RELEVANCE OF LINGUISTIC RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF LAW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelena Valeryevna Cherkasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Close Interaction ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Human Social Evolution ◽  
Language And Law

Language and law are phenomena that have emerged in the course of human social evolution and are "fundamental to human existence". The nature of their relationship within society has long been of concern to both linguists and legal scholars in terms of rhetoric, oratory, style, and terminology. This article examines the emerging socially significant problems that can only be solved in close interaction between linguistics and law. Thus, in the 20th century, it became necessary to create new language versions of existing legislation. It was possible to solve legal problems in close cooperation with linguists, which helped to strengthen ties between the two branches of science.

New research frameworks in the study of chimpanzee and gorilla sociality and communication

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam G. B. Roberts ◽  
Anna Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Social Evolution ◽  
Research Frameworks ◽  
New Research ◽  
Large Groups

Group size in primates is strongly correlated with brain size, but exactly what makes larger groups more ‘socially complex’ than smaller groups is still poorly understood. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) are among our closest living relatives and are excellent model species to investigate patterns of sociality and social complexity in primates, and to inform models of human social evolution. The aim of this paper is to propose new research frameworks, particularly the use of social network analysis, to examine how social structure differs in small, medium and large groups of chimpanzees and gorillas, to explore what makes larger groups more socially complex than smaller groups. Given a fission-fusion system is likely to have characterised hominins, a comparison of the social complexity involved in fission-fusion and more stable social systems is likely to provide important new insights into human social evolution

Dream-Sharing and Human Self-Domestication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Blagrove ◽  
Julia Lockheart
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Human Social Evolution ◽  
Dream Sharing ◽  
Experimental Findings

There are many theories of the function of dreams, such as memory consolidation, emotion processing, threat simulation and social simulation. In general, such theories hold that the function of dreams occurs within sleep; occurs for unrecalled dreams as well as for dream that are recalled on awakening; and that conscious recall of dreams is not necessary for their function to occur. In contrast, we propose that dreams have an effect of enhancing empathy and group bonding when dreams are shared and discussed with others. We propose also that this effect would have occurred in history and pre-history and, as it would have enhanced the cohesiveness and mutual understanding of group members, the fictional and engaging characteristics of dream content would have been selected for during human social evolution, interacting with cultural practices of dream-sharing. Such dream-sharing may have taken advantage of the long REM periods that occur for biological reasons near the end of the night. Dream-production and dream-sharing may have developed alongside story-telling, utilising common neural mechanisms. Dream-sharing hence would have contributed to Human Self-Domestication, held by many researchers to be the primary driver of the evolution of human prosociality, tolerance and reduced intragroup emotional reactivity. We note that within-sleep theories of dream function rely on correlational rather than experimental findings, and have as yet untested and speculative mechanisms, whereas post-sleep effects of dream-sharing are easily testable and have mechanisms congruent with the social processes proposed by the theory of Human Self-Domestication.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF LAPAROSCOPIC INTERVENTIONS OR IS IT POSSIBLE TO PRESENTLY PREDICT THE FUTURE?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
M. Gresko ◽  
A. Gresko
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Endoscopic Treatment ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
High Level

The main stages of formation of endoscopic surgery are analyzed in chronological sequence. It is shown that the development of surgical technologies at the end of 20th century was due to the fruitful work of individual surgeons, who, in close cooperation with engineers, "broke" the classic vision of the development of surgery of their colleagues. Their talent and persistence in the introduction of new therapies tended to reduce the traumaticity of the various methods of diagnosis and treatment and made it possible to perform high-tech surgeries with a high level of rehabilitation. Since 1992, endoscopic techniques have become widely used in hospitals in different cities of Ukraine and in 1996 were introduced in Bukovyna. Bukovynian surgeons continue to improve the methods of endoscopic treatment of patients, keeping in mind that this is the key to the progress of treatment and the prevention of intra - and postoperative complications. 

LEXICO-SEMANTIC AND STYLISTIC IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VALUES IN ADMINISTRATIVE DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
YANKINA ELENA V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Fundamental Categories ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
The Relationship

This article is devoted to identifying and describing the main lexical-semantic and stylistic ways of implementing the values in dialogical communication of the basic pair "manager-subordinate". The paper describes the fundamental categories of axiology "value" and "evaluation", also shows the relationship between values and evaluation. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the anthropocentric approach of modern linguistic research, as well as by the existing need to supplement with one more descriptive fragment of the world value picture with the linguistic analysis of the actualized values in administrative discourse. The identification of the main lexical-semantic and stylistic ways of implementing values is carried out on the basis of dialogical communication between the manager and subordinates, examples of which are taken from the colloquial speech, as well as Russian fiction of the second half of the 20th century. In the study the author concludes that in the administrative discourse, values as well as anti-values (as opposition) are lexically actualized by means of certain nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, and also adverbs. As for the stylistic ways of actualizing values, we include interrogative, exclamatory sentences, anaphora, and imperative among them.

The cognitive science of souls: Clarifications and extensions of the evolutionary model

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse M. Bering
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Intelligent Design ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Cognitive System ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Human Social Evolution ◽  
Insight Into

The commentaries are a promising sign that a research programme on the cognitive science of souls will continue to move toward empirical and theoretical rigor. Most of the commentators agree that beliefs in personal immortality, in the intelligent design of souls, and in the symbolic meaning of natural events can provide new insight into human social evolution. In this response I clarify and extend the evolutionary model, further emphasizing the adaptiveness of the cognitive system that underlies these beliefs.

scholarly journals Male cooperation for breeding opportunities contributes to the evolution of multilevel societies

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1863) ◽  
pp. 20171480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Guang Qi ◽  
Kang Huang ◽  
Gu Fang ◽  
Cyril C. Grueter ◽  
Derek W. Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Social Evolution ◽  
Male Bonds ◽  
Multilevel Societies ◽  
Insight Into

A small number of primate species including snub-nosed monkeys (colobines), geladas (papionins) and humans live in multilevel societies (MLSs), in which multiple one-male polygamous units (OMUs) coexist to form a band, and non-breeding males associate in bachelor groups. Phylogenetic reconstructions indicate that the papionin MLS appears to have evolved through internal fissioning of large mixed-sex groups, whereas the colobine MLS evolved through the aggregation of small, isolated OMUs. However, how agonistic males maintain tolerance under intensive competition over limited breeding opportunities remains unclear. Using a combination of behavioural analysis, satellite telemetry and genetic data, we quantified the social network of males in a bachelor group of golden snub-nosed monkeys. The results show a strong effect of kinship on social bonds among bachelors. Their interactions ranged from cooperation to agonism, and were regulated by access to mating partners. We suggest that an ‘arms race’ between breeding males' collective defence against usurpation attempts by bachelor males and bachelor males' aggregative offence to obtain reproductive opportunities has selected for larger group size on both sides. The results provide insight into the role that kin selection plays in shaping inter-male cohesion which facilities the evolution of multilevel societies. These findings have implications for understanding human social evolution, as male–male bonds are a hallmark of small- and large-scale human societies.

scholarly journals A prímszámok könyve

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix Visy
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Prime Numbers ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Definition Of

The self-definition of Szilárd Borbély’s only novel – limited fiction based on biographical elements – makes biographical and referential readings possible, thus we can interpret the text as the novel of 20th century poverty and traumatised childhood. However, the aspects of interpretation are concerned with the methods of fiction, the existential and metaphysical questions of the book: the child narrator’s tone offers the vision of a childhood rolling in an eternal present. This, together with the amnesia that interweaves the whole text, suggests a hopeless state of being. The feelings of otherness and solitariness, the signs of the absurdity of waiting for a Messiah and the representation of misery expand to an antrophological stance. New meanings can be attributed to the image of desperate human existence by the motif of prime numbers. The novels of Péter Esterházy, Sándor Tar and Tibor Noé Kiss are also discussed in connection with the representation of poverty and teodicea.

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