Establishing a National Standard: the Role of the UK’s Minimum Income Standard in Policy and Practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 307-318
Author(s):  
Donald Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
National Standard ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Minimum Income

Establishing a national standard: the role of the UK’s Minimum Income Standard in policy and practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 307-318
Author(s):  
Donald Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Uk

This chapter promotes the UK Minimum Income Standards (MIS) as a benchmark in social policy and practice. It explains how the MIS research continues to have a strong influence over social policy debates in Britain and exposes the inadequacy of the national minimum wage that helped fuel the campaign for a “living wage.” It also features MIS as a key element in the new Scottish measure of fuel poverty. The chapter observes how MIS has not been taken up by governments as a standard for setting or targeting minimum incomes in terms of social protection. It observes that it will require a major political commitment to redistribution if the British government were to adopt MIS.

Patient Autonomy, Capacity, and Consent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Donnelly ◽  
Jessica Berg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Law And Legislation

This chapter explores a number of key issues: the role of competence and capacity, advance directives, and decisions made for others. It analyses the ways these are treated in the United States and in selected European jurisdictions. National-level capacity legislation and human rights norms play a central role in Europe, which means that healthcare decisions in situations of impaired capacity operate in accordance with a national standard. In the United States, the legal framework is more state-based (rather than federal), and the courts have played a significant role, with both common law and legislation varying considerably across jurisdictions. Despite these differences, this chapter identifies some similar legal principles which have developed.

The Role of Preschool Peers in Children's Language Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 088-100
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Purtell ◽  
Arya Ansari ◽  
Qingqing Yang ◽  
Caroline P. Bartholomew
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Preschool Classrooms ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Recent Attention

AbstractAlmost 5 million children attend preschool in the United States each year. Recent attention has been paid to the ways in which preschool classrooms shape children's early language development. In this article, we discuss the importance of peers and classroom composition through the lens of age and socioeconomic status and the implications for children's early learning and development. We also discuss the direct and indirect mechanisms through which classroom peers may shape each other's language development. As part of this discussion, we focus on exposure to peer language and engagement with peers, along with teachers' classroom practices. We conclude by discussing the ways in which teachers can ensure that children in classrooms of different compositions reap the maximum benefit, along with implications for research, policy, and practice.

A Look Back: Church, state, and Kappan

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Teresa Preston
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
School Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Religious Instruction ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Diverse World ◽  
Supreme Court Rulings ◽  
Role Of Religion

In this monthly column, Kappan managing editor Teresa Preston looks back at how the magazine has covered questions related to the role of religion in public schools. Authors considered how Supreme Court rulings affected school policy and practice, whether religious instruction is necessary for promoting positive values, and how to encourage respect in a religiously diverse world.

Health(y) education: A critical analysis of the role of public health regulation in and on tertiary education in Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032199501
Author(s):  
Susan Shaw ◽  
Keith Tudor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Educational Design ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Public Health Regulation

This article offers a critical analysis of the role of public health regulation on tertiary education in Aotearoa New Zealand and, specifically, the requirements and processes of Responsible Authorities under the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act for the accreditation and monitoring of educational institutions and their curricula (degrees, courses of studies, or programmes). It identifies and discusses a number of issues concerned with the requirements of such accreditation and monitoring, including, administrative requirements and costs, structural requirements, and the implications for educational design. Concerns with the processes of these procedures, namely the lack of educational expertise on the part of the Responsible Authorities, and certain manifested power dynamics are also highlighted. Finally, the article draws conclusions for changing policy and practice.

The role of organizational learning in soft regulation of workplace gender equality

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Macneil ◽  
Ziheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Organization ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Responsible Government ◽  
Reported Data

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain progress, or the lack of it, in achieving workplace gender equality goals prescribed by affirmative action regulation by using concepts from soft regulation and organizational learning. Design/methodology/approach The research design is a longitudinal study (2002-2012) of a critical case, that of a single large organization in the male-dominated steel manufacturing, distribution and mining industries. The case focusses on the evidence about organizational learning to be found in that organization’s reports to government on its activities to promote workplace gender equality. Findings While other factors play a role, the apparent failure of the soft regulation to generate a significant shift in gender equality outcomes may also be attributed to ineffective organizational learning, demonstrated by the absence of systematic reflection within the organization on how to improve workplace gender equality, and the lack of firm targets and external benchmarking. Research limitations/implications Self-reported data may be overstated or incomplete. More research is needed to confirm the nature of the specific learning processes occurring within organizations. Practical implications Absent the advent of hard sanctions in workplace gender equality regulation, the responsible government agencies may find it valuable to focus on ways to encourage target organizations to develop competence in organizational learning. Social implications More effective gender equality regulation may change organizational policy and practice and improve work opportunities for women. Originality/value Rather than concluding that the only alternative, when soft regulation is unsuccessful, is hard regulation, this paper shifts the focus to ways that soft regulatory processes might be improved to strengthen their effect.

Open science reforms: Strengths, challenges, and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn R. Wentzel
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact

In this article, I comment on the potential benefits and limitations of open science reforms for improving the transparency and accountability of research, and enhancing the credibility of research findings within communities of policy and practice. Specifically, I discuss the role of replication and reproducibility of research in promoting better quality studies, the identification of generalizable principles, and relevance for practitioners and policymakers. Second, I suggest that greater attention to theory might contribute to the impact of open science practices, and discuss ways in which theory has implications for sampling, measurement and research design. Ambiguities concerning the aims of preregistration and registered reports also are highlighted. In conclusion, I discuss structural roadblocks to open science reform and reflect on the relevance of these reforms for educational psychology.

Social and Familial Childrearing: An Examination of Daycare and the Modern Family

1983 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-397
Author(s):  
Carol S. Klass
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
National Policy ◽  
American Family ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Changing Patterns

American families' need for out-of-home childcare increases at an accelerated rate each year; yet our society lacks a policy for—and even a national commitment to—high-quality daycare. Such a national policy needs to be formulated within an examination of the tensions between social and familial childrearing. This essay explores these contextual issues from a historical perspective. The essay discusses: first, changes in the family as they relate to changes in the economy and polity; second, the role of the family as the basis for the young child's self-identity and internalization of society's values and practices; and third, the potential implications of changing patterns of the structure and functioning of the American family. Finally, the essay examines historical and current daycare policy and practice in relation to the family and the broader social structure.

Nutritional Genomics and Dietetic Professional Practice

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milly Ryan-Harshman ◽  
Ellen Vogel ◽  
Holly Jones-Taggart ◽  
Julia Green-Johnson ◽  
David Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Ethics Policy ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Nutritional Genomics

Nutrigenomics is concerned with the role of nutrients in gene expression, and nutrigenetics is the study of how genetic variants or polymorphisms (mutations) can affect responses to nutrients; nutritional genomics is the umbrella term. Nutritional genomics can be expected to revolutionize the way dietitians and other health professionals identify people with chronic diseases and treat those diseases. Understanding the science of nutritional genomics is important to dietitians and other health professionals because major scientific advancements such as this usually have a significant impact on ethics, policy, and practice. Blood lipid profiles are one area in which nutritional genomics has quickly advanced knowledge. New knowledge is available on blood lipid profiles and associated conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. New technology has also had an impact on policy and practice issues, and ethics is an important issue to consider.

scholarly journals PURIFICATION OF BIODIESEL USING RICE STRAW AND DIOSCOREA ALATA STARCH AS NATURAL ADSORBENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Yulidar Yulidar ◽  
Saiful Saiful ◽  
Ilham Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Potassium Oleate ◽  
Natural Adsorbents ◽  
Washing Method ◽  
Initial Content

Janeng starch (Dioscorea Alata) and rice straws are developed to be used as adsorbents in dry washing method to purify crude biodiesel. In this study, we evaluate the potential of rice straw and janeng starch as natural adsorbents in the purification of biodiesel that replace the role of water in absorbing contaminants from biodiesel. The SEM characterization results show that the starch adsorbent and rice straw has an open and porous surface and is evenly distributed for janeng starch. Both adsorbents, either the janeng starch or rice straw, can be applied for the purification of biodiesel. The quality of biodiesel is influenced by the amount of adsorbents used in biodiesel purification. The effectiveness of the adsorbent is shown by the decrease in free fatty acids, alkali numbers, soap numbers and turbidity levels in biodiesel. The concentration of free fatty acid oil in crude biodiesel before the purification step was 0.769 mg-KOH/g, then decreased to 0.128 mg-KOH/g after the adsorption. This acid value had been very low and met the Indonesian quality national standard for biodiesel spesically 0.50 mg-KOH/g. Either janeng starch or rice straw adsorbent was able to reduce the soap content of potassium oleate to level 53.33 ppm from the initial content of 106.67 ppm. These two natural adsorbents can be the alternative adsorbents in the purification of biodiesel that employs dry washing method.

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