly generated by two subsystems, namely, the electricity generation and the digestate storage. A comparison analysis showed that the GWP become the main contributor of environmental loads produced by Biogas Plant Gamping, Suazhou Biogas Model, Opatokun Biogas Model, Opatokun Pyrolisis Model, dan Opatokun Integrated System Anaerobic Digestion and Pyrolisis. The GWP impact control and reduction could significantly reduce the EI of the system. It has been shown that improving the technology of the process, the electricity generation and the digestate storage will result in the reduction of EI of the biogas system.Keywords: environmental impact; fruit waste; life cycle assessment (LCA); renewable energyA B S T R A KProduksi listrik dari biogas dengan anaerobic digestion (AD) merupakan proses yang menjanjikan karena dapat menghasilkan energi listrik dan penanganan limbah padat dengan aman. Namun, proses ini mempengaruhi lingkungan akibat emisi gas rumah kaca. Penilaian dampak lingkungan (environmental impact atau EI) sistem biogas berbasis limbah terpadu dan subsistemnya terhadap Biogas Power Plant Gamping (BPG) dilakukan dengan metode life cycle assesement atau LCA. Data dikumpulkan dari plant yang sebenarnya di Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia yang mengadopsi proses AD basah pada kondisi mesofilik. Potensi pemanasan global (global warming potential atau GWP) dari sistem mencapai 81,95 kgCO2-eq/t, sedangkan potensi keasaman (acidification potential atau AP), potensi eutrofikasi (eutrophication potential atau EP), potensi toksisitas manusia (human toxicity potential atau HTPinf) dan ekotoksisitas air (fresh water ecotoxicity atau FAETPinf) potensi emisinya cukup rendah. Potensi EI terutama dihasilkan oleh dua subsistem, yaitu, pembangkit listrik dan penyimpanan digestate. Analisis perbandingan menunjukkan bahwa dampak GWP menjadi kontributor utama dari beban lingkungan yang dihasilkan oleh Biogas Plant Gamping, biogas model Suazhou, biogas model Opatokun, model pirolisis Opatokun, serta model integrasi AD dan pirolisis Opatokun. Pengendalian dan pengurangan dampak GWP secara signifikan dapat mengurangi EI dari sistem. Telah terbukti bahwa peningkatkan teknologi proses, pembangkit listrik dan penyimpanan digestate akan menghasilkan pengurangan EI dari sistem biogas.Kata kunci: dampak lingkungan; energi terbarukan; life cycle assessment (LCA); limbah buah

scholarly journals Penilaian Dampak Lingkungan Industri Tahu Menggunakan Life Cycle Assessment (Studi Kasus: Pabrik Tahu Sari Murni Kampung Krajan, Surakarta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvis Umbu Lolo ◽  
Richardus Indra Gunawan ◽  
Agerippa Yanuranda Krismani ◽  
Yonathan Suryo Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
Human Toxicity Potential ◽  
Efficient Consumption ◽  
Do So

The problem faced by the tofu industry is waste management. So, it is necessary to do so that tofu waste does not pollute the environment by managing waste and emissions, efficient consumption of energy, materials, andwater. One way to identify environmental pollution is by Life Cycle Assessment. This study uses the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The LCA flow in this study is to determine goals and scopes, create inventory data, make grouping impacts and how much impact they generate, as well as interpreting to provide improvements. The functional unit in this study is 1 kg of tofu which is produced in 1 day. The results of this study were divided into five impact categories, namely, climate change, the most important being 2195 kg CO2, human toxicity potential at 2187 kg 1,4-Dikchloro benzene, eutrophication at 0.935 kg PO4, photo oxidant at 0.797 kg C2H4, and acidification at 15,915 kg. SO2. The recommended improvement alternative is to make efforts to use water efficiently during the tofu production process, including the need to clean the scale in the steam boiler to increase the volume of steam produced, so that the use of water and energy is more efficient.

A Study on the Deduction of Major Construction Wastes in Construction Phase through Environmental Impact Assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 1070-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakh Yun Kim ◽  
Sung Ho Tae ◽  
Seung Jun Roh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Acidification Potential ◽  
Abiotic Depletion Potential ◽  
Construction Works ◽  
Depletion Potential

The purpose of this study was to deduce the major construction wastes to be managed using environmental impact assessment for construction wastes generated in the construction phase. To accomplish this, the amount of construction waste discharged in the construction phase was analyzed using loss rate and weight conversion factor in the Standard of Estimate for Construction Works. Based on the result of construction waste generation deduced, major construction wastes were extracted with consideration on 6 comprehensive environmental impacts including potential, abiotic depletion potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion potential, and photochemical ozone creation potential. As a result, 5 major building materials such as concrete, concrete block, rebar, cement and polystyrene panel were deduced as major cpmstruction wastes in construction phase.

Environmental Assessment of Buildings Constructed by Modern Methods of Construction

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Mackova ◽  
Marcela Spisakova ◽  
Mária Kozlovská ◽  
Jozef Svajlenka
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Acidification Potential ◽  
Cradle To Gate

Currently, we are witnessing the significant impact of industrial activity on the environment. A recent study shows that construction is the third largest industry sector in terms of environmental pollution. One option to reduce these negative effects is environmental assessment of buildings, as well as the used building materials. One of the most comprehensive environmental assessment methods is LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), which includes the assessment of impacts within mode ”Cradle-to-gate” which is focused on assessment of a partial product life cycle from resource extraction (cradle) to the factory gate (i.e., before it is transported to the consumer). The aim of this paper is a comparison of the environmental impact of selected material variants applied within modern methods of construction. The comparison will be processed through the results of the case study containing three material variants of family houses construction in term of three selected parameters - embodied energy, global warming potential and acidification potential.

scholarly journals Analysis of Life Cycle Environmental Impact of Recycled Aggregate

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Jun Park ◽  
Taehyoung Kim ◽  
Seungjun Roh ◽  
Rakhyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Natural Aggregate ◽  
Acidification Potential ◽  
Biotic Resource ◽  
Light Weight Aggregate ◽  
Ozone Depletion Potential ◽  
Depletion Potential

This study assessed the influence of matter discharged during the production (dry/wet) of recycled aggregate on global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), ozone depletion potential (ODP), biotic resource depletion potential (ADP), photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) using the ISO 14044 (LCA) standard. The LCIA of dry recycled aggregate was 2.94 × 10−2 kg-CO2eq/kg, 2.93 × 10−5 kg-SO2eq/kg, 5.44 × 10−6 kg-PO43eq/kg, 4.70 × 10−10 kg-CFC11eq/kg, 1.25 × 10−5 kg-C2H4eq/kg, and 1.60 × 10−5 kg-Antimonyeq/kg, respectively. The environmental impact of recycled aggregate (wet) was up to 16~40% higher compared with recycled aggregate (dry); the amount of energy used by impact crushers while producing wet recycled aggregate was the main cause for this result. The environmental impact of using recycled aggregate was found to be up to twice as high as that of using natural aggregate, largely due to the greater simplicity of production of natural aggregate requiring less energy. However, ADP was approximately 20 times higher in the use of natural aggregate because doing so depletes natural resources, whereas recycled aggregate is recycled from existing construction waste. Among the life cycle impacts assessment of recycled aggregate, GWP was lower than for artificial light-weight aggregate but greater than for slag aggregate.

scholarly journals Multi-criteria analysis of ten single family houses regarding environmental impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 00065
Author(s):  
Andrea Moňoková ◽  
Silvia Vilčeková
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Abiotic Depletion Potential ◽  
Abiotic Depletion ◽  
Depletion Potential

This study presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of ten single family houses located in Eastern Slovakia with the aim to compare them in terms of the materials and technologies used. The main goal is to investigate and emphasize the reduction rate of environmental impact resulting from using green materials and technologies. Environmental impacts are determined by using eToolLCD software. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) categories of global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication and photochemical ozone creation potential, as well as abiotic depletion potential - elements, abiotic depletion potential - fossil fuels, use of renewable primary energy resources, net use of fresh water, components for reuse and materials for recycling are determined within the cradle-to-grave boundary. Assessed family houses are built as a combination of conventional materials such as aerated concrete blocks, expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS) and roofing mineral wool and natural materials such as wood, cellulose, clay, straw and extensive vegetation roofs. Multi-criteria decision analysis points out that material optimization of building structures as well as the application of green technologies can ensure a considerable reduction of environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Grid-Integrated Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Northern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Abubakar Jumare ◽  
Ramchandra Bhandari ◽  
Abdellatif Zerga
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depletion Potential

Life cycle assessment is a crucial tool in evaluating systems performances for sustainability and decision-making. This paper provided environmental impact of integrating renewable energy systems to the utility-grid based on a baseline optimized energy production data from “HOMER” for renewable systems modelling of a site in northern Nigeria. The ultimate goal was to ascertain the best hybrid option(s) in sustaining the environment. Different assumptions and scenarios were modelled and simulated using Ganzleitlichen Bilanz (GaBi). Uncertainty analysis was ensured to the impact data based on pedigree-matrix and Excel-program, as well as overall policy relevance. The results of the impact categories revealed first scenario (i.e., conventional path-based) with the highest impacts on global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), human toxicity potential (HTP), and abiotic depletion potential (ADPfossils). The lowest impacts arise in the renewable-based scenarios for all the considered categories except the Ozone-layer depletion potential Category where the highest contribution falls in the third scenario (i.e., photovoltaic (PV)/biomass-biogas system) although all values being infinitesimal. In quantitative terms, the reduction in the GWP from the highest being the first scenario to the lowest being the fourth scenario (i.e., wind/biomass-biogas system) was 96.5%. Hence, with the outstanding contributions of the hybrid renewable systems, adopting them especially the lowest impact scenarios with expansions is relevant for environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Ammonia-Based Electricity

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6721
Author(s):  
Andrea J. Boero ◽  
Kevin Kardux ◽  
Marina Kovaleva ◽  
Daniel A. Salas ◽  
Jacco Mooijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Environmental Profile ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Ozone Depletion Potential ◽  
Depletion Potential

In recent years, several researchers have studied the potential use of ammonia (NH3) as an energy vector, focused on the techno-economic advantages and challenges for full global deployment. The use of ammonia as fuel is seen as a strategy to support decarbonization; however, to confirm the sustainability of the shift to ammonia as fuel in thermal engines, a study of the environmental profile is needed. This paper aims to assess the environmental life cycle impacts of ammonia-based electricity generated in a combined heat and power cycle for different ammonia production pathways. A cradle-to-gate assessment was developed for both ammonia production and ammonia-based electricity generation. The results show that electrolysis-based ammonia from renewable and nuclear energy have a better profile in terms of global warming potential (0.09–0.70 t CO2-eq/t NH3), fossil depletion potential (3.62–213.56 kg oil-eq/t NH3), and ozone depletion potential (0.001–0.082 g CFC-11-eq/t NH3). In addition, surplus heat for district or industrial applications offsets some of the environmental burden, such as a more than 29% reduction in carbon footprint. In general, ammonia-based combined heat and power production presents a favorable environmental profile, for example, the carbon footprint ranges from −0.480 to 0.003 kg CO2-eq/kWh.

scholarly journals STUDI KOMPARASI PENGGUNAAN KUNYIT DENGAN IRADIATOR SEBAGAI PENGAWET TAHU DENGAN PENDEKATAN LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Kartini Megasari ◽  
Rahmawati Yunita ◽  
Deni Swantomo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Ecotoxicity ◽  
Acidification Potential ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Potential Climate Change

STUDI KOMPARASI PENGGUNAAN KUNYIT DENGAN IRADIATOR SEBAGAI PENGAWET TAHU DENGAN PENDEKATAN LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT. Kontaminasi mikroba pada makanan menimbulkan masalah selama penyimpanan, pengangkutan, dan pemasaran. Dalam mengatasi masalah ini dilakukan pengawetan terhadap makanan, beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan yaitu pengawetan secara konvensional dan iradiasi. Dalam penerapannya, teknik pengawetan makanan secara konvensional dan iradiasi memiliki kelemahan, sehingga perlu dilakukan studi komparasi menggunakan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Salah satu produk pangan yang dapat dilakukan studi LCA adalah tahu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan dan membandingkan dampak lingkungan yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan kunyit dengan iradiator sebagai pengawet tahu dengan pendekatan LCA. LCA dilakukan dengan menggunakan software OpenLCA dengan unit fungsional 41,8335 kg tahu. Data produksi tahu diperoleh dari produsen tahu yang berbasis di Kotagede Yogyakarta dan PAIR BATAN untuk data pengawetan tahu menggunakan iradiator. Sistem batas LCA mulai dari proses pembuatan tahu sampai menjadi produk jadi (cradle to gate). Dampak lingkungan yang disebabkan dari pengawetan tahu menggunakan kunyit maupun iradiator berupa acidification potential, climate change, eutrophication, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, dan terrestial ecotoxicity. Kontribusi dampak terhadap lingkungan yang paling dominan terjadi pada pengawetan tahu menggunakan kunyit dan iradiator adalah climate change, dengan kontribusi sebesar 16,67136 dan 14,51325 kg CO2 eq. Berdasarkan studi komparasi yang telah dilakukan, pengawetan tahu menggunakan iradiator lebih ramah lingkungan, sehingga teknologi pengawetan ini dapat dijadikan teknologi alternatif pengawetan makanan.

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