scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTI-BACTERIAL PROSPECTIVE OF MRITYUNJAYA RASA ON SALMONELLA TYPHI WITH DIFFERENT ANUPANA

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-548
Author(s):  
Abhishek 1
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Bacterial Action ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Body Ache

Introduction: Vishama Jwara, characterised by persisting fever with various intensities, diarrhoea and body ache, can be correlated with Typhoid fever where causative organism is mentioned as Salmonella typhi. Target towards specific micro-organisms can be achieved by administering the drug with selective Anupana. In Jwara it is mentioned to administer Mrityunjaya Rasa along with various Anupana like Madhu, Aardraka Swarasa, and Jeeraka Kashaya with Guda. Though Mrityunjaya Rasa along with Anupana Jeeraka Kashaya and Guda is indicated in Vishama Jwara, extent of susceptibility of Salmonella typhi may change with selective Anupana. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the Anti-bacterial action of Mrityunjaya Rasa on Salmonella typhi (M1), Mrityunjaya Rasa with Madhu anupana (M2), Mri-tyunjaya Rasa with Aardraka Swarasa anupana (M3), Mrityunjaya Rasa with Jeeraka kashaya & Guda anupana (M4). Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at S.D.M. Centre for Research in Ayur-veda and Allied Sciences, Udupi by opting well diffusion method on Salmonella typhi. Results: The results showed that Sample M1 (test) Mrityunjaya Rasa and sample M3 (test) Mrityunjaya Rasa with Aardraka Swarasa Anupana exhibited nil activity against bacteria Salmonella typhi. Sample M2 (test) Mrityunjaya Rasa with Madhu anupana exhibited activity in three concentrations while sample M4 (test) Mrityunjaya Rasa with Jeeraka Kashaya and Guda anupana exhibited activity in higher concentration only. Conclu-sion: Mrityunjaya Rasa with Madhu as Anupana possesses Jwaraghna and Krimighna action, if Salmonel-la typhi is taken into consideration. So, by comparing with other Anupana, it can be concluded that Madhu is proved better Anupana to be administered with Drug Mrityunjaya Rasa as it exhibited activity in lower concentration too.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol dan Fraksi Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) terhadap Salmonella typhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Achmad Syarifudin Noor ◽  
Bawon Triatmoko ◽  
Nuri Nuri
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Zone Diameter

The leaves of kenikir are known to have many benefits, one of which can be used as medicine. Kenikir leaves are reported to have antibacterial activity against the bacteria Salmonella typhi (S.typhi). S. typhi is a bacterium that causes typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is still an endemic disease in Asian countries, especially Indonesia. Typhoid fever became the third largest disease in Indonesia in 2010. The study related to the antibacterial activity of kenikir leaf fraction to S. typhi has never been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research related to the antibacterial activity of extracts and leaf fractions of kenikir to compare their potential against S. typhi. The study was conducted using the disk diffusion method using 5 series of concentrations namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%. Tests were carried out on methanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction. The results showed that highest inhibition zone diameter is 7,75 mm which is reached by methanol extract. The order of the highest inhibiting zone diameter are extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIFITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG JAMBU MONYET (Bellucia pentamera Naudin) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Salmonella typhi

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Priandi ◽  
Fathul Yusro ◽  
Farah Diba ◽  
Yeni Mariani ◽  
. Nurhaida
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media

People still use plants as a medicine to overcome a disease, because it is easily to obtain and relatively does not provide significant negative effects. One of the plants utilized by the people is Bellucia pentamera Naudin (B. pentamera). Diarrhea and typhoid fever are diseases that often assault Indonesian people. The bacterias were used in this study were Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial effectiveness of B. pentamera bark extracts against E. coli and S. typhi, by Kirby-Bauer diffusion method with PCA as the media. The highest extract concentration against E. coli is 400 mg/ml possess an inhibition of 20±1 mm, and towards S. typhi is 80 mg/ml which possess an inhibition of 24.67±0,58 mm.Keywords: Bellucia pentamera, Disc Diffussion, Efectiveness, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Some Herbal Extracts for the Treatment of Typhoid Fever Sold in Okitipupa Town, Ondo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
I. A. Adeyemo ◽  
◽  
C. O. Omolade
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Herbal Mixture ◽  
Plant Parts

The study investigated and compared the antimicrobial potency of aqueous (cold and hot) and ethanolic extracts of six plant parts used as herbal mixture against clinical isolate of Salmonella typhi in Okitipupa town. Extracts from six plant parts used as herbal mixture were tested for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi isolated from patients suffering from typhoid fever. The antibacterial activities of each of the extracts (ethanolic, cold and hot waters) were determined using agar diffusion method and the activities produced zone of inhibition ranging from 20mm-34mm. Ethanolic extract was found to be more potent being capable of exerting significant inhibitory activity on the test organism investigated with an inhibition zone of 34mm followed by the cold-water extract (28mm) while hot water extract gave the least (20mm). The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, glucosinolates and triterpenes in the extracts but total absence of proteins. The study confirms the medicinal value of herbal mixtures and justifies the claim of its local use in health remedies for typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi. There is the need therefore to develop effective combination of antimicrobial agents in purified form from higher plants and their parts for clinical trials. Keywords: Herbal mixture, antibacterial activity, typhoid fever, phytochemical analysis.

scholarly journals Comparison of Sensitivity of Salmonella Typhi Bacteria Isolate Tifoid Fever Patients And Pure Culture To Some Antibiotics In Laboratory

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Norma Farizah Fahmi ◽  
Lelly Aprilia Vidayati ◽  
Hamimmatus Zainiyah ◽  
Nailufar Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Microbiological Laboratory ◽  
Pure Cultures

Typhoid fever is one of the infectious diseases which can cause many problems in Indonesia and other developing countries. This fever occurs as a result of infections triggered by Salmonella typhi bacteria. The growth of Salmonella typhi can be inhibited using antibiotics. This study aims at investigating whether there is a difference in the sensitivity test of  Salmonella typhi bacteria in an isolate of patients with typhoid fever and pure culture in a laboratory on some antibiotics.Salmonella typhi bacteria were isolated typhoid fever suspects at one of the hospitals in Surakarta. Pure cultures of Salmonella typhi bacteria were obtained from Microbiological Laboratory of Setia Budi University. Sensitivity test of antibiotics on Salmonella typhi bacteria used diffusion method. Data on antibiotics of inhibition zone diameter (mm) of antibiotics were analyzed statistically using the Two-Way Anova test.The research results demonstrate that the sensitivity test on Salmonella typhi bacteria in an isolate of patients with typhoid fever shows resistance (R) towards amoxicillin and sensitivity (S) towards trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin. Meanwhile, pure culture shows sensitivity (S) towards trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the patient isolate is smaller than that of pure culture.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella Typhi Isolated From a Referral Hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863612110563
Author(s):  
Saroj Khadka ◽  
Basudha Shrestha ◽  
Anil Pokhrel ◽  
Sachin Khadka ◽  
Rajesh Dhoj Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
First Line ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Purpose: The morbidity and mortality due to typhoid fever can be significantly reduced with the use of effective antibiotics. At present, fluoroquinolones, third generation cephalosporins, and azithromycin are widely used to treat typhoid fever. However, changing antibiotic susceptibility among Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi poses a particular challenge to the therapeutic management of enteric fever. The objective of this study was to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella Typhi isolates. Patients and Methods: A total of 706 blood specimens were collected from febrile patients attending the outpatient department of Kathmandu Model Hospital during June to September, 2018. The antibiotic susceptibility testing for 11 different antibiotics (nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, azithromycin, cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol, and amoxicillin) was performed by disk diffusion method. Furthermore, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and azithromycin were determined by agar dilution method. Mutation at gyrA ser83 associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones was determined by PCR-RFLP. Results: Out of 706 blood samples, 6.94% (n = 49) were culture positive for Salmonella enterica (S. Typhi, n = 46). It was revealed that 97.8% S. Typhi isolates were susceptible to conventional first-line antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole), 97.3% to cephalosporins and 95.7% to azithromycin. S. Typhi were either resistant or intermediately susceptible to fluoroquinolones: 97.8% to ciprofloxacin, 91.3% to ofloxacin, and 89.1% to levofloxacin. The MIC of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and azithromycin for S. Typhi ranged from 0.008 to 32, 0.03 to 16, and 2 to 8 μg/mL, respectively. Out of 46 S. Typhi isolates, 44 (95.65%) had gyrA ser83 mutation. Conclusion: Fluoroquinolones have poor activity against Salmonella Typhi. The trends of increasing azithromycin MIC value among S. Typhi might limit its use for the treatment of typhoid fever. Effectiveness of conventional first-line antibiotics in vitro suggests considering their clinical use after large-scale studies.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Stool Culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Atiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Background: Resistance of S. typhi to a number of antibiotics has become a serious public health problem. Drug resistant S. typhi has been reported as early as 1972 in Mexico and been observed in other countries like Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam, Korea, Peru and India. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in Ibn Sina Microbiology laboratory, Sylhet during the period from May 2012 to September 2013 to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella typhi (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi) isolated by stool culture from clinically suspected typhoid fever patients. Stool samples were collected in clean widemouthed plastic container from 249 patients, who attended Ibn Sina Hospital, irrespective of age. The specimens were cultured on Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA), MacConkey agar (MAC) and Xylose-Lysine-Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar media. Laboratory isolation and identification of Salmonella typhi (S.typhi) were done using standard morphological and biochemical methods. Isolates identified as S typhi were differentiated from other Salmonella species using Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar. Antimicrobial resistance of each isolate was determined by the Modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar using commercially available discs following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The panel of antimicrobials included were amikacin (30?g), azithromycin (15?g), cefixime (5?g), ceftriaxone (30?g), ciprofloxacin (5?g), chloramphenicol (30?), co-trimoxazole (1.25/23.75?g), imipenem (10?g), levofloxacin (5?g) and tetracycline (30?g). Result: Out of 249 stool specimens investigated, only 35(14.06%) isolates of S.typhi were recovered. Among 35 positive samples 19(54.29%) were adult and 16(46.71%) were children. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that the resistance rates of S.typhi were 97.14% for cotrimoxazole, 95.29% for azithromycin, 91.43% for cefixime, 85.71% for tetracycline, 77.14% for ciprofloxacin and 68.57 % for ceftriaxone, respectively. Increased sensitivity was reported for imipenem (88.57%), amikacin (77.14%), chloramphenicol (65.71%) and levofloxacin (42.86%). Conclusion: Of the 35 isolates of S. typhi, none was susceptible to all of the antibiotics. We therefore face the imminent prospect of encountering untreatable typhoid fever in the near future due to multi-drug resistance pattern of isolates observed in this study. Further studies with large number of specimens are highly recommended to validate the present study and to monitor microbial trends and antimicrobial resistance patterns in other parts of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22876 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 26-30

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Eel (Anguilla spp.) Mucus against Salmonella typhi

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomy Nurtamin ◽  
Resty Yulianita Nurman ◽  
Indria Hafizah
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Fish Mucus ◽  
Vitro Test

BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever has become one global health problem. Typhoid fever is caused by a Gram-negative bacterium, Salmonella typhi. Eel (Anguilla spp.) is a fish which lives in the sea or in freshwater. Several previous studies have found that Anguilla spp. mucus has the ability as antibacterial against Gram-positive and negative. Although the antibacterial activity of Anguilla spp. against various pathogens had been reported, very little is known about its activity against Salmonella typhi. The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial activity of Anguilla spp. mucus against Salmonella typhi bacteria.METHODS: Present study was an experimental in vitro test. Antibacterial activity assays were carried out by the disc diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was determined by the clear zone formed around the paper disc and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by observing the lowest concentration which could inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi.RESULTS: Result of the present study showed that the Anguilla spp. mucus has inhibitory effects against Salmonella typhi. Minimum inhibitory concentration from the Anguilla spp. mucus was 12.5%.CONCLUSION: Anguilla spp. mucus has antibacterial activity against the Salmonella typhi bacteria.KEYWORDS: eel fish mucus, Anguilla spp., antibacterial activity, Salmonella typhi

scholarly journals Stool shedding of Salmonella Typhi in children with blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
M. Srinivasan ◽  
S. Giri ◽  
S. Kulandaipalayam Natarajan ◽  
N. Kumar ◽  
V.R. Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi

scholarly journals The Bacteriological Examinations of the Faeces in Four Cases of Typhoid Fever, made at frequent intervals for a period of one month

1924 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard P. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Large Numbers

1. The appearance and disappearance of typhoid bacilli in the faeces in these four cases bore no relation to changes in the diet nor to the physical state of the stools, but the later they appeared the shorter was the duration of their appearance.On the disappearance of typhoid bacilli from the stools the intestinal flora tended to become more simple.2. B. coli was the only organism invariably present at every examination.3. Streptococci were very much more abundant in the earlier stages of the disease, when milk formed the greater part of the diet, than in the later stages.4. In two cases where boils occurred on the body the causative organism had previously been isolated in large numbers from the faeces.5. With stools slightly alkaline to litmus the flora in these cases was relatively simple and fermentative in type. There is no apparent advantage, therefore, in giving a high carbohydrate diet except in cases of marked alkalinity and putrefaction.

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