scholarly journals The Anxiety of Educational Reform and Innovation: Bridging of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Strategies within Practice Educational Reform of Curriculum in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beni Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Field Education ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
School Based ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Reform And Innovation ◽  
The Government

Reform and innovation are important issues in the educational field. Education is dynamic and changing depends on globalization demands. To counterbalance for these changes, there are two strategies to make education change. Top down and bottom up strategies. Top down and bottom up have advantages and disadvantages to the reform and innovation of educational. For instance, the advantage of top-down is the government have the power to make policy, do research about national curriculum and implement that policy in the education area, especially at school but for making policy, regulation, research and implement government have spent more money without significant result. In another hand, the benefit of bottom-up is the innovation of education easily to find and grow up because they have involved directly in the change in school, also understand what they need in education because the teachers and the principle have strong connection with the students and indirectly evaluate the national curriculum which is appropriate or not. Nevertheless, school community as the representative of bottom-up did not have the power to bring that innovation in the top level because there is no connecting purpose between government and school. In addition, the big effect is the top-down, bottom-up has the different points of view to look into education. Furthermore, to solve that problem, there are some approaches could be bond to both strategies such as the collaborative, negotiate, conceptual, and strategic clarification, school-based management and strong site councils. Based on several previous researchers that approach is the best option for bridging the educational purpose between top down and bottom up.

Synthesis of nanomaterials using various top-down and bottom-up approaches, influencing factors, advantages, and disadvantages: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 102597
Author(s):  
Namra Abid ◽  
Aqib Muhammad Khan ◽  
Sara Shujait ◽  
Kainat Chaudhary ◽  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanomaterials

Thinking on the College English Curriculum (2004) and the Multimedia-Aided Teaching in College English

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1839-1843
Author(s):  
Wen Hui Wang ◽  
Xin Sheng Zou
Keyword(s):  
National Curriculum ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Top Down ◽  
College English ◽  
English Curriculum ◽  
School Based ◽  
Trial Implementation

College English Curriculum (2004) (CE Curriculum hereafter) is issued by China’s Ministry of Education. As a top-down document, it acts as a guide for colleges and universities nation-wide to formulate a school-based curriculum in the light of their specific circumstances. Compared with the previous counterparts, it is a more balanced and democratic national curriculum. Although the present curriculum is for trial implementation, the course rationale is sound and the curriculum is of greater flexibility.

scholarly journals THE REVITALIZATION MODEL OF WAN ABDURRAHMAN FOREST PARK AS A COMMUNAL FORESTRY CONSERVATION AREA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153
Author(s):  
Erlina Bachri ◽  
Bambang Hartono ◽  
Zainab Ompu Jainah ◽  
Anggalana ◽  
Melisa Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Social Planning ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Conservation Programs ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
The Government ◽  
Member Of Parliament

Purpose of study: This study aimed to develop a model of social planning and legal perspectives on forest park revitalization program. Which in this study forest park that will be examined is Abdurahman Wan forest park in Lampung province, Indonesia as communal-based nature conservation programs are guided by the principles of participation, utilization, harmonization, and sustainability? Methodology: This study is a qualitative study using juridical and sociological perspectives by evaluating and comparing the Top-down and Bottom-up plans that have been done before. The SWOT analysis has been done for analyzing the data. Result: The results of the study show that the "Top-down Planning" that has been done so far is not sufficient. This is because the legislature is not only limited to a basic concept but must also play a role in developing all strategic arrangements. Therefore, in this case, the government is not merely a member of parliament but oversees the course of the program. Also, the community must have broad access to fight for its communal values. In short, the study found that the "Bottom-Up Planning" model was more suitable for implementation because through this approach the community could participate and exchange ideas together in all policies. Implications: This research is very useful for stakeholders because it can provide academic illustrations in the form of policy analysis and is able to force public participation and ensure that all policies are shared values ​​and collaborative in nature that provide so many assets related to the form of public policy in implementing activities in the park communal forest. Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, managers, and policymakers. Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of forest park conservation programs using communal-based based on participation, utilization, harmonization, and sustainability.

scholarly journals Efektivitas E-Musrenbang di Kota Surabaya dalam Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Berparadigma Masyarakat

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Novy Setia Yunas
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government

The success of the development in a region will be greatly determined by the quality of development planning. As planning became the sign posts are clear about what the needs of the citizens with has clear and measurable targets. Development Planning System emphasizes a combination of approaches between top-down and bottom up, which emphasizes the ways aspirational and participatory, so it is realized through the process of development planning or deliberation Musrenbang neighborhood start at various levels up to nationwide. This paper is the result of research that are descriptive studies library which describes the process of implementing E-Musrenbang in Surabaya with a variety of problems. E-Musrenbang successfully applied in Surabaya at least be innovations in development  planning system in which during this society wants a forum or social contacts among citizens with the Government in regional development planning. The application of the system of E-Musrenbang in Surabaya became an important lesson for the construction paradigm of society, where society is not only made of the objects but rather the subject of development. Keberhasilan pembangunan di suatu wilayah ditentukan oleh kualitas perencanaan pembangunannya. Sebagaimana perencanaan menjadi penunjuk arah yang jelas tentang apa yang menjadi kebutuhan warga dengan target yang jelas dan terukur. Sistem perencanaan menekankan kombinasi pendekatan antara top-down dan bottom-up, yang lebih menekankan cara-cara aspiratif dan partisipatif, sehingga hal tersebut diwujudkan melalui proses musyawarah perencanaan pembangunan atau Musrenbang di berbagai tingkatan mulai kelurahan hingga Nasional. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif dengan studi kepustakaan yang menjelaskan proses pelaksanaan E- Musrenbang di Surabaya dengan berbagai permasalahannya. Sistem E- Musrenbang yang berhasil diterapkan di Kota Surabaya setidaknya menjadi inovasi dalam sistem perencanaan pembangunan dimana selama ini masyarakat menginginkan sebuah forum atau kontak sosial antara warga dengan pemerintah dalam perencanaan pembangunan daerah. Penerapan sistem E- Musrenbang di Kota Surabaya menjadi sebuah pelajaran penting bagi perencanaan pembangunan berparadigma masyarakat, dimana masyarakat tidak hanya dijadikan objek melainkan subjek pembangunan. 

scholarly journals Cooperation between Top-Down and Bottom-Up Theorem Provers

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 169-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fuchs ◽  
M. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Theorem Proving ◽  
Search Space ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Model Elimination ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Redundancy Control ◽  
Problem Library

Top-down and bottom-up theorem proving approaches each have specific advantages and disadvantages. Bottom-up provers profit from strong redundancy control but suffer from the lack of goal-orientation, whereas top-down provers are goal-oriented but often have weak calculi when their proof lengths are considered. In order to integrate both approaches, we try to achieve cooperation between a top-down and a bottom-up prover in two different ways: The first technique aims at supporting a bottom-up with a top-down prover. A top-down prover generates subgoal clauses, they are then processed by a bottom-up prover. The second technique deals with the use of bottom-up generated lemmas in a top-down prover. We apply our concept to the areas of model elimination and superposition. We discuss the ability of our techniques to shorten proofs as well as to reorder the search space in an appropriate manner. Furthermore, in order to identify subgoal clauses and lemmas which are actually relevant for the proof task, we develop methods for a relevancy-based filtering. Experiments with the provers SETHEO and SPASS performed in the problem library TPTP reveal the high potential of our cooperation approaches.

Uneven implementation of human trafficking policies

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-148
Author(s):  
Laura A. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Country Size ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
The Government

This chapter discusses how anti-trafficking institutions and networks combine to diffuse policy implementation from the top-down and bottom-up. It shows that when no one in the government is held accountable for the implementation of the policies uneven policy implementation occurs as some countries (i.e. Latvia) are more effective at implementing policy than others (i.e. Ukraine and Russia). The results demonstrate that top-down implementation (from the national government) was apparent in all three countries as the government entities attempted to guide implementation. Only Latvia was able to balance this top-down approach with a grass roots bottom-up implementation processes facilitated by their working group and the strength of the interest groups in that country. This could also demonstrate that country size and/or decentralization reforms from the federal level help facilitate human trafficking policy implementation. The influence of internal factors including law enforcement measures to combat trafficking and interest group strength are the most significant facilitators of policy implementation. While state capacity and commitment, bureaucracy, and corruption were the biggest impediments to successful policy implementation. Interest groups also provide feedback loops, policy evaluations, and guide implementation when the government fell short.

Regency grouping in East Java based on Variable Type of Agriculture uses Hybrid Hierarchical Clustering Via Mutual Cluster Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Sulthan Fikri Mu'afa ◽  
Nurissaidah Ulinnuha
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
The Government

AbstractEast Java Province is one of the provinces that has the largest agricultural resources in Indonesia. The Government of East Java needs to produce superior commodities in each region. This study aims to group districts in East Java Province based on variable types of agriculture with the hybrid hierarchical clustering via mutual cluster method that combines the merging of bottom-up clustering advantages and top-down clustering advantages. Mutual cluster is a grouping with the largest distance between small groups of the shortest distance for each point outside the group. In this research, the calculation uses Euclidean distance. The data used in this study are from the East Java Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2017. The division calculation is obtained by finding the minimum  (standard deviation of intra cluster) value and the maximum  (standard deviation of inter clusters) value and using the analysis of variance calculation. The grouping results obtained were nine groups with  value of 725.934,  value of 1.475.978 and  value of 7,908.Keywords: agriculture; Hybrid Hierarchical Clustering; mutual cluster; Euclidean distance; analysis of variance. AbstrakProvinsi Jawa Timur merupakan salah satu provinsi yang memiliki sumber daya pertanian terbesar di Indonesia. Pemerintah Jawa Timur perlu mengembangkan komoditi unggulan di tiap daerah di Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelompokkan kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Timur berdasarkan variabel jenis pertanian dengan metode hybrid hierarchical clustering via mutual cluster yaitu menggabungkan kelebihan bottom-up clustering dan kelebihan top-down clustering. Mutual cluster yakni pengelompokkan dengan jarak terbesar antara bagian dalam kelompok yang kecil dari jarak yang terpendek kepada tiap titik di luar kelompok. Dalam penelitian ini, perhitungan jarak menggunakan jarak Euclidean. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dari Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Timur tahun 2017. Perhitungan pembagian didapat dengan mencari nilai (simpangan baku dalam klaster) yang minimal dan nilai  (simpangan baku antar klaster) yang maksimal, serta digunakan perhitungan analyze of varians. Hasil pengelompokkan yang diperoleh didapatkan sebanyak sembilan kelompok dengan nilai  sebesar 725.934, nilai sebesar 1.475.978 dan nilai  sebesar 7,908.Kata Kunci: pertanian; Hybrid Hierarchical Clustering; mutual cluster; jarak Euclid; analisis variansi.

scholarly journals Radiographic Evaluation of Children with Febrile Urinary Tract Infection: Bottom-Up, Top-Down, or None of the Above?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaella M. Prasad ◽  
Earl Y. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Renal Scarring ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrogram ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Febrile Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The proper algorithm for the radiographic evaluation of children with febrile urinary tract infection (FUTI) is hotly debated. Three studies are commonly administered: renal-bladder ultrasound (RUS), voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), and dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) scan. However, the order in which these tests are obtained depends on the methodology followed: bottom-up or top-down. Each strategy carries advantages and disadvantages, and some groups now advocate even less of a workup (none of the above) due to the current controversies about treatment when abnormalities are diagnosed. New technology is available and still under investigation, but it may help to clarify the interplay between vesicoureteral reflux, renal scarring, and dysfunctional elimination in the future.

A Critical Review of Graphene Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Application in Biosensors

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2130001
Author(s):  
Jialu Shen ◽  
Weifeng Chen ◽  
Zihan Yang ◽  
Guo Lv ◽  
Jie Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Potential Applications

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have aroused widespread attention because of their remarkable properties and potential applications. Herein, we discuss both the top-down and bottom-up strategies for the synthesis of GQDs. Different processes are presented to study their characteristics and the influence on the final properties of GQDs. The respective advantages and disadvantages of these methods are summarized. With regard to some important or novel ones, mechanisms are proposed for reference. In addition, the application of GQDs in biosensors is highlighted in detail. At last, we put forward some problems to be solved and give a brief prospect in their future developments. This review is very useful for quickly gaining knowledge and experience for synthesizing GQDs and designing the related novel biosensors.

scholarly journals Engineered Microgels—Their Manufacturing and Biomedical Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Hamzah Alzanbaki ◽  
Manola Moretti ◽  
Charlotte A. E. Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hydrogel Particles ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Micrometer Scale ◽  
Cell Carriers

Microgels are hydrogel particles with diameters in the micrometer scale that can be fabricated in different shapes and sizes. Microgels are increasingly used for biomedical applications and for biofabrication due to their interesting features, such as injectability, modularity, porosity and tunability in respect to size, shape and mechanical properties. Fabrication methods of microgels are divided into two categories, following a top-down or bottom-up approach. Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages and requires certain sets of materials and equipments. In this review, we discuss fabrication methods of both top-down and bottom-up approaches and point to their advantages as well as their limitations, with more focus on the bottom-up approaches. In addition, the use of microgels for a variety of biomedical applications will be discussed, including microgels for the delivery of therapeutic agents and microgels as cell carriers for the fabrication of 3D bioprinted cell-laden constructs. Microgels made from well-defined synthetic materials with a focus on rationally designed ultrashort peptides are also discussed, because they have been demonstrated to serve as an attractive alternative to much less defined naturally derived materials. Here, we will emphasize the potential and properties of ultrashort self-assembling peptides related to microgels.

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