scholarly journals JUDICIAL UTILIZATION OF KUPIPAKWA AND POTTALI RASAYANAS BOON FOR AYURVEDIC PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol p5 (5) ◽  
pp. 3003-3011
Author(s):  
Kannan Mani ◽  
Priyanka K. Dighde ◽  
Sheetal Agrawal ◽  
Ashish Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Acute Conditions ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Parada Murchana (Mercurial Preparations) forms the backbone of Rasashastra which signifies the formulations of mercury after Shodhan (purification) termed as Rasachikitsa which includes Kharaliya, Parpati Kupipakwa & Pottali Rasayanas. Amongst them, Kupipakwa Rasayana (KPR) & Pottali Rasayana (PTR) are unique pharmaceutical preparations designed to achieve potential therapeutic efficacy by stabilizing the stronger bonds between ingredients. Judicial utilization of these mercurial preparations provides quicker action and synergistic effects with suitable Anupana (adjuvants), Kala (time) at low doses without producing toxic effects. KPR and PTR give miraculous results in Complicated, Chronic as well as Acute conditions. In the present era, people hesitate to use these medicines due to a lack of knowledge & awareness. This review aims to bring into the limelight the importance of KPR & PTR in the modern era where modern medicines have failed or attained resistance against diseases and also to overcome difficulties that may arise because of the extinction of many herbal drugs. Keywords: Kupipakwa, Pottali, Rasayana, Rasachikitsa, Murchana, Mercurial preparations

The real concept of substitution in Ayurveda literature and adulteration the misleading concept of modern era

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashashri Shinde ◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Sudipt Rath
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Material Identification ◽  
The Real ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Unfair Trade ◽  
Modern Era

A quality drug is central to the success of any therapeutic plan. The quality of drug is determined right from the collection to delivery to the patients. The commonest problem involving the medicinal plant stating materials is intentional or unintentional substitution and adulteration owing to multiple reasons like unavailability, higher costs, unfair trade etc. This trend was also present in the olden days, as evident from the concept of substitute drugs (Pratinidhi Dravya) as available in Yogratanakara, Bhavaprakasha and Bhaishajyaratnawali. Therefore, Charka and later Acharyas also have dealt with authentication and standardization of herbal drugs and formulations in detail by using four Pramanas (tools of knowledge) Ch.Vi.8/87. Nowadays the concept of substitution is entirely converted into intentional and unintentional malpractices of adulteration. The established authenticity parameters for plant material identification and standardization like organoleptic, physical, chemical and genetic parameters are relatively inaccessible for routine use. Not withstanding the accuracy and usefulness of these lab parameters and delay in the development of easy to perform parameters for reasonable drug authentication. These adulteration malpractices spoils the market of herbal industries. In this article we discuss about concept of substitution in ancient Ayurveda and at present intentional and unintentional adulteration practices.

scholarly journals Antimalarial herbal drugs: a review of their interactions with conventional antimalarial drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Earnest Oghenesuvwe Erhirhie ◽  
Chidozie Ikegbune ◽  
Anthony Ifeanyi Okeke ◽  
Chukwunonso Chukwudike Onwuzuligbo ◽  
Ngozi Ukamaka Madubuogwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Mice Model

AbstractDevelopment of resistance by malaria parasites to conventional antimalarial drugs has rejuvenated the exploration of herbal medicine as alternatives. Also, the increasing rate of the use of herbal antimalarial remedies in combination with conventional antimalarial drugs (both synthetic and semi-synthetic) has inspired researchers to validate their herb-drug interaction effects. This review evaluated the interaction outcomes between herbal antimalarial drugs in combination with conventional antimalarial drugs. With the aid of electronic databases, Pubmed and Google scholar, articles related to this subject were sourced from English peer reviewed scientific journals published from 2003 to 2020. Search terms used include “antimalarial-herbal drugs interaction”, “antimalarial medicinal plant interactions with conventional antimalarial drugs”, “drug-herbal interactions, “antimalarial drugs and medicinal plants”. Synergistic, antagonistic and none effects were reported among 30 studies reviewed. Among 18 in vivo studies on P. berghei and P. yoelii nigerense infected mice model, 14 showed synergism, 3 showed antagonism and 1 involving three plants showed both effects. Among 9 in-vivo studies involving normal animal (non-infected), 2 showed antagonism, 2 showed synergism and 5 showed none-effects. Two (2) studies on human volunteers and one (1) in vitro quantitative study showed that Garcinia kola reduced plasma concentrations of quinine and halofantrine. Generally, majority of herbal antimalarial drugs showed synergistic effects with CAMDs. Vernonia amygdalina was the most studied plant compared to others. Consequently, herbal remedies that produced synergistic effects with conventional antimalarial drugs may be prospects for standardization and development of antimalarial-medicinal plant combination therapy that could curtail malaria resistance to conventional antimalarial therapies.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of N-Acetylcysteine and Mesenchymal Stem Cell in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interstitial Cystitis Rat Model

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Hyun Shin ◽  
Chae-Min Ryu ◽  
Hyein Ju ◽  
Hwan Yeul Yu ◽  
Sujin Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Protamine Sulfate ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The purpose of this study was to reduce the amount of stem cells used in treating preclinical interstitial cystitis (IC model) by investigating the synergistic effects of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (M-MSCs; human embryonic stem cell-derived) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Eight-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups, i.e., sham (n = 10), lipopolysaccharide/protamine sulfate (LPS/PS; n = 10), LPS/PS + NAC (n = 10), LPS/PS with 25K MSC (n = 10), LPS/PS with 50K MSC (n = 10) LPS/PS + 25K MSC + NAC (n = 10), and LPS/PS + 50K MSC + NAC (n = 10). To induce the IC rat model, protamine sulfate (10 mg, 45 min) and LPS (750 μg, 30 min) were instilled once a week for five consecutive weeks via a transurethral PE-50 catheter. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used in the sham group. One week after the final instillation, M-MSCs with two suboptimal dosages (i.e., 2.5 or 5.0 × 104 cells) were directly transplanted into the outer-layer of the bladder. Simultaneously, 200 mg/kg of NAC or PBS was intraperitoneally injected daily for five days. The therapeutic outcome was evaluated one week after M-MSC or PBS injection by awake cystometry and histological analysis. Functionally, LPS/PS insult led to irregular micturition, decreased intercontraction intervals, and decreased micturition volume. Both monotherapy and combination therapy significantly increased contraction intervals, increased urination volume, and reduced the residual volume, thereby improving the urination parameters compared to those of the LPS group. In particular, a combination of NAC dramatically reduced the amount of M-MSCs used for significant restoration in histological damage, including inflammation and apoptosis. Both M-MSCs and NAC-based therapy had a beneficial effect on improving voiding dysfunction, regenerating denudated urothelium, and relieving tissue inflammation in the LPS-induced IC/BPS rat model. The combination of M-MSC and NAC was superior to MSC or NAC monotherapy, with therapeutic efficacy that was comparable to that of previously optimized cell dosage (1000K) without compromised therapeutic efficacy.

scholarly journals Estudo dos efeitos tóxicos de preparações farmacêuticas abortivas / Study of the toxic effects of abortive pharmaceutical preparations

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1781-1794
Author(s):  
Kelma Klarisse Souza Pacheco Nunes ◽  
Maynara Regina de Sousa Batista ◽  
Rafaela Prestes Da Silva ◽  
Antônio Taylon Aguiar Gomes ◽  
Gleicy Kelly China Quemel
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
On Line

As práticas de aborto clandestino podem ocasionar vários efeitos prejudiciais a saúde da mulher. Em muitos casos, as condições políticas, religiosas e sociais do Brasil são propícias para a automedicação e a busca de preparações caseiras e populares para a indução do aborto. Atualmente, medicamentos e plantas são alguns dos métodos para a interrupção da gravidez.  O uso ilegal e/ou indiscriminado de fármacos e/ou plantas medicinais é um fator que corrobora ao aumento dos casos de aborto clandestino. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é realizar a revisão bibliográfica dos efeitos tóxicos de preparações farmacêuticas abortivas. A metodologia abordada foi a revisão integrativa da literatura, baseada na análise crítica, meticulosa e ampla de publicações nas bases de dados on-line. Dentre o período do estudo, foram incluídos artigos que tenham sido publicados no período de julho de 2011 a junho de 2021, utilizando-se de palavras chaves reconhecidas nos descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS) que estão vinculadas ao tema: gestação, misoprostol, produtos fitoterápicos e efeitos tóxicos. A partir das bases eletrônicas pesquisadas foram selecionados os artigos que se adequam a temática proposta. Aplicando-se os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, resultou em 4 publicações na base de dados da Pubmed, 3 na base Scielo e 2 do Google acadêmico. Finalizando com 9 artigos contemplados para a construção do presente trabalho. Diante disso, faz-se necessário promover pesquisas sobre a avaliação da toxicidade dos fármacos e fitoterápicos para que possam servir de informação à população quanto aos efeitos tóxicos na gestação.

The Reactivating and Therapeutic Efficacy of Oximes to Counteract Russian VX Poisonings

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Kassa ◽  
Daniel Jun ◽  
Kamil Kuca
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Peripheral Compartment ◽  
Structural Analogue ◽  
Hi 6 ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase ◽  
Acute Toxic

Russian VX ( O-isobutyl- S-(2-diethylaminoethyl)methylphosphonothioate) is the structural analogue of VX agent. It differs from VX agent ( O-ethyl- S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate) by two alkyl groups. The potency of currently available oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6) to reactivate Russian VX–inhibited acetylcholinesterase and to eliminate Russian VX–induced acute toxic effects was evaluated using in vivo methods. In vivo determined percentage of reactivation of Russian VX–inhibited blood and brain acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats shows that HI-6 seems to be the most efficacious reactivator of Russian VX–inhibited acetylcholinesterase among currently used oximes in the peripheral compartment, whereas no difference between reactivating efficacy of all tested oximes was observed in the central compartment. The oxime HI-6 was also found to be the most efficacious oxime in the elimination of acute lethal toxic effects in Russian VX–poisoned mice among all studied oximes. Thus, the oxime HI-6 seems to be the most suitable oxime for the antidotal treatment of acute poisonings with Russian VX as in the case of VX, sarin, cyclosarin, and soman poisonings.

scholarly journals The Ability of Oxime Mixtures to Increase the Reactivating and Therapeutic Efficacy of Antidotal Treatment of Cyclosarin Poisoning in Rats and Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kassa ◽  
Jana Zdarová Karasová ◽  
Růžena Pavlíková ◽  
Filip Caisberger ◽  
Jiří Bajgar
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Hi 6 ◽  
Rats And Mice

The reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of two combinations of oximes (HI‑6 + trimedoxime and HI‑6 + K203) was compared with the effectiveness of antidotal treatment involving single oxime (HI‑6, trimedoxime, K203) using in vivo methods. In vivo determined percentage of reactivation of cyclosarin‑inhibited blood and tissue acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats showed that the reactivating efficacy of both combinations of oximes is slightly higher than the reactivating efficacy of the most effective individual oxime in blood, diaphragm as well as in brain. Moreover, both combinations of oximes were found to be slightly more efficacious in the reduction of acute lethal toxic effects in cyclosarin‑poisoned mice than the antidotal treatment involving single oxime. Based on the obtained data, we can conclude that the antidotal treatment involving chosen combinations of oximes brings a beneficial effect for its ability to counteract the acute poisoning with cyclosarin.

Downregulation of PLK1 elevates chemosensitivity of various breast cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 13169-13169
Author(s):  
B. Spaenkuch ◽  
S. Heim ◽  
E. Kurunci-Csacsko ◽  
C. Lindenau ◽  
M. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Cycle Distribution ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Her2 Positive

13169 Background: A central role for polo-like kinases (PLK) in regulating mitosis has been shown in different species. Overexpression of PLK1 is observed in various human tumors, and it is a negative prognostic factor in patients suffering from diverse cancers. In order to reduce side-effects exerted by commonly used anti-neoplastic agents and to enhance chemosensitivity of different breast cancer cell lines, we used phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeted against PLK1 together with Paclitaxel, Carboplatin and Herceptin. Methods: We used different HER2-positive and -negative breast cancer cell lines (BT-474, MCF-7, MDA-MB-435) to define the role of reduced PLK1 expression for the necessary dose of anti-neoplastic agents. After transfection with PLK1-specific ASOs these agents were added and cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis were measured. Results: We observed synergistic effects after combination of very low doses of PLK1-specific ASOs with Paclitaxel and Herceptin. Using Carboplatin we could only observe a synergistic effect in MDA-MB-435 cells. Downregulation of PLK1 levels led to an elevated percentage of cells in G2/M. Apoptosis and G2/M arrest were increased after combination of PLK1-specific ASOs with Paclitaxel in MDA-MB-435 cells. In a human Xenograft experiment using MDA-MB-435 cells the combination of PLK1-ASOs with Paclitaxel led to synergistic reduction of tumor growth after three weeks treatment compared to either agent alone. Conclusion: This study suggests that antisense inhibitors against PLK1 at well tolerated doses may be considered as cancer therapeutic agents which elevate chemosensitivity especially against Paclitaxel in very low doses with a significant better outcome than each agent alone. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Effective Treatment of Acute and Chronic Murine Tuberculosis with Liposome-Encapsulated Clofazimine

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1638-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda B. Adams ◽  
Indu Sinha ◽  
Scott G. Franzblau ◽  
James L. Krahenbuhl ◽  
Reeta T. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Unit Reduction ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT The therapeutic efficacy of liposomal clofazimine (L-CLF) was studied in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosisErdman. Groups of mice were treated with either free clofazimine (F-CLF), L-CLF, or empty liposomes twice a week for five treatments beginning on day 1 (acute), day 21 (established), or day 90 (chronic) postinfection. One day after the last treatment, the numbers of CFU ofM. tuberculosis in the spleen, liver, and lungs were determined. F-CLF at the maximum tolerated dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight was ineffective; however, 10-fold-higher doses of L-CLF demonstrated a dose response with significant CFU reduction in all tissues without any toxic effects. In acutely infected mice, 50 mg of L-CLF/kg reduced CFU 2 to 3 log units in all three organs. In established or chronic infection, treated mice showed no detectable CFU in the spleen or liver and 1- to 2-log-unit reduction in the lungs. A second series of L-CLF treatments cleared M. tuberculosisin all three tissues. L-CLF appears to be bactericidal in the liver and spleen, which remained negative for M. tuberculosis growth for 2 months. Thus, L-CLF could be useful in the treatment of tuberculosis.

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