scholarly journals The mine water in the management of groundwater pollution in the Eastern Donbass

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.И. Гавришин
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Groundwater Pollution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Very High

Ведущими факторами преобразования окружающей среды в регио- не являются угледобывающая и углеперерабатывающая промышленности. Под влиянием этих факторов формируется множество негативных последствий и, прежде всего, интенсивное загрязнение грунтовых вод. Цель исследований – оценить роль шахтных вод в управлении загрязненностью грунтовых вод в Вос- точном Донбассе. Методы исследования. Для решения поставленной задачи применены стандартные ме- тоды математической статистики, цифровая компьютерная классификационная технология АГАТ-2, метод оценки качества вод по суммарному показателю загрязненности. Выполнен детальный анализ закономер- ностей формирования химического состава и загрязненности шахтных и грунтовых вод в Восточном Дон- бассе. Шахтные воды содержат очень высокие концентрации многих компонентов, значительно превы- шающие ПДК. Результаты работы. Наибольшие концентрации отмечены по Fe и Mn, для которых превы- шения ПДК составляют сотни, а в отдельных случаях тысячи раз. Обычно превышение ПДК в десятки раз обнаружено для Al, Li, Be, Ni, Se, Cu и Zn. Из макрокомпонентов значительное загрязнение проявляется по концентрациям SO4, Na, Mg и M. В грунтовых водах наибольшую долю в загрязнение вод также вносят Fe и Mn, отмечается превышение ПДК по Al, Zn, Be, Li, Se, Cu, а также по SO4, Na, Mg и M. Сравнение списка компонентов загрязненности шахтных и грунтовых вод убедительно свидетельствует, что шахтные воды играют ведущую роль в управлении качеством грунтовых вод. Актуальность исследований заключается в том, что впервые для важного в промышленно-экономическом отношении региона РФ выполнена оценка качества шахтных вод и их влияния на загрязнение грунтовых по требованиям к ПДК вод в соответствии с нормативами США, ЕС и РФ. Очень высокий уровень загрязненности шахтных и грунтовых вод свиде- тельствует о настоятельной необходимости выполнения мониторинговых наблюдений, проведения мер по реабилитации состояния окружающей среды в регионе и совершенствования очистных технологий, в первую очередь, по уменьшению концентраций Fe, Mn и величины минерализации. Ключевые слова: шахтные, грунтовые воды, химический состав, показатель загрязненности, Вос- точный Донбасс Coal mining and coal-processing industries are the leading drivers of environmental transformation in the region. These factors are influenced by many negative effects and, above all, intense groundwater pollution. Aim of the research is to assess the role of mine water in the management of groundwater pollution in the Eastern Donbass. Methods. To solve the problem, standard methods of mathematical statistics, digital computer classification technology AGTA-2, and method of assessing water quality according to the total pollution indicator are used. A detailed analysis of the patterns of chemical composition and contamination of mine and groundwater in the Eastern Donbass has been carried out. Mine water contains very high concentrations of many components, much higher than MAC. Results. The highest concentrations are recorded by Fe and Mn, for which the excesses of MAC are hundreds, and in some cases thousands of times. Typically, the excess of MAC is found tenfold for Al, Li, Be, Ni, Se, Cu and Zn. Of the macro components, significant pollution is manifested by concentrations of SO4, Na, Mg and M. In groundwater, Fe and Mn also contribute to groundwater pollution, and there is an excess of MAC for Al, Zn, Be, Li, Se, Cu, as well as SO4, Na, Mg and M. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that for the first time for the industrial and economic region of the Russian Federation, an assessment of the quality of mine waters and their impact on groundwater pollution according to the requirements of the MAC of water in accordance with the regulations of the United States, the EU and the Russian Federation has been carried out. Comparison of the list of mine and groundwater pollution components strongly demonstrates that mine water plays a leading role in the management of groundwater quality. The very high level of mine and groundwater pollution demonstrates the urgent need to carry out monitoring observations, to rehabilitate the environment in the region and to improve treatment technologies, primarily to reduce the concentrations of Fe, Mn and mineralization

scholarly journals GUAM Activity in the Post-Soviet Space: Intentions, Results, Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-105
Author(s):  
D. A. Belashchenko ◽  
V. V. Tolkachev ◽  
A. P. Shmelev ◽  
I. F. Shodzhonov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Realism ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Post Soviet Space

Integration processes in the post-Soviet space actualize the topic of several individual organizations prospects considering current trends on the international scene, particularly the ODED-GUAM. This formation is specific because it was initially created without the participation of the Russian Federation and also formed as an alternative to the Common-wealth of Independent States and other integration projects where the leading role was recognized for the Russian Federation.The study consists of two parts. The first part examines the development process of the ODED-GUAM organization and high-lights the main stages of its existence. The transformation of the conceptual ideas of the organization’s development from a global to a local actor in world politics was also mentioned in the article. The study conducts a broad analysis of the organization’s source base, evaluates the results that the organization has achieved and the reasons of its composition change.The second part of the study is devoted to the analysis of the prospects for the development of this organization from the standpoint of neorealism (structural realism) taking into account the combination of endogenous and exogenous factors.The totality of moments related to the specifics of the ODED-GUAM conceptual component evolution, the episodic nature of its activities, the presence of the internal conflict of interests among participating countries, the leading international actors positions towards the organization, allows us to consider the integration entity is mostly the artificial construct that unified states that were for one reason or another out of key integration projects of the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet space. It is also relevant to consider the ODED-GUAM as a tool for promoting the interests of such actors as the United States and the EU in the post-Soviet space, as an instrument of information, ideological, and economic pressure on Russia and its partners in integration entities.In fact, the prospects of the ODEDGUAM organization are directly dependent on the position and policy of external actors who consider this organization as one of the platforms to influence the Russian Federation as well as the People’s Republic of China and the integration projects implemented by these countries.

scholarly journals State Security as an Element of National Culture – The Phenomenon of The All-Russian Military-Patriotic Movement of Yunarmia

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Wiktor Możgin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
International Power ◽  
Russian Military

Nowadays, the world is back in competition for influence on the international arena. The unipolar arrangement with the leading role of the United States, which was formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, has been destroyed. Today, one of the countries that returns to the position of a superpower not only regional but also world-wide is the Russian Federation. The factor that testifies to the power of the Russian state is its military potential. In this context, the issue of human resources is an important aspect that deserves special attention. Russia treats the human factor as one of the priority elements of state development. Today, inside the Russian state, a pragmatic cultural tendency based on the idea of military-patriotic education of youth has been formed. In 2016, the all-Russian military-patriotic Yunarmia movement was created. On the scale of the Russian state, this is a phenomenon of security culture based on the education of patriotic attitudes and defence capabilities among the young generation of Russians. Yunarmia, through its direct connection with the Ministry of National Defence of the Russian Federation, provides a platform for the development of Russian military and thus the potential that translates into Russia's international power position.

TREATMENT OF NICOTINE DEPENDENCE IN PATIENTS WITH ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Petr Yablonskiy ◽  
Olga Sukhovskaya ◽  
I. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Russian Federation

Worldwide, tobacco use is a major behavioral risk factor for cancer. A comparative study conducted in 2017 showed that 7.10 million deaths were associated with smoking. Tobacco consumption not only increases the risk of developing various forms of cancer, but also reduces life expectancy after suffering a cancer, and increases the risk of relapse. In patients with lung cancer who underwent lung resection, smoking increased the risk of nosocomial mortality by three times and significantly increased the incidence of pulmonary complications. In addition to the localization and stage of cancer, abstinence from tobacco consumption has been noted as the strongest predictor of survival in cancer patients. In the United States, National Recommendations for Comprehensive Cancer Treatment (NCCN) included recommendations for the treatment of nicotine addiction, including 12 weeks of behavioral therapy (including telephone counseling) in combination with smoking cessation drugs for all patients receiving treatment in oncological clinics. Treatment of nicotine addiction has proven cost-effective: in particular, it has been shown for a smoking cessation program prior to surgical resection of the lung. Principles 5 A are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assist in the smoking cessation. There are national guidelines in other countries. In the Russian Federation, clinical guidelines “Tobacco addiction syndrome, tobacco withdrawal syndrome in adults” were adopted. Given the significant impact of smoking on the prognosis of cancer, the treatment of nicotine addiction should be an integral part of the treatment of malignant tumors. The most effective treatment is the combination of pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Teaching behavioral methods to overcome the withdrawal syndrome can be conducted by calling the to Quitline, organized by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Comparison and analysis of the fda approved orphane drugs registerand the vital and essential drugs list of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
D.S. Yurochkin ◽  
◽  
A.A. Leshkevich ◽  
Z.M. Golant ◽  
I.A. NarkevichSaint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Orphan Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Orphan Diseases ◽  
Essential Drugs ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Comparison And Analysis ◽  
The Government

The article presents the results of a comparison of the Orphan Drugs Register approved for use in the United States and the 2020 Vital and Essential Drugs List approved on October 12, 2019 by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2406-r. The comparison identified 305 international non-proprietary names relating to the main and/or auxiliary therapy for rare diseases. The analysis of the market of drugs included in the Vital and Essential Drugs List, which can be used to treat rare (orphan) diseases in Russia was conducted.

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE USA AND CHINA IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD, AFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF RUSSIA'S INTERESTS. Part 1: country interests and activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Gordienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the interests of Russia, the United States and China in the regions of the world and identifies the priorities of Russia's activities in Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Asia-Pacific region, the Arctic, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, their comparative assessment with the interests of the United States and China. An approach to assessing the impact of possible consequences of the activities of the United States and China on the realization of Russia's interests is proposed. This makes it possible to identify the priorities of the policy of the Russian Federation in various regions of the world. The results of the analysis can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. It is concluded that the discrepancy between the interests of the United States and China is important for the implementation of the current economic and military policy of the Russian Federation.

Emergency powers of the authorities of the constituent units of the federation (states) in Russia, the USA and Brazil amid the spread of a new coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-107
Author(s):  
Alexander Merkulenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Emergency Powers ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

Due to the new coronavirus pandemic, high alert regimes were introduced across the Russian Federation in spring 2020. These emergency regimes were established exclusively by the state bodies of the Russian Federation’s constituent units – federal authorities did not introduce their own emergency regimes. This decentralized strategy of fighting the pandemic was also introduced by the USA and Brazil. Their states, without the sanction of the federal government, and in the case of Brazil, ignoring its bans, set emergency restrictions similar to those in Russia. The legal regulation of emergency regimes existed before 2020, when constituent units of the federation (states) actively used their emergency powers. However, the regimes introduced during the fight against the pandemic were slightly different to previous ones. The restrictions on rights and freedoms within these regimes were so severe that not only their proportionality was questioned, but there were also doubts as to whether the regional level of the government had the authority to establish such strict restrictions. In addition, the pandemic exposed old problems and revealed new shortcomings in the legal regulation of emergency regimes: lack of control over the realization of the emergency regime by legislative (representative) authorities, and gaps in legislative regulation – notably in the establishment of possible restrictions and of a mechanism for scrutinizing their proportionality. All this raised questions about the proportionality of the established restrictions. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation resolved a very insignificant amount of the problems. While the United States and Brazil faced similar issues, the practice of scrutinizing implemented restrictions in these countries was more common. This article takes domestic and foreign experiences into account, while examining certain aspects of the establishment and the operation of regional emergency regimes.

Public hearings as an institution of deliberative democracy in major Russian and American cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-83
Author(s):  
Andrey Fursov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Hearings ◽  
The Russian Federation

Currently, public hearings are one of the most widespread forms of deliberative municipal democracy in Russia. This high level of demand, combined with critique of legal regulations and the practices for bringing this system to reality – justified, in the meantime, by its development (for example, by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives and the Public Chambers of the Russian Federation) of proposals for the correction of corresponding elements of the legal code – make both the study of Russian experiences in this sphere and comparative studies of legal regulations and practical usage of public hearings in Russia and abroad extremely relevant. This article is an attempt to make a contribution to this field of scientific study. If the appearance of public hearings in Russia as an institution of Russian municipal law is connected with the passing of the Federal Law of 6 October 2003 No.131-FZ, “On the general organisational principles of local government in the Russian Federation,” then in the United States, this institution has existed since the beginning of the 20th century, with mass adoption beginning in the 1960s. In this time, the United States has accumulated significant practical experience in the use of public hearings and their legal formulation. Both countries are large federal states, with their own regional specifics and diversity, the presence of three levels of public authority and different principles of federalism, which cause differences in the legal regulation of municipal public hearings. For this reason, this article undertakes a comparative legal analysis of Russian and American experiences of legal regulation and practical use of public hearings, on the example of several major municipalities – the cities of Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh and New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago. A comparison of laws influencing the public hearing processes in these cities is advisable, given the colossal growth in the role of city centers in the industrial and post-industrial eras. Cities in particular are the primary centers for economic growth, the spread of innovations, progressive public policy and the living environment for the majority of both Russian and American citizens. The cities under research are one of the largest municipalities in the two countries by population, and on such a scale, the problem of involving residents in solving local issues is especially acute. In this context, improving traditional institutions of public participation is a timely challenge for the legislator, and the experiences of these cities are worth describing. The unique Russian context for legal regulations of public hearings involves the combination of overarching federal law and specific municipal decrees that regulate the hearing process. There are usually two municipal acts regulating public hearings on general issues of the city district (charter, budget, etc.) and separately on urban planning. In the United States, the primary regulation of public hearings is assigned to the state and municipality level, with a whole series of corresponding laws and statutes; meanwhile, methodological recommendations play a specific role in the organisation of hearings, which are issued by the state department of a given state. It is proposed that regulating the corresponding relationships at the federal subject level will permit a combination of the best practices of legal administration with local nuances, thereby reinforcing the guarantee of the realization of civil rights to self-government. There are other features in the process of organizing and conducting public hearings in the United States, which, as shown in the article, can be perceived by Russian lawmakers as well in order to create an updated construct of public discussions at the local level.

The interaction of journalism and public relations in Russia: A self-perception

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Greg Simons ◽  
Dmitry Strovsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation

There is an increasing amount written on the decline of professional journalism around the world. One of the factors that are used to illustrate the decline of journalism is the interaction and collaboration between journalists and public relations (PR) practitioners in the production of mass media news content. On a theoretical and conceptual level, the aims and goals of the two professions are quite different, even though there are a number of superficial similarities between these forms of mass communication. Studies of the interaction between journalism and PR in the United States reveal a certain underlying tension, yet simultaneous mutual dependency. An indicative survey was conducted across different cities in the Russian Federation to understand the perception of professional journalists and PR practitioners on the current level of interaction between their professions. The answers were remarkably similar and reveal a deep concern for the direction of journalism, which many viewed as being subordinated to PR.

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