Comparison of Sensitivity of Salmonella Typhi Bacteria Isolate Tifoid Fever Patients And Pure Culture To Some Antibiotics In Laboratory

Typhoid fever is one of the infectious diseases which can cause many problems in Indonesia and other developing countries. This fever occurs as a result of infections triggered by Salmonella typhi bacteria. The growth of Salmonella typhi can be inhibited using antibiotics. This study aims at investigating whether there is a difference in the sensitivity test of Salmonella typhi bacteria in an isolate of patients with typhoid fever and pure culture in a laboratory on some antibiotics.Salmonella typhi bacteria were isolated typhoid fever suspects at one of the hospitals in Surakarta. Pure cultures of Salmonella typhi bacteria were obtained from Microbiological Laboratory of Setia Budi University. Sensitivity test of antibiotics on Salmonella typhi bacteria used diffusion method. Data on antibiotics of inhibition zone diameter (mm) of antibiotics were analyzed statistically using the Two-Way Anova test.The research results demonstrate that the sensitivity test on Salmonella typhi bacteria in an isolate of patients with typhoid fever shows resistance (R) towards amoxicillin and sensitivity (S) towards trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin. Meanwhile, pure culture shows sensitivity (S) towards trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the patient isolate is smaller than that of pure culture.

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Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol dan Fraksi Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) terhadap Salmonella typhi

Pustaka Kesehatan ◽

10.19184/pk.v8i3.13008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 177

Author(s):

Achmad Syarifudin Noor ◽

Bawon Triatmoko ◽

Nuri Nuri

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Water Fraction ◽

Zone Diameter

The leaves of kenikir are known to have many benefits, one of which can be used as medicine. Kenikir leaves are reported to have antibacterial activity against the bacteria Salmonella typhi (S.typhi). S. typhi is a bacterium that causes typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is still an endemic disease in Asian countries, especially Indonesia. Typhoid fever became the third largest disease in Indonesia in 2010. The study related to the antibacterial activity of kenikir leaf fraction to S. typhi has never been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research related to the antibacterial activity of extracts and leaf fractions of kenikir to compare their potential against S. typhi. The study was conducted using the disk diffusion method using 5 series of concentrations namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%. Tests were carried out on methanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction. The results showed that highest inhibition zone diameter is 7,75 mm which is reached by methanol extract. The order of the highest inhibiting zone diameter are extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction.

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Antifungal and growths regulation activity of new metal-organic compounds

Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv ◽

10.7124/visnyk.utgis.16.2.1051 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 143-149

Author(s):

O. V. Bashta ◽

L. P. Pasichnyk ◽

N. M. Voloshchuk ◽

G. G. Repich ◽

O. O. Zholob ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Copper Complex ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Chelate Complexes ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Metal Organic

The aim of present paper is to study the antifungal activity of the new platinum, palladium and copper chelate complexes with different organic ligands against Fusarium strains and to determine the influence of these compounds on the germination energy and seed germination of investigated grain crops. Methods. In vitro antifungal activities of new chelate complexes were studied by the agar disk diffusion method. New complexes were tested against pathogenic Fusarium strains such as — F. culmorum 3260/4, F. verticillioides and F. sporotrichioides. The toxic effect of new complexes was evaluated according to changes in germination power and seed germination of grain crops — winter wheat, vernal barley and maize. The determination of these characteristics was carried out in accordance with the standard demands. Results. Our results revealed that palladium complex H exhibited fungicidal activity against F. culmorum 3260/4 and fungistatic activity against F. verticillioides with growth inhibition zone diameter 25 mm ad 20 mm respectively. Copper complex 2 showed a moderate fungicidal effect against F. culmorum 3260/4 strain (inhibition zone diameter 12 mm). The treatment of grain crops seeds with the H and 2 complexes demonstrated the less toxicity than standard agent — commercial fungicide tebuconazol. These complexes had also less negative influence on the germination power for all test cultures than tebuconazol. Copper complex 2 showed a noticeable growth promoting effect on studied seeds compared to seeds under conditions without treatment. Conclusions. Thus, the studied complexes can be considered as promising antifungal agents with growth regulating properties. The directional modification of the complexes to obtain the more potent derivatives will be performed.Keywords: metal-organic compounds, antifungal, growths regulation activity.

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Culture proven Salmonella typhi co-infection in a child with Dengue fever: a case report

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.5230 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (09) ◽

pp. 1033-1035 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rangan Srinivasaraghavan ◽

Parameswaran Narayanan ◽

Thandapani Kanimozhi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Case Report ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Infectious Agents ◽

Dengue Outbreak ◽

Concurrent Infections

Infectious diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Sometimes concurrent infections with multiple infectious agents may occur in one patient, which make the diagnosis and management a challenging task. The authors here present a case of co-infection of typhoid fever with dengue fever in a ten-year-old child and discuss the pertinent issues. The authors emphasize that the risk factors predicting the presence of such co-infections, if developed, will be immensely useful in areas where dengue outbreak occurs in the background of high transmission of endemic infections.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) TERHADAP Salmonella typhi dan Escherichia coli

JFL : Jurnal Farmasi Lampung ◽

10.37090/jfl.v10i1.496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nofita Nofita ◽

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Agar Diffusion ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) was a typical plant of Kalimantan. Empirically dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) used by the comunity to treat skin infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of dayak onion power against Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli bacteria. The highest concentration used was 100%, and the lowest concentration was 0,5%. As a control of cloramfenikol for Salmonella typhi and ciprofloxacin for Escherichia coli bacteria. This research method used agar diffusion. The results showed the ethanol extract of dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and phenols with the highest levels was by tannins at 7,45%. Dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) are inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)of 1% with a inhibition zone diameter of 6,24 mm and 0,9% with a inhibition zone diameter of 6,20 mm at Escherichia coli bacteria.Keywords : Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Agar diffusion, MIC

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UJI EFEKTIVITAS DAUN PANDAN WANGI (PANDANUS AMARYLLIFOLIUS ROXB.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP SALMONELLA TYPHI

BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan) ◽

10.31289/biolink.v6i1.2218 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Priska Nancy Claudia Bali ◽

Ahmad Raif ◽

Setia Budi Tarigan

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Pandanus Amaryllifolius ◽

Positive Controls

Pandanus amaryllifolius roxb leaves commonly used as food dditives which contain various compound groups namely alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids and tannins that have a role in antibacterial activity. This research is indicated to support the success of antibacterial in fragrant pandanus leaf plants against Salmonella typhi, one of the pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial effectiveness test of ethanol-ethyl acetate extract (1: 1) of pandanus leaves which evaluated by the Kirby-bauer method and making the extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. The results showed that pandanus leaves extract had antibacterial effectiveness against Salmonella typhi with an average inhibition zone diameter of 11.6 mm; 14 mm; 14.3 mm; 15.3 mm; positive controls (Ciprofloxacin) 27 mm; and negative controls (aquadest) didn’t produce the inhibition zone of Salmonella typhi.

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Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Potential of the Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of the Leaf, Stem and Root of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae)

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research ◽

10.25258/phyto.v9i2.8064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ugwoke C E C ◽

Orji J. ◽

Anze S P G ◽

Ilodibia C V

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Chromolaena Odorata

Background: Plants contain secondary metabolites or phytochemicals, which when consumed by humans give therapeutic effect. This study therefore analyzed the phytochemical composition of Chromolaena odorata so as to give an idea of its possible pharmacological potentials. An antimicrobial assay was also carried out to verify claims on its use in the treatment of infectious diseases. Methods: The experimental procedure involved collection of the leaf, stem and root of the plant from the wild, authenticating the samples and drying under shade to facilitate pulverization. Preliminary qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were done using standard methods to reveal the presence and percentage composition of basic phytochemicals. The powder was also macerated in ethanol and water to produce ethanol and aqueous crude extracts that were reconstituted in normal saline to concentrations (mg/ml) of 150, 100, 75 and 50. Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were screened for sensitivity to the extracts using the agar well diffusion method. Results: The plant parts contain alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, and sterols at varying concentrations. The leaf however had highest concentration of almost all phytochemicals present. The antimicrobial activity of the plant was concentrationdependent in all parts of the plant and both extracts. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were most susceptible while Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli were least susceptible with an average Inhibition Zone Diameter (IZD) of about 8 – 10 mm. Conclusion: The substantial quantity of the basic phytochemicals in Chromolaena odorata could render it a utility plant in therapeutic use. Due to the profound antimicrobial effect as revealed by the IZDs, the plant could be classified as a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. Thus, the claim on its potency in treatment of infectious diseases by traditional medical practitioners could be said to be justified.

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UJI EFEKTIFITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG JAMBU MONYET (Bellucia pentamera Naudin) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Salmonella typhi

Jurnal TENGKAWANG ◽

10.26418/jt.v9i1.33635 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farid Priandi ◽

Fathul Yusro ◽

Farah Diba ◽

Yeni Mariani ◽

. Nurhaida

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Negative Effects ◽

E Coli ◽

Extract Concentration ◽

The People ◽

The Media

People still use plants as a medicine to overcome a disease, because it is easily to obtain and relatively does not provide significant negative effects. One of the plants utilized by the people is Bellucia pentamera Naudin (B. pentamera). Diarrhea and typhoid fever are diseases that often assault Indonesian people. The bacterias were used in this study were Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial effectiveness of B. pentamera bark extracts against E. coli and S. typhi, by Kirby-Bauer diffusion method with PCA as the media. The highest extract concentration against E. coli is 400 mg/ml possess an inhibition of 20±1 mm, and towards S. typhi is 80 mg/ml which possess an inhibition of 24.67±0,58 mm.Keywords: Bellucia pentamera, Disc Diffussion, Efectiveness, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi.

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY FOR MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE (MDR) BACTERIA BYSEA CUCUMBER Stichopus vastus EXTRACT FROM KARIMUNJAWA ISLANDS – INDONESIA

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v9i2.19302 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 695-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Delianis Pringgenies ◽

Ali Ridlo ◽

Nerva Sembiring

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Sensitivity Test ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Bacterial Sensitivity

The study aims to explore the antibacterial activity of Stichopus vastus against pathogenic MDR bacteria. Analysis of samples of sea cucumbers included extraction, fractionation, and analysis of bacterial sensitivity test Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), the extraction process is carried out by solid-liquid extraction method. Fractionation was done with Open-Column Chromatography (OCC). Sensitivity test of bacteria was done using an agar diffusion method according to the Kirby-Bauer (Ref). The study revealed that from 5 species MDR bacteria, which are Coagulant negative stapylococi (CNS), E. coli, Enterobacter 5, Klebsiella sp. dan Pseudomonas sp. There are two MDR bacteria had the most sensitive responses by the extract of sea cucumber, which were Enterobacter-5 and Klebsiella sp. The two bacteria were tested against five bioactive fractions obtained from OCC. Fraction criteria-2 had the highest antibacterial activity against Enterobacter-5 and Klebsiella sp, with serial concentration of 20 µg ∙ disc–1, 40 µg. disc–1 and 80 µg. disc–1. Largest inhibition zone were obtained from 80 µg. disc–1 againts the two bacteria were (14.73 ± 0.48) mm and (11.22 ± 0.85) mm respectively. GC-MS Analysis revealed that fraction criteria-2 had (or consisted of) cyclohexhane, ethanol, butanoic and pentanoic acids. Keywords: antibacterial activity, multi drug resistance (MDR), sea cucumber, Stichopus vastus

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Antibacterial Activity of Some Herbal Extracts for the Treatment of Typhoid Fever Sold in Okitipupa Town, Ondo State, Nigeria

UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) ◽

10.47430/ujmr.2161.011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 86-90

Author(s):

I. A. Adeyemo ◽

◽

C. O. Omolade

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Test Organism ◽

Water Extract ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Hot Water ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Herbal Mixture ◽

Plant Parts

The study investigated and compared the antimicrobial potency of aqueous (cold and hot) and ethanolic extracts of six plant parts used as herbal mixture against clinical isolate of Salmonella typhi in Okitipupa town. Extracts from six plant parts used as herbal mixture were tested for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi isolated from patients suffering from typhoid fever. The antibacterial activities of each of the extracts (ethanolic, cold and hot waters) were determined using agar diffusion method and the activities produced zone of inhibition ranging from 20mm-34mm. Ethanolic extract was found to be more potent being capable of exerting significant inhibitory activity on the test organism investigated with an inhibition zone of 34mm followed by the cold-water extract (28mm) while hot water extract gave the least (20mm). The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, glucosinolates and triterpenes in the extracts but total absence of proteins. The study confirms the medicinal value of herbal mixtures and justifies the claim of its local use in health remedies for typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi. There is the need therefore to develop effective combination of antimicrobial agents in purified form from higher plants and their parts for clinical trials. Keywords: Herbal mixture, antibacterial activity, typhoid fever, phytochemical analysis.

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Fluconazole Susceptibilities of Bloodstream Candidasp. Isolates as Determined by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Method M27-A and Two Other Methods

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.37.7.2197-2200.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 2197-2200 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Emilia Cantón ◽

Javier Pemán ◽

Alfonso Carrillo-Muñoz ◽

Ana Orero ◽

Pedro Ubeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

National Committee ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

The Mean

The in vitro activity of fluconazole against 143Candida spp. obtained from the bloodstreams of 143 hospitalized patients from 1995 to 1997 was studied. Susceptibility tests were carried out by two macrodilution methods, the M27-A and a modified M27-A method (0.165 M, pH 7/morpholinepropanesulfonic acid-buffered RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 20 g ofd-dextrose per liter), and by the agar diffusion method (with 15-μg fluconazole [Neo-Sensitab] tablets). With 2 μg of fluconazole per ml, 96.92% of 65 C. albicans isolates, 86.2% of 58 C. parapsilosis isolates 7 of 8 C. tropicalis isolates, and 1 of 6 C. glabrata isolates were inhibited. Only one strain of C. albicans and one strain of C. tropicalis were resistant. The agreement between the two macrodilution methods was greater than 90% within ±2 log2 dilutions for all strains except C. glabrata (83.3%) and C. tropicalis(87.5%). Generally, MICs were 1 log2 dilution lower in glucose-supplemented RPMI 1640 medium. No correlation between zone sizes and MICs was found. All strains susceptible by the diffusion test were susceptible by the dilution method, but the converse was not necessarily true. Interestingly, inhibition zones were smaller forC. albicans, for which the geometric mean MIC was 0.29 μg/ml and the mean inhibition zone diameter was 25.7 mm, while for C. parapsilosis the geometric mean MIC was 0.96 μg/ml and the mean inhibition zone diameter was 31.52 mm. In conclusion, the two macrodilution methods give similar results. The modified M27-A method with 2% dextrose has the advantage of shortening the incubation time and simplifying the endpoint determination.

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