scholarly journals GIS-Based Relief Compartment Mapping of Fluvio-Karst Landscape in Central Brazilian Highlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Rogério Uagoda ◽  
Yawar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Karst Landscape ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Karst Terrains

The present study describes the preliminary findings of a research project aiming at creating a knowledge-base for the protection of caves heritage at Rio Vermelho preservation area in the central Brazilian highlands. A GIS-based relief compartment mapping was conducted using readily available data (e.g., satellite images, geological, and cave location maps). Four resultant geomorphological domains were identified, including (i) lowlands (282 km2) with a baselevel in silicates and carbonates, (ii) the karst terrains (994 km2) which were developed in carbonates trapped by siltstone lenses, (iii) the talus (1483 km2) having colluvial and alluvial units deposited by the escarpment retreat (Urucuia Formation) and (iv) the highlands (1143.7 km2) developed over the sandstone of the Urucuia Group. The intersection of landform and geological maps resulted in delineating two abrupt contacts, the first between lowland and karst terrains and the second between the talus and highlands that formed canyon escarpment. For sustainability perspective, this study proposed two types of cave systems in the region as superior/vadose (top-bottom) that collect floods from hillslopes and deep Epigene fluvial-karst (bottom-up).

scholarly journals The Contribution of Geological Maps and Mapping to Industrial Scale Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Manoutsoglou ◽  
Nikolaos Papageorgiou ◽  
Emilios Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Scale Design ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this work is to highlight the contribution of geological maps and mapping to industrial scale design. To achieve this goal, the site selection of a new quarry area is used as an example. For the development of a new quarry, the materials to be mined must meet specific requirements, mainly acceptable quality, adequate reserves, environmental restrictions, and economic viability. Geological maps of various scales were used in all stages of this research project. Initially, geological surveillance maps (1:50,000), which formed the basis for the sampling, were used. Finally, this research project was completed with the detailed mapping of two candidate areas for the development of the new quarry.

scholarly journals Bycatch and discards: from improved knowledge to mitigation programmes

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1216-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Joëlle Rochet ◽  
Tom Catchpole ◽  
Steve Cadrin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Management Measure ◽  
Environmental Fluctuations ◽  
Science Conference ◽  
Complex Patterns

Abstract Discarding is considered by many as an important problem in world fisheries. In many regions, data collection onboard commercial vessels has intensified, and the understanding of both human and ecological drivers of discards is improving quickly. Discarding patterns vary widely across regions, fisheries, gears, and species. Fishers' responses to regulations and markets explain these complex patterns, on top of resource availability partly driven by environmental fluctuations. This expanded knowledge base provides an appropriate basis for discussing the discard mitigation measures proposed in various settings. In September 2012, a theme session was convened at the ICES Annual Science Conference in Bergen, Norway, to discuss these issues. This themed set of articles includes several of the studies presented at the theme session. Owing to the wide diversity of drivers and reasons for discarding, no single management measure or even framework is expected to address the issue. Rather, discard mitigation measures need to be tailored to each particular fishery, or even species within a fishery, and the effectiveness of solutions is greatest when they are used in combination with other approaches. Bottom-up approaches to bycatch and discard management, which involve incentive-based solutions to bycatch problems, were agreed to be the most promising.

Comparative Environmental Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 2-34
Author(s):  
Jorge E. Viñuales
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Functionalist Approach

This volume examines the building blocks of environmental law across different jurisdictions. More specifically, it provides a cartography of environmental law, with a focus on its underlying logic, main arrangements and their variations, and how it is embedded within the broader legal arrangements developed to tackle other questions. In this context, this preliminary chapter provides an overview of the comparative method as it applies to the overall research project leading to the present volume. It discusses descriptive and evolutionary approaches, the conceptual approach, the functionalist approach, the factual approach, legal formants, the contextualist approach, and legal transplants. It then considers a range of methodologies proposed by comparative law experts, including the bottom-up functionalism and top-down functionalism, before explaining the methodology used for the organization of this book. The chapter concludes by summarizing a tentative structure of comparative environmental law as a single overall technology.

scholarly journals DELINEATION AND MAPPING OF ALLUVIAL FANS BY THE USE OF LANDSAT/TM AND TERRA/ASTER SATELLITE IMAGES.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Θ. Αστάρας ◽  
Κ. Βουβαλίδης ◽  
Δ. Οικονομίδης
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Landsat Tm ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Contrast Stretching

The purpose of the study was the precise delineation and mapping of alluvial fans, locating in mountainous areas of Northern Greece, by the use of: a) LANDSAT/TM and TERRA/ASTER satellite images (pixel size 30 m and 15-90 m respectively), b) topographic and geological maps and c) ground truth procedure (visiting the test sites). The digital processing of the satellite images was performed with EASI/PACE software. False Colour Composite (FCC) images, that helped to the better delineation of the fans, were derived by various image processing techniques, such as contrast stretching, ratioing, Principal Components Analysis (PCA),etc. The above processed images were imported into a Geographical Information System (GIS) and they were georeferenced to UTM Projection System. Next, the delineated (on the images) fans were digitized and overlaid to topographic and geological maps. From the above procedure and in comparison to ground-truth observations, it was concluded that the boundaries of the alluvial fans appear more precisely on the satellite images than in geological and topographic maps. The results of this study could be useful to geomorphologists dealing with morphological study and analysis of the alluvial fans. Also, they could be helpful to the improvement and updating of the present geological maps, by defining the boundaries of the fans mere precisely. Finally, conclusions can be drawn concerning the sorting of the materials comprising the fans. This information could be useful to hydrogeologists, since the alluvial fans are usually rich in water content.

Mapping parent material using data originating from Earth Observation as ancillary information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tünde Takáts ◽  
János Mészáros ◽  
Gáspár Albert ◽  
László Pásztor
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Satellite Platform ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Ancillary Information

<p>Parent material is an essential soil property, whose mapping is a challenging task. Usually, large scale geological maps are used if they are available. However, in many cases, especially in medium and large scale mapping, such source data are too old or not existing at all. In this project have been looking for a solution for this problem. Our aim is to create a new, large scale, lithological map of parent material in an old mining region.</p><p>The study area is the Dorogi Basin in northern central Hungary. It is known for coal mining, which ended in 2003 after more than two centuries. The latest large scale (1:10,000) geological map series from this area was made in the 1960’s, in the “golden age” of mining.</p><p>Google Earth Engine was selected as main GIS platform, using mainly open source data and programs for mapping. We have used data originating from Earth Observation as ancillary information (e.g. satellite images, SRTM) and machine learning techniques to spatially predict parent material. The satellite images were used to calculate several geological indices, which can be used as indicators of chemical composition. We examined the use of multiple satellite platform (Sentinel-2, Landsat 8, ASTER) as it has different geological indices. The existing geological maps were used for training in the classification concerning the lithological composition.To predict the parent materials we have used random forest, using geomorphometric features and geological indices as predictors. The newly compiled map was validated by comparing it with the old one.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgment</strong>: Our research was supported by the Hungarian National Research,Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH; K-131820) and from the part of G.A. financial support was provided from the NRDI Fund of Hungary, Thematic Excellence Programme no. TKP2020-NKA-06 (National Challenges Subprogramme) funding scheme.</p>

Rigenerazione urbana dal basso nel sud-ovest milanese: un'esperienza dal destino incerto

TERRITORIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Corinna Morandi ◽  
Chiara Rabbiosi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
City Council ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
The City

The paper gives an operational and academic report on the research project entitled ‘Urban regeneration, tradition and innovation: the Milanese Mesopotamia', carried out in partnership with Mesopotamia Milanese, an association founded in 2008 by businesses located in the area that lies between the Naviglio Grande and Naviglio Pavese canals to encourage and influence the process of urban regeneration in the area enclosed between these two historically famous canals. The paper focuses on urban regeneration from the ‘bottom up', a subject around which a variety of parties are potentially interested in interacting and exchanging resources. The conclusions offer reflections on future outcomes of the process described, starting from the guidelines recommended by the City Council which came to power in Milan in 2011.

scholarly journals Visual Saliency via Multiscale Analysis in Frequency Domain and Its Applications to Ship Detection in Optical Satellite Images

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yu ◽  
Jun Qian ◽  
Qinglong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Multiscale Analysis ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Visual Saliency ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Ship Detection ◽  
Saliency Maps ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Optical Satellite Images

This article proposes a bottom-up visual saliency model that uses the wavelet transform to conduct multiscale analysis and computation in the frequency domain. First, we compute the multiscale magnitude spectra by performing a wavelet transform to decompose the magnitude spectrum of the discrete cosine coefficients of an input image. Next, we obtain multiple saliency maps of different spatial scales through an inverse transformation from the frequency domain to the spatial domain, which utilizes the discrete cosine magnitude spectra after multiscale wavelet decomposition. Then, we employ an evaluation function to automatically select the two best multiscale saliency maps. A final saliency map is generated via an adaptive integration of the two selected multiscale saliency maps. The proposed model is fast, efficient, and can simultaneously detect salient regions or objects of different sizes. It outperforms state-of-the-art bottom-up saliency approaches in the experiments of psychophysical consistency, eye fixation prediction, and saliency detection for natural images. In addition, the proposed model is applied to automatic ship detection in optical satellite images. Ship detection tests on satellite data of visual optical spectrum not only demonstrate our saliency model's effectiveness in detecting small and large salient targets but also verify its robustness against various sea background disturbances.

scholarly journals Fostering Professional Ethical Competence During Teacher Training Practice

Pedagogika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Purificación Pérez-García ◽  
María José Latorre-Medina ◽  
Francisco Javier Blanco-Encomienda
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ethical Competence ◽  
Training Practice

Professionals who have undergone their training at university should possess not only the knowledge-base necessary to practice in their chosen profession, but also the ethical principles that ensure responsible professional practice and the corresponding benefits for society. The research project addressed in the present article aimed to contribute to fostering ethical competence and commitment amongst future teachers. During the experience the participants had the opportunity to design tasks that stimulated reflection, critique and ethical awareness.

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